Psalm 118

Theme and structure

This psalm is centered on God, in a movement that expresses gratitude, admiration, joy and praise. In the King James Version, the Lord is mentioned in almost every verse.

Uses

New Testament

Parts of this Psalm were extensively quoted by Jesus and writers of the New Testament.

• Verse 6 is quoted in Hebrews
• Verses 22-23 are quoted in Matthew. Jesus said to them (the chief priests and the elders of the people), "Have you never read in the Scriptures: "'The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; this was the Lord's doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes'?" Opposition and difficulties are seen in this Psalm but in the midst of it God will display His salvation.
• In the Gospels, Jesus is welcomed on his triumphal entry into Jerusalem by crowds quoting verses 25-26: :"Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!"

Judaism

Psalm 118 is the last of the so-called Egyptian Hallel. It is read on the days of recitation of the hallel.

• It is one of six psalms (113-118) of which Hallel is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety, with the final ten verses being recited twice.
• Verse 1 is recited by some following Psalm 126 preceding Birkat Hamazon.
• Verse 5 is recited prior to the Shofar blowing on Rosh Hashanah.
• Verses 5-9 are part of Tashlikh.
• Verse 24 may be a source of the Israeli song Hava Nagila.
• Verse 25 is part of the long Tachanun recited on Mondays and Thursdays.
• Verse 27 is the source to the name isru chag.

Catholic Church

This text was chosen by Saint Benedict of Nursia towards 530, as the third psalm for the solemn office of Sunday Lauds (Rule of Saint Benedict, chapter XI10).

Psalm 118 (117) is now read in the Liturgy of the Hours every Sunday of the first and third weeks, at the office of Sext.

Psalm 118 is also closely associated with Eastertide, and is typically sung at the Easter Vigil and morning Mass on Easter Sunday. The gradual for Easter is based on verse 24, Haec dies quam fecit Dominus. As a result, many compositions are based on this textual fragment.

Anglicanism

An extract from verse 23 is inscribed on several English coins, with the text of the Vulgate: a Domino factum est istud hoc est mirabile in oculis nostris. Upon her accession to the throne, Elizabeth I of England is said to have pronounced this same verse, also in Latin, as quoted in the New Testament: A Domino factum est illud et est mirabile in oculis nostris.

Urban Legend

There is an extremely widespread urban legend which claims that Psalm 118 is the central chapter of the entire bible. This is neither relevant nor true. It is not relevant, because the chapters and verses of the bible are an addition made to the bible in the 13th century (chapters) and 16th century (verses). It is not true for various reasons:

• most modern Protestant bibles are missing almost 200 chapters and thousands of verses which were present when the chapter divisions were made.
• the urban legend states that the bible has 1,189 chapters, which is correct for some versions of the bible, but the author of the urban legend miscalculated the position of Psalm 118, counting 594 before Psalm 118 and 594 after, whereas even in modern abridged editions of the King James Bible there are actually 595 chapters before Psalm 118 and 593 after.
• the 1611 King James Bible and authorized unabridged versions of the KJV have a total of 1,361 chapters.
• the bible translated by Martin Luther has 1,342 chapters.
• Bibles published in other countries and languages place the books in different orders. The same urban legend identifies Psalm 118 verse 8 as the central verse of the entire bible. For all the reasons stated above, and others, this is also not true.--

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the twenty-fourth day of the month, as well as at Evensong on Easter Day.

Coptic Orthodox Church

In the Agpeya, the Coptic Church's book of hours, this psalm is prayed in the office of Vespers and the first watch of the Midnight office.

Musical settings

The hymn in German "Nun saget Dank und lobt den Herren" is a paraphrase of Psalm 118. It has been set to music by various composers.

Heinrich Schütz composed a metred paraphrase of the psalm in German, "Laßt uns Gott, unserm Herren", SWV 216, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.

The beginning of the psalm was set by Goran Trajkoski for a production, Eternal House, at the Macedonian National Theatre.

