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Putuo Zongcheng Temple

Buddhist temple complex in Chengde, China

Summary

Buddhist temple complex in Chengde, China

Field	Value
building_name	Putuo Zongcheng Temple
image	Putuo Zongcheng Temple.jpg
caption	The Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, built in the 18th century during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
religious_affiliation	Buddhist
region	China
province	Hebei
municipality	Chengde
functional_status	Preserved
heritage_designation	1994
architecture_style	Tibetan and Chinese
year_completed

View within the ''Cihangpudu'' building, the main hall of the temple, crowned with [[Chinese pavilion]]s and centered around a hall with a golden rooftop (see gallery picture below).

The Putuo Zongcheng Temple (, ) of Chengde, Hebei, China is a Buddhist temple complex built between 1767 and 1771. It is located near the Chengde Mountain Resort, which is south of the Putuo Zongcheng. Along with the equally famed Puning Temple, it is one of the Eight Outer Temples of Chengde. The temple was modeled after the Potala Palace of Tibet, the residence of the Dalai Lama built a century earlier. Since it was modeled after the Potala palace, the temple represents a fusion of Chinese and Tibetan architectural styles. The temple complex covers a surface area of some 220,000 m2, making it one of the largest in China. Many of its halls and pavilions are adorned with copper and gold tiled roofs, adding to the splendor of the site.

History

The Putuo Zongcheng Temple is part of the "Eight Outer Temples" located in Chengde, which are part of the World Heritage List along with the Chengde Mountain Resort. These temples were administered by the Lifan Yuan, an administrative department for the affairs of ethnic minorities such as the Mongolians and the Tibetans, hence the different combinations of architectural style which could be seen throughout these Eight Outer Temples in Chengde.

The Putuo Zongcheng Temple was originally dedicated to Qianlong to celebrate his birthday, as well as provide Hebei with a Buddhist temple of equal size and splendor as the Potala Palace in Lhasa. The Putuo Zongcheng temple served more functions than just Buddhist ceremonies and festivals; it was also the location that the emperor would gather meetings of different ethnic envoys from within the empire. The location served as a peaceful getaway in contrast to the bustling life of the capital Beijing, as well as complimented the nearby hunting grounds that the emperor would enjoy with his guests.

As of 1994, the Chengde Mountain Resort and Chengde's Eight Outer Temples (including the Putuo Zongcheng Temple) were established as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Today, the temple remains a site of tourism and local festivities.

The replica of the Golden temple

Swedish explorers Sven Hedin, Gösta Montell, Georg Söderbom and Chinese architect Liang Weihua (W. H. Liang) came to Putuo Zongcheng in June 1930. This was part of the Sino-Swedish expedition and the mission was to procure a Lamaistic temple to the World Exhibition in Chicago in 1933, Century of Progress. An exact model in full scale 1:1 was manufactured at Liang's workshops in Beijing. Two smaller models in scale 1:10 were also made. The full scale model was set up in Chicago. One of the smaller models was also sent to Chicago to help set up the full scale temple. The other small model was taken to the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm.

Gates, halls, and towers

Image:Chengde view from mountain top.jpg|Another aerial view Image:Putuo Zongcheng Temple 22125-Chengde (30775659657).jpg|Entrance to the complex Image:Qianlong tablet pavilion Putuo Zongcheng.jpg|The Qianlong Tablet Pavilion, located behind the front entrance Image:Five pagaoda gate.jpg|The Five Pagodas Gate, located behind the Qianlong Tablet Pavilion, Image:Color glaze gateway Puotuo Zongcheng.jpg|Gateway with multi-colored tiles, located behind the Five Pagodas Gate Image:Red building Putuo Zongcheng Temple.JPG|Main hall of the temple, surrounding the Wanfaguiyi Hall at its center. Image:行摄梓地 www.hiroko.cn 20130918 163925.jpg|The golden rooftop of Wanfaguiyi Hall Image:Putuo Zongcheng Temple 22382-Chengde (49048780158).jpg|Corner pavilion of Wanfaguiyi Image:Cihangpudu.jpg|Cihangpudu with the Wanfaguiyi Hall Image:Chengde, China - 035.jpg|Doubled-layered, cylindrical tower.

Notes

References

Foret, Philippe. (2000). Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. (Paperback).
Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida. (1998). The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Paperback).
Montell, Gösta: The Lama Temple Potala of Jehol. Plan of the Monastery-Ground. In: Geografiska Annaler, Band 17, Supplement: Hyllningsskrift Tillagnad Sven Hedin (1935), S. 175-184. (Putuo Zongcheng Temple)
Hedin, Sven and Bergman, Folke: History of the expedition in Asia 1927-1935, in: Reports from the scientific expedition to the north-western provinces of China under leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. The Sino-Swedish expedition. Publication 24: Part II 1928–1933. Stockholm 1943-1945, page 121ff. and page 184ff.. See also: Sino-Swedish Expedition of Sven Hedin and the Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago 1933/1934 (German).
Montell, Gösta, Hedin, Sven: The Chinese lama temple Potala of Jehol. Exhibition of historical and ethnographical collections. Made by Dr. Gösta Montell, member of Dr. Sven Hedin's Expeditions, and donated by Vincent Bendix. Chicago: Century of Progress Exposition 1932.

References

Foret, 155.
Rawski, 253.
Hedin, Sven. (1931). "Jehol, kejsarstaden : skildringar från de stora mandschukejsarnas hov".
"History of the Expedition in Asia, 1927-1935 : vol.2 - National Institute of Informatics / Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books".
(2019-11-28). "Model of the Golden Temple, Wan fa Gui yi Hall - Download Free 3D model by Världskulturmuseerna (@varldskulturmuseerna)".
"1935.50.4633 :: modell".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

religious-buildings-and-structures-completed-in-1771 18th-century-buddhist-temples-in-china tibetan-buddhist-temples-in-hebei gelug-monasteries-and-temples world-heritage-sites-in-china 1767-establishments-in-china religious-organizations-established-in-the-1760s buildings-and-structures-in-chengde qing-dynasty-architecture qianlong-emperor major-national-historical-and-cultural-sites-in-hebei

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