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Pulitzer Prize for Drama
American award for distinguished plays
American award for distinguished plays
The Pulitzer Prize for Drama is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. (No Drama prize was given, however, so that one was inaugurated in 1918, in a sense.) It recognizes a theatrical work staged in the U.S. during the preceding calendar year.
Joseph Pulitzer stipulated that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama should be awarded, “…“Annually, for the original American play, performed in New York, which shall best represent the educational value and power of the stage in raising the standard of good morals, good taste, and good manners." The original prize was $1,000*.*
Until 2007, eligibility for the Drama Prize ran from March 1 to March 2 to reflect the Broadway "season" rather than the calendar year that governed most other Pulitzer Prizes.
The drama jury is composed of four members and a chair. Typically, these are three or four critics, complemented by academics or playwrights. The jury reviews scripts submitted by New York and regional theater productions, taking the production of the play into account.
The drama jury is composed of four members and a chair. Typically, these are three or four critics, complemented by academics or playwrights. The jury reviews scripts submitted by New York and regional theater productions, taking the production of the play into account. The jury makes recommendations to the Pulitzer board, which the board is not required to accept. This can result in the prize being awarded to another play, or in no prize being awarded.
Rejections of the jury's recommendations
In 1924, the board's selection of Hell-Bent Fer Heaven over the jury's recommendation of George Kelly's The Show-Off caused a minor scandal as the recipient of the award, Hatcher Hughes, taught at Columbia, which oversees the award. The jury resigned.
In 1955 Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. pressured the prize jury into presenting the Prize to Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, which the jury considered the weakest of the five shortlisted nominees ("amateurishly constructed... from the stylistic points of view annoyingly pretentious"), instead of Clifford Odets' The Flowering Peach or Maxwell Anderson's The Bad Seed.
Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? was selected for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize for Drama by that year's jury. However, the jury was overruled by the award's advisory board, the trustees of Columbia University, because of the play's then-controversial use of profanity and sexual themes. The jurors, John Gassner and John Mason Brown, resigned, calling the decision "a farce."
In 1986, the jury's only recommendation was Robert Wilson's the CIVIL warS and the board declined to award a prize. Critic Dan Sullivan criticized both the board, for ignoring the jury of experts and refusing to acknowledge the avant-garde auteur Wilson, and the jury, for not selecting other plays as finalists, such as Aunt Dan and Lemon by Wallace Shawn or The Normal Heart by Larry Kramer.
Awards and nominations
In its first 106 years to 2022, the Drama Pulitzer was awarded 91 times; none were given in 15 years and it was never split.
The most recipients of the prize in one year was five, when Michael Bennett, James Kirkwood, Jr., Nicholas Dante, Marvin Hamlisch, and Edward Kleban shared the 1976 prize for the musical A Chorus Line.
Notes
† marks winners of the Tony Award for Best Play.
- marks winners of the Tony Award for Best Musical. ≠ marks nominees of the Tony Award for Best Play or the Tony Award for Best Musical
1910s
1920s
| Year | Production | Author | 1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Beyond the Horizon* | Eugene O'Neill | |||||||||||
| *Miss Lulu Bett* | Zona Gale | |||||||||||
| *Anna Christie* | Eugene O'Neill | |||||||||||
| *Icebound* | Owen Davis | |||||||||||
| *Hell-Bent Fer Heaven* | Hatcher Hughes | |||||||||||
| *They Knew What They Wanted* | Sidney Howard | |||||||||||
| *Craig's Wife* | George Kelly | |||||||||||
| *In Abraham's Bosom* | Paul Green | |||||||||||
| *Strange Interlude* | Eugene O'Neill | |||||||||||
