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Promazine

Chemical compound

Promazine
Summary

Chemical compound

| Drugs.com = | elimination_half-life = 20-40 hr

Promazine (brand name Sparine among others), Its approved uses in people is limited, but is used as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine. It has weak antipsychotic effects but is generally not used to treat psychosis.

It acts similar to chlorpromazine and causes sedation. It has predominantly anticholinergic side effects, though extrapyramidal side effects are not uncommon. It belongs to the typical antipsychotic and phenothiazine class of drugs.

Promazine was approved for medical use in the United States in the 1950s, although it is no longer commercially available there.

Uses

Promazine is a short-term add-on treatment for psychomotor agitation.

Adverse effects

Common side effects include agitation, amenorrhea, arrhythmias, constipation, drowsiness and dizziness, dry mouth, impotence, tiredness, galactorrhoea, gynecomastia, hyperglycemia, insomnia, hypotension, prolonged QT, seizures, tremor, vomiting and weight gain, among others.

Overdose

In overdose, it may cause hypotension, hypothermia, tachycardia, and arrhythmia.

Sudden death may occur, although rare.

Other animals

Promazine, given as promazine hydrochloride, is one of the primary tranquilizers used by veterinarians as a pre-anaesthesia injection in horses. It does not provide analgesia and is not a very strong sedative, hence it is used combined with opioids or α2 adrenoreceptor agonists, such as clonidine, or both. It can be used alone when performing a non-painful procedure such as the fitting a horseshoe. Low blood pressure, fast heart rate and paralysis of the penis are side effects. It is also an antiemetic, antispasmodic and hypothermic agent. Additionally it is used to lower blood pressure in animals with laminitis and kidney failure. It is available in the US for veterinary use under the names Promazine and Tranquazine.

Synthesis

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References

References

  1. Anvisa. (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial". [[Diário Oficial da União]].
  2. (2007). "X ''Pharm'': The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference". Elsevier.
  3. (1999). "Psychologist's Neuropsychotropic Desk Reference". Brunner/Mazel.
  4. "Promazine (Primazine, Prozine)". Davis's Drug Guide.
  5. "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
  6. "BNF".
  7. (2007). "Techniques in Large Animal Surgery". Blackwell Publishing.
  8. (20 January 2014). "Promazine". Equimed - Horse Health Matters.
  9. (2019). "Equine Surgery". Elsevier.
  10. (August 1958). "[The pharmacological action of promazine]". Arzneimittel-Forschung.
  11. (February 1980). "Synthetic applications and mechanism of the pyrolysis of phenothiazine carbamates". The Journal of Organic Chemistry.
  12. (1984). "N -Dimethylaminopropylation in a Solid-Liquid Two Phase System: Synthesis of Chlorpromazine, its Analogs, and Related Compounds". Synthesis.
  13. {{cite patent
  14. {{cite patent
  15. (15 February 2008). "Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Approach to Promazine with Formation of One Carbon–Sulfur and Two Carbon–Nitrogen Bonds". Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
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dimethylamino-compounds m1-receptor-antagonists m2-receptor-antagonists phenothiazines typical-antipsychotics
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