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Psalm 60

Sacred song from the Hebrew Bible

Field	Value
name	Psalm 60
subtitle	"O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us"
type	Psalm of communal lament
image	Psalterium_aureum_140_Ioab.jpg
image_upright	1.2
caption	Depiction of Joab, nephew and general of king David, as cavalry commander (Golden Psalter of St. Gallen, late 9th century)
other_name
language	Hebrew (original)

Psalm 60 is the 60th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us". In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible and the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 59. In Latin, it is known as "Deus reppulisti nos et destruxisti nos". It is addressed "to the chief Musician upon Shushan Eduth", referring to the title of a song, presumably identifying the intended melody, mentioned only here and in Psalm 80, and described as "a Michtam of David, when he strove with Aramnaharaim and with Aramzobah, when Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the valley of salt twelve thousand." The heading text in the Revised Standard Version and the New American Bible Revised Edition refers to Aram-Zobah, whereas in the New King James Version the reference is to Zobah. The psalm has been called a psalm of communal lament.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music.

Geographical imagery

In verse 8, many writers consider "Moab is my washbowl" to refer to the Dead Sea in the vicinity of Moab, and "Upon Edom I will toss my sandal" is viewed as Edom becoming a humble servant, such as a servant who would clean a master's sandals. Commentaries expressing this view include Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible, Charles Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Psalm 108 also uses the imagery of tossing a sandal upon Edom. Barnes refers to "an allusion in the expression 'I will cast out my shoe', to the custom, when transferring a possession, of throwing down a shoe on the ground as a symbol of occupancy".

Herod was an Idumean, an Edomite, ruling over the Jews in his day. Some commentators, such as Ray Vander Laan in "In the Shadow of Herod", would view this promise pointing to a victory of the Jews over Edom similar to other promises that Esau (the father of the Idumeans) would serve Jacob and ultimately not fulfilled until Christ.

The "Valley of Salt" is also referred to as the "Valley of Saltpits".

Uses

Jewish liturgy

In Jewish liturgy, the psalm is recited on Shushan Purim. Verse 7 is part of the closing paragraph of the Amidah.

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the evening of the 11th day of the month.

Other uses

Actor Stephen Fry uses the phrase Moab Is My Washpot for the title of his autobiography covering his early years.

Musical settings

Heinrich Schütz set Psalm 60 in a metred version in German, "Ach Gott, der du vor dieser Zeit", SWV 157, as part of the Becker Psalter, first published in 1628.

Text

The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text come from different textual traditions.A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be found here or here, and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be found here. Both translations are in the public domain. In the Septuagint, this psalm is numbered Psalm 59.

