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Psalm 43

Biblical psalm

Biblical psalm

FieldValue
namePsalm 43
subtitle"Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation"
imagePsalm43 Kurfuerstenbibel.JPG
captionBeginning of Psalm 43 in a German Kurfürstenbibel from 1768
other_name{{plainlist
languageHebrew (original)
  • Psalm 42
  • "Iudica me Deus" Psalm 43 is the 43rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, known in the English King James Version as "Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation". In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 42. In Latin, it is known as "Iudica me Deus". It is commonly attributed to the sons of Korah. In the Hebrew Bible, it comes within the second of the five books (divisions) of Psalms, also known as the "Elohistic Psalter" because the word YHWH is rarely used and God is generally referred to as "Elohim".

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.

Uses

Catholic Church

This psalm was traditionally recited or sung, following the Rule of St. Benedict of 530 AD, in the Office for the Lauds of Tuesday, following Psalm 50.

Traditionally, a priest would recite the psalm before he ascended the altar to celebrate Mass. In the Roman Rite, the traditional Tridentine Mass has the psalm said by the priest and altar servers in call-and-response format, as part of prayers at the foot of the altar which initiated the Mass of the Catechumens. It is not said at Requiem Masses and Masses in Passiontide, as the fifth Sunday in Lent instead has the psalm for its Introit. Recitation of this psalm at the start of Mass was discontinued in 1964, with the Instruction on Implementing Liturgical Norms, Inter Oecumenici.

In the present Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 43 is recited or sung at Lauds on the Tuesday of the second week in the four-week psalter.

Coptic Orthodox Church

In the Agpeya, the Coptic Church's book of hours, this psalm is prayed in the office of Terce. It is also in the Prayer of the Veil, which is generally prayed only by monks.

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the evening of the eighth day of the month.

Text

The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text come from different textual traditions.A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be found here or here, and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be found here. Both translations are in the public domain. In the Septuagint, this psalm is numbered Psalm 42.

#HebrewEnglishGreek
1Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation: O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man.Ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυΐδ. - ΚΡΙΝΟΝ με, ὁ Θεός, καὶ δίκασον τὴν δίκην μου ἐξ ἔθνους οὐχ ὁσίου· ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἀδίκου καὶ δολίου ῥῦσαί με.
2For thou art the God of my strength: why dost thou cast me off? why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ Θεὸς κραταίωμά μου· ἱνατί ἀπώσω με; καὶ ἱνατί σκυθρωπάζων πορεύομαι ἐν τῷ ἐκθλίβειν τὸν ἐχθρόν μου;
3O send out thy light and thy truth: let them lead me; let them bring me unto thy holy hill, and to thy tabernacles.ἐξαπόστειλον τὸ φῶς σου καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειάν σου· αὐτά με ὡδήγησαν καὶ ἤγαγόν με εἰς ὄρος ἅγιόν σου καὶ εἰς τὰ σκηνώματά σου.
4Then will I go unto the altar of God, unto God my exceeding joy: yea, upon the harp will I praise thee, O God my God.καὶ εἰσελεύσομαι πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ, πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν τὸν εὐφραίνοντα τὴν νεότητά μου· ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι ἐν κιθάρᾳ, ὁ Θεός, ὁ Θεός μου.
5Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? hope in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God.ἱνατί περίλυπος εἶ, ἡ ψυχή μου; καὶ ἱνατί συνταράσσεις με; ἔλπισον ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν, ὅτι ἐξομολογήσομαι αὐτῷ· σωτήριον τοῦ προσώπου μου καὶ ὁ Θεός μου.

Verse 1

:Vindicate me, O God, :And plead my cause against an ungodly nation; :Oh, deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man! "An ungodly nation" comes from words literally meaning a nation without Chesed, meaning kindness or love between people. Alexander Kirkpatrick notes that the "deceitful and unjust man" may be the leader of this nation, who may have "distinguished himself by treachery and malignity", but "it is better to understand the words collectively as a further description of the 'inhuman nation' in general, men of deceit and malignity".

Latin translations

Clementine Vulgate

The Clementine Vulgate was officially adopted as part of the Roman Breviary in 1592. The complete psalm is used in dialogue form in the prayers at the foot of the altar, which almost always begin the Tridentine Mass.

Pian translation

The Pian psalter or Versio Piana was completed in 1945 and printed in most breviaries thereafter.

Nova Vulgata

The Nova Vulgata, a new translation from the Hebrew was completed in 1979 for liturgical use. It is the version used in the current typical edition of the Liturgia Horarum.

Stuttgart Vulgate

The Stuttgart Vulgate, completed in 1969, is a non-liturgical version translated for scholarly use.

Musical settings

Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase in German, "Gott, führ mein Sach und richte mich", SWV 140, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628. Michel Richard Delalande wrote a grand motet (S.38) to this psalm in 1693. Charles-Hubert Gervais set a Grand motet Judica me Deus in 1723.

Notes

References

References

  1. "Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 42 (43)".
  2. (2018). "Book 2: Chapters 42–72". [[Chabad.
  3. Rodd, C. S., ''18. Psalms'' in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary] {{Webarchive. link. (2017-11-22 , p. 360)
  4. (2003). "Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique".
  5. bloomingtonlms. (2015-04-24). "A brief walkthrough of the Mass: The Prayers at the Foot of the Altar".
  6. (1964-09-26). "''Inter Oecumenici'': Instruction on Implementing Liturgical Norms".
  7. "Terce". agpeya.org.
  8. "Veil". agpeya.org.
  9. Church of England, [https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/The%20Book%20of%20Common%20Prayer%201662.pdf Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter] as printed by [[John Baskerville]] in 1762, pp. 196ff
  10. "Psalms – Chapter 43". Mechon Mamre.
  11. "Psalms 43 - JPS 1917". [[Sefaria.
  12. "Psalm 42 - Septuagint and Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Ellopos.
  13. {{bibleverse. Psalm. 43:1. NKJV: [[New King James Version]]
  14. Kirkpatrick, A. (1906), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/psalms/43.htm Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges] on Psalm 43, accessed 8 November 2021
  15. "iBreviary".
  16. "LIBER PSALMORUM - Nova Vulgata, Vetus Testamentum".
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