| *Street Scene* | Elmer Rice |
1930s
| Year | Production | Author | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *The Green Pastures* | Marc Connelly | |||||||||||
| *Alison's House* | Susan Glaspell | |||||||||||
| *Of Thee I Sing* | George S. Kaufman, Morrie Ryskind and Ira Gershwin | |||||||||||
| *Both Your Houses* | Maxwell Anderson | |||||||||||
| *Men in White* | Sidney Kingsley | |||||||||||
| *The Old Maid* | Zoë Akins | |||||||||||
| *Idiot's Delight* | Robert E. Sherwood | |||||||||||
| *You Can't Take It with You* | Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman | |||||||||||
| *Our Town* | Thornton Wilder | |||||||||||
| *Abe Lincoln in Illinois* | Robert E. Sherwood |
1940s
| Year | Production | Author | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *The Time of Your Life* | William Saroyan | |||||||||||
| *There Shall Be No Night* | Robert E. Sherwood | |||||||||||
| *The Skin of Our Teeth* | Thornton Wilder | |||||||||||
| *Harvey* | Mary Coyle Chase | |||||||||||
| *State of the Union* | Russel Crouse and Howard Lindsay | |||||||||||
| *A Streetcar Named Desire* | Tennessee Williams | |||||||||||
| *Death of a Salesman*† | Arthur Miller |
1950s
| Year | Production | Author | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *South Pacific** | Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan | |||||||||||
| *The Shrike* | Joseph Kramm | |||||||||||
| *Picnic* | William Inge | |||||||||||
| *The Teahouse of the August Moon*† | John Patrick | |||||||||||
| *Cat on a Hot Tin Roof≠* | Tennessee Williams | |||||||||||
| *The Diary of Anne Frank*† | Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich | |||||||||||
| *Long Day's Journey into Night*† | Eugene O'Neill | |||||||||||
| *Look Homeward, Angel≠* | Ketti Frings | |||||||||||
| *J.B.*† | Archibald MacLeish |
1960s
| Year | Production | Author | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Fiorello!** | Jerome Weidman, George Abbott, Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick | |||||||||||
| *All the Way Home≠* | Tad Mosel | |||||||||||
| *How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying** | Frank Loesser and Abe Burrows | |||||||||||
| *The Subject Was Roses*† | Frank D. Gilroy | |||||||||||
| *A Delicate Balance≠* | Edward Albee | |||||||||||
| *The Great White Hope*† | Howard Sackler |
1970s
| Year | Production | Author | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *No Place to Be Somebody* | Charles Gordone | |||||||||||
| *The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds* | Paul Zindel | |||||||||||
| *That Championship Season*† | Jason Miller | |||||||||||
| *Seascape*≠ | Edward Albee | |||||||||||
| *A Chorus Line** | Michael Bennett, Nicholas Dante, James Kirkwood, Jr., Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban | |||||||||||
| *The Shadow Box*† | Michael Cristofer | |||||||||||
| *The Gin Game*≠ | Donald L. Coburn | |||||||||||
| *Buried Child* | Sam Shepard |
1980s
| Year | Production | Author | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Talley's Folly≠* | Lanford Wilson | |||||||||||
| *Crimes of the Heart≠* | Beth Henley | |||||||||||
| *A Soldier's Play* | Charles Fuller | |||||||||||
| *'night, Mother≠* | Marsha Norman | |||||||||||
| True West | Sam Shepard | |||||||||||
| *Glengarry Glen Ross≠* | David Mamet | |||||||||||
| Fool for Love | Sam Shepard | |||||||||||
| Painting Churches | Tina Howe | |||||||||||
| *Sunday in the Park with George*≠ | James Lapine and Stephen Sondheim | |||||||||||
| The Dining Room | A. R. Gurney | |||||||||||
| The Gospel at Colonus | Lee Breuer and Bob Telson | |||||||||||
| the CIVIL warS: a tree is best measured when it is down | Robert Wilson | |||||||||||
| *Fences*† | August Wilson | |||||||||||
| Broadway Bound≠ | Neil Simon | |||||||||||
| A Walk in the Woods | Lee Blessing | |||||||||||
| *Driving Miss Daisy* | Alfred Uhry | |||||||||||
| Boys' Life | Howard Korder | |||||||||||
| Talk Radio | Eric Bogosian | |||||||||||
| *The Heidi Chronicles*† | Wendy Wasserstein | |||||||||||
| The Piano Lesson≠ | August Wilson | |||||||||||
| M. Butterfly† | David Henry Hwang |
1990s