#	English	Greek
	(To the chief Musician upon Shushaneduth, Michtam of David, to teach;	Εἰς τὸ τέλος· τοῖς ἀλλοιωθησομένοις ἔτι, εἰς στηλογραφίαν τῷ Δαυΐδ, εἰς διδαχήν,
	when he strove with Aramnaharaim and with Aramzobah, when Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the valley of salt twelve thousand.)	ὁπότε ἐνεπύρισε τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν Συρίας καὶ τὴν Συρίαν Σοβά, καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ᾿Ιωάβ, καὶ ἐπάταξε τὴν φάραγγα τῶν ἁλῶν, δώδεκα χιλιάδας. -
1	O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us, thou hast been displeased; O turn thyself to us again.	Ο ΘΕΟΣ, ἀπώσω ἡμᾶς καὶ καθεῖλες ἡμᾶς, ὠργίσθης καὶ οἰκτείρησας ἡμᾶς.
2	Thou hast made the earth to tremble; thou hast broken it: heal the breaches thereof; for it shaketh.	συνέσεισας τὴν γῆν καὶ συνετάραξας αὐτήν· ἴασαι τὰ συντρίμματα αὐτῆς ὅτι ἐσαλεύθη.
3	Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment.	ἔδειξας τῷ λαῷ σου σκληρά, ἐπότισας ἡμᾶς οἶνον κατανύξεως.
4	Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be displayed because of the truth. Selah.	ἔδωκας τοῖς φοβουμένοις σε σημείωσιν τοῦ φυγεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου τόξου. (διάψαλμα).
5	That thy beloved may be delivered; save with thy right hand, and hear me.	ὅπως ἂν ῥυσθῶσιν οἱ ἀγαπητοί σου, σῶσον τῇ δεξιᾷ σου καὶ ἐπάκουσόν μου.
6	God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth.	ὁ Θεὸς ἐλάλησεν ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ αὐτοῦ· ἀγαλλιάσομαι καὶ διαμεριῶ Σίκιμα καὶ τὴν κοιλάδα τῶν σκηνῶν διαμετρήσω.
7	Gilead is mine, and Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver;	ἐμός ἐστι Γαλαάδ, καὶ ἐμός ἐστι Μανασσῆ, καὶ ᾿Εφραὶμ κραταίωσις τῆς κεφαλῆς μου, ᾿Ιούδας βασιλεύς μου·
8	Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe: Philistia, triumph thou because of me.	Μωὰβ λέβης τῆς ἐλπίδος μου, ἐπὶ τὴν ᾿Ιδουμαίαν ἐκτενῶ τὸ ὑπόδημά μου, ἐμοὶ ἀλλόφυλοι ὑπετάγησαν.
9	Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into Edom?	τίς ἀπάξει με εἰς πόλιν περιοχῆς; ἢ τίς ὁδηγήσει με ἕως τῆς ᾿Ιδουμαίας;
10	Wilt not thou, O God, which hadst cast us off? and thou, O God, which didst not go out with our armies?	οὐχὶ σύ, ὁ Θεός, ὁ ἀπωσάμενος ἡμᾶς; καὶ οὐκ ἐξελεύσῃ, ὁ Θεός, ἐν ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἡμῶν;
11	Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man.	δὸς ἡμῖν βοήθειαν ἐκ θλίψεως, καὶ ματαία σωτηρία ἀνθρώπου.
12	Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies.	ἐν τῷ Θεῷ ποιήσωμεν δύναμιν, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξουδενώσει τοὺς θλίβοντας ἡμᾶς.

Notes

References

[http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps59.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 59 (60)] {{webarchive. link. (7 May 2017 medievalist.net)
"Comparison of Enumeration of the Psalms in the Book of Divine Worship and in the Vulgate".
{{bibleverse. Psalm. 60:1. ESV: [[English Standard Version]]
''[[Strong's Concordance]]'', [https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H7802&t=KJV H7802]: "שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת Shûwshan ʻÊdûwth; or (plural of former) שׁוֹשַׁנִּים עֵדוּת Shôwshannîym ʻÊdûwthlemma שׁוֹשַׁנִּיס עֵדוּת samekh, corrected to שׁוֹשַׁנִּים עֵדוּת; from H7799 and H5715; lily (or trumpet) of assemblage; Shushan-Eduth or Shoshannim-Eduth, the title of a popular song:—Shoshannim-Eduth, Shushan-eduth."
{{bibleverse. Psalm. 60. AKJV: [[King James Version]], [[Cambridge University Press]]
{{bibleverse. Psalm. 60. RSV: RSV
{{bibleverse. Psalm. 60. NABRE: NABRE
{{bibleverse. Psalm. 60. NKJV: NKJV
Barnes, A. (1834), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes/psalms/60.htm Notes on the Bible], accessed 1 December 2021
"Psalm 60:8 Commentaries: "Moab is My washbowl; over Edom I shall throw My shoe; Shout loud, O Philistia, because of Me!"".
{{bibleverse. Psalm. 108:9. NKJV
"Lesson 3.1 | in the Shadow of Herod".
{{bibleverse. 2. Samuel. 8:13. DRA
The Artscroll Tehillim, p. 329
The Complete Artscroll Siddur, p. 119
Church of England, [https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/The%20Book%20of%20Common%20Prayer%201662.pdf Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter], [[John Baskerville]], 1762, pp. 196ff
Fry, S. (1997), ''Moab is My Washpot'', [[Random House]]
"Psalms – Chapter 60". Mechon Mamre.
"Psalms 60 - JPS 1917". [[Sefaria.
"Psalm 59 - Septuagint and Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Ellopos.
Strong, James. "Strong's Hebrew: 7802. שׁוּשַׁן (Shushan Eduth or Shoshannim Eduth) -- "Lily of Testimony" or "Lilies of Testimony"".

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