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Psalm 10

Biblical psalm

Biblical psalm

FieldValue
namePsalm 10
subtitle"Why standest thou afar off, O LORD?"
imageElzevir bible.jpg
image_upright1.2
captionEnd of Psalm 10 in the 9th-century Elzevir Bible
other_name{{plainlist
textby David
languageHebrew (original)
  • Psalm 9b
  • "Ut quid Domine recessisti" Psalm 10 is the tenth psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Why standest thou afar off, O LORD? why hidest thou thyself in times of trouble?" In the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, it is not an individual psalm but the second part of psalm 9, "Ut quid Domine recessisti". These two consecutive psalms have the form of a single acrostic Hebrew poem. Compared to Psalm 9, Psalm 10 is focused more on the individual than the collective human condition.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.

Context

Psalm 8 reflects on man's special place in creation. In contrast, both psalms 9 and 10 will end with statements setting mankind in a more negative light in the final verses of each. Psalm 9 closes with the phase "Put them in fear, O Lord: that the nations may know themselves to be but men, selah" Psalm 9:20 and Psalm 10:18 closes Psalm 10 with "...that the man of the earth may no more oppress." Some speculate that the final word of Psalm 9, selah, possibly meaning "a pause", might link the two psalms 9 and 10 together.

Taken together, Psalms 9 and 10 comprise a continuous acrostic psalm in the Hebrew alphabet. Some texts, such as the Septuagint, combine them. They also contrast as Psalm 9 is more victorious and 10 more of a lament.

Text

The following table shows the Hebrew text of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text come from different textual traditions.A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be found here or here, and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be found here. Both translations are in the public domain. In the Septuagint, this is not a separate psalm, but the second half of Psalm 9.

#HebrewEnglishGreek
1Why standest thou afar off, O LORD? why hidest thou thyself in times of trouble?῾Ινατί, Κύριε, ἀφέστηκας μακρόθεν, ὑπερορᾷς ἐν εὐκαιρίαις ἐν θλίψεσιν;
2The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor: let them be taken in the devices that they have imagined.ἐν τῷ ὑπερηφανεύεσθαι τὸν ἀσεβῆ ἐμπυρίζεται ὁ πτωχός, συλλαμβάνονται ἐν διαβουλίοις, οἷς διαλογίζονται.
3For the wicked boasteth of his heart's desire, and blesseth the covetous, whom the LORD abhorreth.ὅτι ἐπαινεῖται ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὁ ἀδικῶν ἐνευλογεῖται·
4The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his thoughts.παρώξυνε τὸν Κύριον ὁ ἁμαρτωλός· κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐκζητήσει· οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Θεὸς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ.
5His ways are always grievous; thy judgments are far above out of his sight: as for all his enemies, he puffeth at them.βεβηλοῦνται αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ, ἀνταναιρεῖται τὰ κρίματά σου ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ, πάντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ κατακυριεύσει·
6He hath said in his heart, I shall not be moved: for I shall never be in adversity.εἶπε γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· οὐ μὴ σαλευθῶ, ἀπὸ γενεᾶς εἰς γενεὰν ἄνευ κακοῦ.
7His mouth is full of cursing and deceit and fraud: under his tongue is mischief and vanity.οὗ ἀρᾶς τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ γέμει καὶ πικρίας καὶ δόλου, ὑπὸ τὴν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ κόπος καὶ πόνος.
8He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages: in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privily set against the poor.ἐγκάθηται ἐνέδρᾳ μετὰ πλουσίων, ἐν ἀποκρύφοις τοῦ ἀποκτεῖναι ἀθῷον· οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν πένητα ἀποβλέπουσιν·
9He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, when he draweth him into his net.ἐνεδρεύει ἐν ἀποκρύφῳ ὡς λέων ἐν τῇ μάνδρᾳ αὐτοῦ, ἐνεδρεύει τοῦ ἁρπάσαι πτωχόν, ἁρπάσαι πτωχὸν ἐν τῷ ἑλκύσαι αὐτόν·
10He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones.ἐν τῇ παγίδι αὐτοῦ ταπεινώσει αὐτόν, κύψει καὶ πεσεῖται ἐν τῷ αὐτὸν κατακυριεῦσαι τῶν πενήτων.
11He hath said in his heart, God hath forgotten: he hideth his face; he will never see it.εἶπε γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· ἐπιλέλησται ὁ Θεός, ἀπέστρεψε τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν εἰς τέλος.
12Arise, O LORD; O God, lift up thine hand: forget not the humble.ἀνάστηθι, Κύριε ὁ Θεός μου, ὑψωθήτω ἡ χείρ σου, μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ τῶν πενήτων.
13Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God? he hath said in his heart, Thou wilt not require it.ἕνεκεν τίνος παρώργισεν ὁ ἀσεβὴς τὸν Θεόν; εἶπε γὰρ ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· οὐκ ἐκζητήσει.
14Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to requite it with thy hand: the poor committeth himself unto thee; thou art the helper of the fatherless.βλέπεις, ὅτι σὺ πόνον καὶ θυμὸν κατανοεῖς τοῦ παραδοῦναι αὐτοὺς εἰς χεῖράς σου· σοὶ ἐγκαταλέλειπται ὁ πτωχός, ὀρφανῷ σὺ ᾖσθα βοηθός.
15Break thou the arm of the wicked and the evil man: seek out his wickedness till thou find none.σύντριψον τὸν βραχίονα τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ καὶ πονηροῦ, ζητηθήσεται ἡ ἁμαρτία αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ.
16The LORD is King for ever and ever: the heathen are perished out of his land.βασιλεύσει Κύριος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, ἀπολεῖσθε ἔθνη ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ.
17LORD, thou hast heard the desire of the humble: thou wilt prepare their heart, thou wilt cause thine ear to hear:τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τῶν πενήτων εἰσήκουσε Κύριος, τὴν ἑτοιμασίαν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν προσέσχε τὸ οὖς σου
18To judge the fatherless and the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress.κρῖναι ὀρφανῷ καὶ ταπεινῷ, ἵνα μὴ προσθῇ ἔτι μεγαλαυχεῖν ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.