The 22nd line of the Psalm is referenced in the opening theme to The Boondocks by the artist Asheru where the singer proclaims "I am the stone that the builder refused" in the very first line.

The hymn, „Ihmadou al-rab (احمدوا الرب)” is written in Arabic to this psalm.

Text

The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text come from different textual traditions.A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be found here or here, and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be found here. Both translations are in the public domain. In the Septuagint, this psalm is numbered Psalm 117.

Verse 1

:Oh, give thanks to the Lord, for He is good! ::For His mercy endures forever. The same words appear in verse 29, where the psalm ends. These two verses have therefore been identified as an inclusio, possibly expressing the psalmist's intention.

Verse 5

: I called on the Lord in distress; :: The Lord answered me and set me in a large place. Instead of "a large place" or "a broad place", many translations state the "set me free".

Verse 14

:The Lord is my strength and song, :And He has become my salvation. These words are paralleled in the Song of Moses and are used by the prophet Isaiah.

Most translations have translated zimrah as "song", its usual meaning. However, the Greek Septuagint translation of the parallel passage of Exodus 15:2 merely translated it as The Lord being "my protector", making no reference to song. Further, inscriptions in Ancient South Arabian, a dialect cognate of Biblical Hebrew, seem to sometimes use zimrah to mean "might" or "power", suggesting an alternative translation as "The Lord is my strength and might".

Verse 22

: The stone which the builders rejected :: Has become the chief cornerstone.

Verse 23

: This was the Lord’s doing; :: It is marvelous in our eyes.

Notes

References

References

1. [http://medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps117.htm Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 117 (118)] {{webarchive. link. (2017-05-07 medievalist.net)
2. Kirkpatrick, A. F.. (1901). "The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes". At the University Press.
3. D’après le ''Complete ArtScroll Siddur'', compilation des prières juives, {{p.. 131.
4. [[John Calvin]], ''Commentaire des psaumes'', 1557.
5. The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 638-40
6. The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 183
7. The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah, page 435
8. The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 771.
9. The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 131
10. Rabbi [[Eliezer Melamed]], [https://ph.yhb.org.il/en/12-02-13/ Isru chag] in [[Peninei Halakha]]
11. [[Prosper Guéranger]], Traduction par Dom ([[Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes]], réimpression 2007) p.40.
12. [http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/On-This-Day--Elizabeth-I-Is-Crowned-Queen-of-England.html On This Day: Elizabeth I Becomes Queen of England], 10 November 2010
13. Church of England, [https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/The%20Book%20of%20Common%20Prayer%201662.pdf Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter] as printed by [[John Baskerville]] in 1762, pp. 286-287 {{Archive url. link. (2020-06-19)
14. "The Book of Common Prayer: Proper Psalms On Certain Days".
15. "Vespers". agpeya.org.
16. "Midnight". agpeya.org.
17. [https://soundcloud.com/goran-trajkoski/psalm-118 (118 Псалм Давидов)]
18. [https://genius.com/Asheru-the-boondocks-theme-song-lyrics (Boondocks Opening Theme)]
19. "Psalms – Chapter 118". Mechon Mamre.
20. "Psalms 118 - JPS 1917". [[Sefaria.
21. "Psalm 117 - Septuagint and Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Ellopos.
22. {{bibleverse. Psalm. 118:5. NKJV: New King James Version
23. Rodd, C., S., ''18. Psalms'', in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://web.archive.org/web/20171102094409/http://b-ok.org/book/946961/0df02a The Oxford Bible Commentary], p. xxx, archived on 2 November 2017
24. {{bibleverse. Psalm. 118:5. NKJV: NKJV
25. E.g. {{bibleverse. Psalm. 118:5. RSV in the [[Revised Standard Version]]
26. {{bibleverse. Psalm. 118:14. NKJV NKJV
27. "Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary, Isaiah 12". Bible Hub.
28. (1991). "The Making of the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible". Eerdmans.
29. {{bibleverse. Psalm. 118:22. NKJV
30. {{bibleverse. Psalm. 118:23. NKJV