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Protestant Reformers

Theologians who brought about the Reformation

Protestant Reformers
Summary

Theologians who brought about the Reformation

Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.

Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.

Notable precursors

Main article: Proto-Protestantism

Throughout the Middle Ages, according to Edmund Hamer Broadbent, there were a number of Christian movements that sought a return to what they perceived as the purity of the Apostolic church and whose teachings foreshadowed Protestant ideas.

  • Claudius of Turin
  • Gottschalk of Orbais
  • Berengar of Tours
  • Peter Waldo
  • Lorenzo Valla
  • Wessel Gansfort
  • Girolamo Savonarola
  • Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples
  • John Wycliffe
  • Jan Hus

Magisterial Reformers

Oecolampadius]]) and the representatives of the Catholic Church]]There were a number of key reformers within the [[Magisterial Reformation]], including:

Lutheran

  • Martin Luther
  • Philipp Melanchthon
  • Justus Jonas
  • Martin Chemnitz
  • Georg Spalatin
  • Joachim Westphal
  • Andreas Osiander
  • Johannes Brenz
  • Johannes Bugenhagen
  • Andreas Karlstadt, later a Radical Reformer
  • Hans Tausen
  • Mikael Agricola
  • Primož Trubar
  • Jiří Třanovský

Reformed

  • Huldrych Zwingli
  • Martin Bucer
  • John Calvin
  • Heinrich Bullinger
  • Theodore Beza
  • William Farel
  • John Knox
  • Wolfgang Capito
  • Johannes Oecolampadius
  • Peter Martyr Vermigli
  • Leo Jud
  • Matthias Devay
  • Jacobus Arminius
  • Thomas Helwys

Anglican

  • Thomas Cranmer
  • Thomas Cromwell
  • Matthew Parker
  • William Tyndale
  • Hugh Latimer
  • Richard Hooker

Radical Reformers

Important reformers of the Radical Reformation included:

Anabaptist

  • Thomas Müntzer
  • Zwickau prophets
  • John of Leiden
  • Menno Simons
  • Dirk Willems

Schwenkfelder

  • Kaspar Schwenkfeld

Unitarian

  • Ferenc Dávid
  • Michael Servetus

Second Front Reformers

There were also a number of people who initially cooperated with the Radical Reformers, but separated from them to form a "Second Front", principally in objection to sacralism. Among these were:

Anabaptist

  • Johannes Bünderlin
  • Hans Denck
  • Christian Entfelder
  • Conrad Grebel
  • Balthasar Hubmaier
  • Felix Manz

Counter-Reformers

Catholics who actively opposed the Reformation and partook in the Counter-Reformation include:

  • Girolamo Aleandro
  • Augustine Alveld
  • Thomas Cajetan
  • Johann Cochlaeus
  • Johann Eck
  • Jerome Emser
  • Pope Leo X
  • Thomas More
  • Ignatius of Loyola
  • Francis de Sales
  • Pope Paul III
  • Pope Pius V
  • Charles Borromeo
  • Francis Xavier
  • Peter Faber
  • Diego Laynez

References

References

  1. Broadbent, E.H.. (1931). "The Pilgrim Church". Pickering & Inglis.
  2. (13 March 1997). "The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition". Oxford University Press.
  3. "Gottschalk Of Orbais {{!}} Roman Catholic theologian".
  4. caryslmbrown. (2017-07-18). "Reformation parallels: the case of Gottschalk of Orbais".
  5. Lockridge, Kenneth R.. "Gottschalk "Fulgentius" of Orbais".
  6. Minton, Gretchen E.. (2014-01-26). "John Bale's 'The Image of Both Churches'". Springer Science & Business Media.
  7. Siebeck, Mohr. (11 March 2016). "Prophecy, Piety, and the Problem of Historicity: Interpreting the Hebrew".
  8. (1998). "The Grail Legend". Princeton University Press.
  9. "Pierre Valdo (1140-1217) and the Waldenses".
  10. "Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library".
  11. (2016). "The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin". Pharos Journal of Theology.
  12. {{Cite EB1911
  13. "Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library".
  14. "Lollard {{!}} English religious history".
  15. "Jan Hus (1369-1415) and the Hussite wars (1419-1436)".
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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