Uses

Judaism

  • This psalm is recited during the Ten Days of Repentance in some traditions.
  • Verse 16 forms parts of the eighth and ninth verses of Yehi Kivod in Pesukei Dezimra, part of Baruch Hashem L'Olam in Maariv, and part of the Bedtime Shema.
  • Verse 17 is found in the repetition of the Amidah during Rosh Hashanah.

New Testament

  • Verses 7 is quoted in Romans

Catholic Church

According to the Rule of St. Benedict (530 AD), Psalm 1 to Psalm 20 were mainly reserved for the Office of Prime. Psalm 9 is sung in the Latin version translated from the Greek Septuagint, and therefore includes Psalm 10, as noted above. Benedict had divided this Psalm 9/10 in two parts, one sung to the end of the Office of Prime Tuesday () and the other ( and ) is the first of the three readings on Wednesday. In other words, the first verses of Psalm 9 until "Quoniam non in finem erit oblivio pauperis: patientia pauperum non peribit in finem," formed the third and final Prime Psalm from Tuesday, the second part of the Psalm (Vulgate according to his view) was recited as the first psalm of the Office of Prime Wednesday.

Traditionally Psalms 9 and 10 were recited as the seventh Psalms of Sunday Matins.

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the second day of the month.

Musical settings

Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase of Psalm 10 in German, "Wie meinst du's doch, ach Herr, mein Gott", SWV 106, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.

Notes

References

References

  1. "Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 9".
  2. The Artscroll Tehillim page 16
  3. "Bible Gateway passage: Psalm 9 - King James Version".
  4. "Bible Gateway passage: Psalm 10 - King James Version".
  5. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, [https://bibliaparalela.com/hebrew/5542.htm 5542: selah], accessed 15 July 2020
  6. "Psalms – Chapter 10". Mechon Mamre.
  7. "Psalms 10 - JPS 1917". [[Sefaria.
  8. "Psalm 9 - Septuagint and Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Ellopos.
  9. The Artscroll Tehillim, page 329
  10. The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 67
  11. The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 267
  12. The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 293
  13. The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah, page 345
  14. Kirkpatrick, A. F.. (1901). "The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes". At the University Press.
  15. Traduction par [[Prosper Guéranger]], ''Règle de saint Benoît,'' (Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007)p46.
  16. The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.
  17. Church of England, [https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/The%20Book%20of%20Common%20Prayer%201662.pdf Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter] as printed by [[John Baskerville]] in 1762, pp. 201-202
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