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Pyrotechnic fastener

Type of quick release fastener

Summary

Type of quick release fastener

A pyrotechnic fastener (also called an explosive bolt, or pyro, within context) is a fastener, usually a nut or bolt, that incorporates a pyrotechnic charge that can be initiated remotely. One or more explosive charges embedded within the bolt are typically activated by an electric current, and the charge breaks the bolt into two or more pieces. The bolt is typically scored around its circumference at the point(s) where the severance should occur.{{cite book |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819112450/https://www.bulletpicker.net/pdf/AMCP%20706-179,%20Explosive%20Trains.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2022 |url-status=live

In applications that require safety, precision and reliability, such as the aerospace industry, pyrotechnic fasteners are triggered using exploding bridgewire detonators, which were themselves later succeeded by slapper detonators. Classical blasting caps are generally avoided for such usage.

More recent developments have used pulsed laser diodes to detonate initiators through fiber-optic cables, which subsequently fire the main charge.

Gas generators are similar to pyrotechnic fasteners. They are used to generate large amounts of gas, as for turbopumps, to inflate balloons, especially airbags, to eject parachutes and similar applications.

Compositions used

Various pyrotechnic compositions can be used, depending on the desired burn rate and required amount of energy and volume of gas produced. Some materials, such as RDX, sublime in vacuum, which limits their usefulness in aerospace applications.{{cite journal | doi-access= free

Standard pyrotechnic mixtures used by NASA

Manganese / barium chromate / lead chromate: Time-delay mix, used for sequencing. Gasless burning.{{cite book |archive-url = https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19950024937 |archive-date = 22 May 2011 |url-status = live
RDX / nitrocellulose: Gas generator, unsuitable for deep space missions, burn rate dependent on pressure.
Boron / potassium nitrate: Gas generator and rocket-motor igniter, thermally stable, stable in vacuum, burn rate independent of pressure.
Zirconium / potassium perchlorate: Used in the NASA Standard Initiator (NSI).{{cite book |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411140043/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20000120417/downloads/20000120417.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2022 |url-status=live
Lead azide: Used as a primary explosive.{{cite book |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212011306/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19730011151/downloads/19730011151.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2020 |url-status=live
Hexanitrostilbene: Used in detonators, linear shaped charges, and bulk explosives. Insensitive to stimuli other than explosion. Thermally stable. Vacuum stable. Used in deep space applications where RDX can not be utilized, such as aboard the Apollo Lunar Module Detonates at 22000 ft/s.

References

"AIAA 96-2874 Development and Qualification Testing of the High Voltage Detonator".
(13 October 2018). "Laser Motor Igniter".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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