| Year | Production | Author | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *The Piano Lesson≠* | August Wilson | |||||||||||
| And What of the Night? | María Irene Fornés | |||||||||||
| Love Letters | A. R. Gurney | |||||||||||
| *Lost in Yonkers*† | Neil Simon | |||||||||||
| Prelude to a Kiss≠ | Craig Lucas | |||||||||||
| Six Degrees of Separation≠ | John Guare | |||||||||||
| *The Kentucky Cycle≠* | Robert Schenkkan | |||||||||||
| Conversations with My Father | Herb Gardner | |||||||||||
| Miss Evers' Boys | David Feldshuh | |||||||||||
| Two Trains Running≠ | August Wilson | |||||||||||
| Sight Unseen | Donald Margulies | |||||||||||
| *Angels in America: Millennium Approaches*† | Tony Kushner | |||||||||||
| The Destiny of Me | Larry Kramer | |||||||||||
| Fires in the Mirror | Anna Deavere Smith | |||||||||||
| *Three Tall Women* | Edward Albee | |||||||||||
| Keely and Du | Jane Martin | |||||||||||
| A Perfect Ganesh | Terrence McNally | |||||||||||
| *The Young Man from Atlanta* | Horton Foote | |||||||||||
| The Cryptogram | David Mamet | |||||||||||
| Seven Guitars≠ | August Wilson | |||||||||||
| *Rent** | Jonathan Larson | |||||||||||
| A Fair Country | Jon Robin Baitz | |||||||||||
| Old Wicked Songs | Jon Marans | |||||||||||
| Collected Stories | Donald Margulies | |||||||||||
| The Last Night of Ballyhoo† | Alfred Uhry | |||||||||||
| Pride's Crossing | Tina Howe | |||||||||||
| *How I Learned to Drive* | Paula Vogel | |||||||||||
| Freedomland | Amy Freed | |||||||||||
| Three Days of Rain | Richard Greenberg | |||||||||||
| *Wit* | Margaret Edson | |||||||||||
| Running Man | Cornelius Eady and Diedre Murray | |||||||||||
| Side Man† | Warren Leight |
2000s
| Year | Production | Author | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Dinner with Friends* | Donald Margulies | |||||||||||
| In the Blood | Suzan-Lori Parks | |||||||||||
| King Hedley II≠ | August Wilson | |||||||||||
| *Proof*† | David Auburn | |||||||||||
| The Play About the Baby | Edward Albee | |||||||||||
| The Waverly Gallery | Kenneth Lonergan | |||||||||||
| *Topdog/Underdog≠* | Suzan-Lori Parks | |||||||||||
| The Glory of Living | Rebecca Gilman | |||||||||||
| Yellowman | Dael Orlandersmith | |||||||||||
| *Anna in the Tropics≠* | Nilo Cruz | |||||||||||
| The Goat or Who Is Sylvia?† | Edward Albee | |||||||||||
| Take Me Out† | Richard Greenberg | |||||||||||
| *I Am My Own Wife*† | Doug Wright | |||||||||||
| Man from Nebraska | Tracy Letts | |||||||||||
| Omnium Gatherum | Theresa Rebeck and Alexandra Gersten-Vassilaros | |||||||||||
| *Doubt: A Parable*† | John Patrick Shanley | |||||||||||
| The Clean House | Sarah Ruhl | |||||||||||
| Thom Pain (based on nothing) | Will Eno | |||||||||||
| Miss Witherspoon | Christopher Durang | |||||||||||
| The Intelligent Design of Jenny Chow | Rolin Jones | |||||||||||
| Red Light Winter | Adam Rapp | |||||||||||
| *Rabbit Hole≠* | David Lindsay-Abaire | |||||||||||
| Bulrusher | Eisa Davis | |||||||||||
| Orpheus X | Rinde Eckert | |||||||||||
| Elliot, a Soldier's Fugue | Quiara Alegría Hudes | |||||||||||
| *August: Osage County*† | Tracy Letts | |||||||||||
| Dying City | Christopher Shinn | |||||||||||
| Yellow Face | David Henry Hwang | |||||||||||
| *Ruined* | Lynn Nottage | |||||||||||
| Becky Shaw | Gina Gionfriddo | |||||||||||
| *In the Heights** | Lin-Manuel Miranda and Quiara Alegría Hudes |
2010s
| Year | Production | Author | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Next to Normal*≠ | Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey | |||||||||||
| Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo | Rajiv Joseph | |||||||||||
| The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity | Kristoffer Diaz | |||||||||||
| In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play)≠ | Sarah Ruhl | |||||||||||
| *Clybourne Park*† | Bruce Norris | |||||||||||
| Detroit | Lisa D'Amour | |||||||||||
| A Free Man of Color | John Guare | |||||||||||
| *Water by the Spoonful* | Quiara Alegría Hudes | |||||||||||
| Other Desert Cities≠ | Jon Robin Baitz | |||||||||||
| Sons of the Prophet | Stephen Karam | |||||||||||
| *Disgraced≠* | Ayad Akhtar | |||||||||||
| Rapture, Blister, Burn | Gina Gionfriddo | |||||||||||
| 4000 Miles | Amy Herzog | |||||||||||
