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Pyrrhura

Genus of birds

Pyrrhura
Summary

Genus of birds

See text.

Keulemans]], 1891

Pyrrhura (Ancient Greek for red/fire tail) is a genus of parrots in the Arini tribe. They occur in tropical and subtropical South America and southern Central America (Panama and Costa Rica). Most are restricted to humid forest and adjacent habitats, but one species, the blaze-winged parakeet, prefers deciduous or gallery woodland, and another, the Pfrimer's parakeet, is restricted to dry regions. Some species are highly endangered.

Depending on the species, the total length range from 22 to. All have long, pointed tails, a mainly green plumage, and a relatively narrow, dark greyish to white eye-ring. Many have scaly or barred chest-patterns and a whitish, pale grey, buff or reddish ear-patch.

They typically move around in small, noisy flocks, flying swiftly at or below canopy level. Once settled in a tree they tend to be silent (especially if aware of danger) and difficult to spot. They nest in a tree-crevice.

Some species are popular in aviculture, where they are commonly referred to as conures instead of parakeets.

Taxonomy

The genus Pyrrhura was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Bonaparte did not specify a type species but this was designated in 1891 by the Italian zoologist Tommaso Salvadori as Psittacus vittatus Shaw, 1811, which has been replaced by Psittacus frontalis Vieillot, 1818, the maroon-bellied parakeet. The genus name is from the specific epithet of Microsittace pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1854 now Pyrrhura molinae Massena & Souancé, 1854, the green-cheeked parakeet. The name combines the Ancient Greek purrhos meaning "flame-coloured" or "red" with -ouros meaning "tail".

Species

The genus contains 26 species:

  • Ochre-marked parakeet, Pyrrhura cruentata
  • Blaze-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura devillei
  • Maroon-bellied parakeet, Pyrrhura frontalis
  • Pearly parakeet, Pyrrhura lepida
  • Crimson-bellied parakeet, Pyrrhura perlata
  • Green-cheeked parakeet, Pyrrhura molinae
  • Pfrimer's parakeet, Pyrrhura pfrimeri
  • Grey-breasted parakeet, Pyrrhura griseipectus
  • White-eared parakeet, Pyrrhura leucotis
  • Painted parakeet, Pyrrhura picta
  • Subandean parakeet, Pyrrhura subandina
  • Perija parakeet, Pyrrhura caeruleiceps
  • Venezuelan parakeet, Pyrrhura emma
  • Santarem parakeet, Pyrrhura amazonum
  • Bonaparte's parakeet, Pyrrhura lucianii
  • Rose-fronted parakeet, Pyrrhura roseifrons
  • Santa Marta parakeet, Pyrrhura viridicata
  • Fiery-shouldered parakeet, Pyrrhura egregia
  • Maroon-tailed parakeet, Pyrrhura melanura
  • El Oro parakeet, Pyrrhura orcesi
  • Black-capped parakeet, Pyrrhura rupicola
  • White-breasted parakeet, Pyrrhura albipectus
  • Flame-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura calliptera
  • Blood-eared parakeet, Pyrrhura hoematotis
  • Rose-crowned parakeet, Pyrrhura rhodocephala
  • Sulphur-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura hoffmanni

Species photographs

File:Pyrrhura cruentata -pet on a pole -2c.jpg|Blue-throated parakeet (Pyrrhura cruentata) File:Maroon-bellied Conure (Pyrrhura frontalis) -on stump.jpg|Maroon-bellied parakeet (Pyrrhura frontalis) File:Two Green-Cheeked Conures.jpeg|Green-cheeked parakeet (Pyrrhura molinae) File:Pyrrhura perlata -pet-01.jpg|Crimson-bellied parakeet (Pyrrhura perlata) File:Pyrrhura lepida -pet-8.jpg|Pearly parakeet (Pyrrhura lepida) File:Rose-crowned Parakeet.jpg|Rose-crowned parakeet (Pyrrhura hoematotis) File:Pyrrhura hoffmanni -Costa Rica-4-4c.jpg|Sulphur-winged parakeet (Pyrrhura hoffmanni) File:Pyrrhura rupicola -captive-6a.jpg|Black-capped parakeet (Pyrrhura rupicola) File:Tiriba-de-testa-vermelha de lado.jpg|Domestic maroon-bellied parakeet (Pyrrhura frontalis)

References

  • Arndt, T. (2008). Anmerkungen zu einigen Pyrrhura-Formen mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Art und zweier neuer Unterarten. Papageien 8/2008.
  • Joseph, L. (2002). Geographic variation, taxonomy and distribution of some Amazonian Pyrrhura parakeets. Ornitologia Neotropical 13 (4): 337–363.
  • Juniper, T., and M. Parr (1998). A Guide to the Parrots of the World. Pica Press, East Sussex.
  • Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 28 Jun. 2007. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union.
  • Restall, R., C. Rodner, and M. Lentino. (2006). Birds of Northern South America - An Identification Guide.. Christopher Helm, London.
  • Ribas, C., L. Joseph, and C. Miyaki (2006). Molecular systematics and patterns of diversification in Pyrrhura (Psittacidae), with special reference to the picta-leucotis complex. Auk 123 (3): 660–680.

References

  1. . ["Psittacidae"](https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=67). *The Trust for Avian Systematics*.
  2. (16 September 2021). "Pyrrhura Conures | Beauty of Birds".
  3. Bonaparte, Charles Lucien. (1856). "Conspectum Psittacorum". Naumannia: Archiv für die Ornithologie Vorzugsweise Europa's.
  4. (1937). "Check-List of Birds of the World". Harvard University Press.
  5. Salvadori, Tommaso. (1891). "Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the collection of the British Museum". British Museum.
  6. (2013). "The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World". Aves Press.
  7. Jobling, James A.. (2010). "The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names". Christopher Helm.
  8. AviList Core Team. (2025). "AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025".
Wikipedia Source

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