| *The Flick* | Annie Baker | |||||||||||
| The (Curious Case of the) Watson Intelligence | Madeleine George | |||||||||||
| *Fun Home** | Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron | |||||||||||
| *Between Riverside and Crazy≠* | Stephen Adly Guirgis | |||||||||||
| Marjorie Prime | Jordan Harrison | |||||||||||
| Father Comes Home From the Wars (Parts 1, 2, 3) | Suzan-Lori Parks | |||||||||||
| *Hamilton** | Lin-Manuel Miranda | |||||||||||
| The Humans† | Stephen Karam | |||||||||||
| Gloria | Branden Jacobs-Jenkins | |||||||||||
| *Sweat≠* | Lynn Nottage | |||||||||||
| A 24-Decade History of Popular Music | Taylor Mac | |||||||||||
| The Wolves | Sarah DeLappe | |||||||||||
| *Cost of Living≠* | Martyna Majok | |||||||||||
| Everybody | Branden Jacobs-Jenkins | |||||||||||
| The Minutes≠ | Tracy Letts | |||||||||||
| *Fairview* | Jackie Sibblies Drury | |||||||||||
| Dance Nation | Clare Barron | |||||||||||
| What the Constitution Means to Me≠ | Heidi Schreck |
2020s
| Year | Production | Author | Ref | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *A Strange Loop** | Michael R. Jackson | ||||||||
| Heroes of the Fourth Turning | Will Arbery | ||||||||
| Soft Power | David Henry Hwang and Jeanine Tesori | ||||||||
| *The Hot Wing King* | Katori Hall | ||||||||
| Circle Jerk | Michael Breslin and Patrick Foley | ||||||||
| Stew | Zora Howard | ||||||||
| *Fat Ham≠* | James Ijames | ||||||||
| Kristina Wong, Sweatshop Overlord | Kristina Wong | ||||||||
| Selling Kabul | Sylvia Khoury | ||||||||
| *English≠* | Sanaz Toossi | ||||||||
| The Far Country | Lloyd Suh | ||||||||
| On Sugarland | Aleshea Harris | ||||||||
| *Primary Trust* | Eboni Booth | ||||||||
| Here There Are Blueberries | Amanda Gronich and Moises Kaufman | ||||||||
| Public Obscenities | Shayok Misha Chowdhury | ||||||||
| *Purpose*† | Branden Jacobs-Jenkins | ||||||||
| The Ally | Itamar Moses | ||||||||
| Oh, Mary!≠ | Cole Escola |
Notes
Musicals
Ten musicals have won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, roughly one per decade from the 1930s to the 2020s¹. They are: George and Ira Gershwin's Of Thee I Sing (1932), Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific (1950), Bock & Harnick's Fiorello! (1960), Frank Loesser's How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1962), Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban, James Kirkwood, Jr., and Nicholas Dante's A Chorus Line (1976), Stephen Sondheim's and James Lapine's Sunday in the Park with George (1985), Jonathan Larson's Rent (1996), Brian Yorkey and Tom Kitt's Next to Normal (2010), Lin-Manuel Miranda's Hamilton (2016), and Michael R. Jackson's A Strange Loop (2020). Though it did not win for Drama, Oklahoma! was awarded a special Pulitzer Prize in 1944.
Of note, South Pacific won the 1950 Pulitzer for Drama but its source material, James Michener's Tales of the South Pacific, also won the 1948 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Similarly, non-musical All the Way Home by Tad Mosel won the 1961 Pulitzer and was based on James Agee's 1957 Pulitzer winning novel A Death in the Family.
Sunday in the Park with George and Next to Normal are the only musicals that won the Pulitzer Prize and did not also win the Tony Award for Best Musical; the latter won the authors Tonys for Best Original Score and Best Orchestrations. Of Thee I Sing opened before the Tony Awards existed.
The award goes to the playwright, although production of the play is also taken into account. In the case of a musical being awarded the prize, the composer, lyricist and book writer are generally the recipients. An exception to this was the first Pulitzer ever awarded to a musical: when Of Thee I Sing won in 1932, book authors George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind, as well as lyricist Ira Gershwin, were cited as the winners, while composer George Gershwin's contribution was overlooked by the committee. The reason given was that the Pulitzer Prize for Drama is a dramatic award, and not a musical one. However, by 1950 the Pulitzer committee included composer Richard Rodgers as a recipient when South Pacific won the award, in recognition of music as an integral and important part of the theatrical experience.
Additionally, since 1983, when the identity of finalists was first disclosed, five musicals have been finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. They are: Lee Breuer and Bob Telson's The Gospel at Colonus (1985); Lin-Manuel Miranda and Quiara Alegría Hudes' In the Heights (2009); Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron's Fun Home (2014); Taylor Mac's A 24-Decade History of Popular Music (2017); and David Henry Hwang and Jeanine Tesori's Soft Power (2020).
¹All listed dates are Prize years. Generally, the musical in question opened in New York during either the preceding calendar year or the preceding Broadway season.
Multiple wins and nominations
The following individuals received two or more Pulitzer Prizes for Drama:
| Wins | Playwright | Nominations |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | Eugene O'Neill | 4 |
| 3 | Edward Albee | 5 |
| Robert E. Sherwood | 3 | |
| 2 | August Wilson | 6 |
| George S. Kaufman | 2 | |
| Lynn Nottage | ||
| Thornton Wilder | ||
| Tennessee Williams |
The following individuals received two or more nominations:
| Nominations | Playwright |
|---|---|
| 6 | August Wilson |
| 5 | Edward Albee |
| 4 | Eugene O'Neill |
| 3 | Quiara Alegría Hudes |
| David Henry Hwang | |
| Branden Jacobs-Jenkins | |
| Tracy Letts | |
| Donald Margulies | |
| Suzan-Lori Parks | |
| Robert E. Sherwood | |
| Sam Shepard | |
| 2 | Jon Robin Baitz |
| Gina Gionfriddo | |
| John Guare | |
| A.R. Gurney | |
| Richard Greenberg | |
| Tina Howe | |
| Stephen Karam | |
| George S. Kaufman | |
| David Mamet | |
| Lin-Manuel Miranda | |
| Lynn Nottage | |
| Sarah Ruhl | |
| Neil Simon | |
| Jeanine Tesori | |
| Alfred Uhry | |
| Thornton Wilder | |
| Tennessee Williams |
Lynn Nottage is the only female playwright to win the prize twice. She and August Wilson are the only playwrights of color to accomplish this feat.
Jon Robin Baitz, Gina Gionfriddo, John Guare, A.R. Gurney, Richard Greenberg, Tina Howe, Stephen Karam, Sarah Ruhl and Jeanine Tesori have each been named finalists twice without winning. David Henry Hwang is the only person to have been named a finalist thrice without winning. Lin-Manuel Miranda and Jeanine Tesori are the only people to be named as a finalist twice for writing/composing a musical, with Miranda winning in 2016.
Notes
References
References
- [http://www.pulitzer.org/awards/1917 "1917 Winners"]. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
- Hohenberg, John. (1974). "The Pulitzer prizes: a history of the awards in books, drama, music, and journalism based on the privates files over 6 decades". Columbia Univ. Press.
- "Administration of the Prizes".
- "Administration of the Prizes".
- Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich & Erika J. Fischer. ''The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-Winning Materials in Journalism, Letters, and Arts'' München: K.G. Saur, 2008. {{ISBN. 3-598-30170-7 {{ISBN. 9783598301704 p. 246
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- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
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- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- Klein, Alvin. (May 24, 1998). ""Albee's 'Tiny Alice,' The Whole Enchilada"". The New York Times.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- (2008). "The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-winning Material in Journalism, Letters and Arts — Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Drama: Discussions, Decision and Documents". K.G. Saur.
- "The Hot Wing King Wins the 2021 Pulitzer Prize for Drama".
- [https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/218 2022 Pulitzer Prizes]
- [https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/218 2023 Pulitzer Prizes]
- [https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/218 2024 Pulitzer Prizes]
- The Nominating Jury acknowledged their first choice, ''The Civil Wars'', was unconventional and "not a play in any traditional sense of the word". The only other option they offered was ''[[Hannah and Her Sisters]]'' by [[Woody Allen]] which they realized was not a traditional nominee for a drama award, due to it being a film, but thought they would "raise the question of... eligibility" anyway.{{citation needed. (January 2026)
- "Next to Normal".
- Flinn, Denny Martin. ''Musical! A Grand Tour''. Schirmer, first edition (April 17, 1997), pages 230–31. {{ISBN. 0-02-864610-X
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