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Principality of Galilee

Fief in crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem

Summary

Fief in crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem

Field	Value
conventional_long_name	Principality of Galilee
common_name	Galilee
era	High Middle Ages
status	Vassal of Kingdom of Jerusalem
event_start	First Crusade
year_start	1099
event_end	Conquered by Saladin
year_end	1187
p1	Fatimid Caliphate
s1	Ayyubid dynasty
image_flag	Vexillum Regni Hierosolymae.svg
flag_caption	Flag
image_map	Principado de Galileen.jpg
image_map_caption	Galilee in 1187
capital	Tiberias
common_languages	Latin, Old French, Italian (also Arabic and Greek)
religion	Roman Catholicism, Greek Orthodoxy, Syriac Orthodoxy, Islam, Judaism
government_type	Feudal monarchy
leader1	Tancred
year_leader1	1099–1101
leader2	Raymond III
year_leader2	1174–1187
title_leader	Prince

The principality of Galilee was one of the four major seigneuries of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin, grandson of Balian. The direct holdings of the principality centred around Tiberias, in Galilee proper, but with all its vassals, the lordship covered all Galilee (now Israel) and southern Phoenicia (today Lebanon). The independent Lordship of Sidon was located between Galilee's holdings. The principality also had its own vassals, the lordships of Nazareth and Haifa.

The principality was established, at least in name, in 1099 when Tancred was given Tiberias, Haifa, and Bethsan by Godfrey of Bouillon. In 1101, Baldwin I limited Tancred's power by giving Haifa to Geldemar Carpenel, and Tancred was forced to give up the principality and become regent in Antioch. The principality became the fief of the families of St. Omer, Montfaucon (Falcomberques), and then Bures, and its main seat was in Tiberias; thus it was sometimes also called the Principality of Tiberias or the Tiberiad. The principality was destroyed by Saladin in 1187, although the title was used by relatives and younger sons of the kings of Cyprus (the titular kings of Jerusalem) afterwards, and some of its former holdings were briefly reclaimed by a treaty made during the Barons' Crusade.

List of princes of Galilee

Italicized names are of titular princes.

Tancred (1099–1101)
Hugh of Fauquembergues (1101–1106)
Gervaise de Bazoches (1106–1108)
Tancred, again (1109–1112)
Joscelin I of Courtenay (1112–1119)
William I of Bures (1120–1141)
Elinand (1142–1148)
William II of Bures (1148–1158)
Walter of Saint Omer (1159–1171), first husband of Eschiva of Bures
Raymond III of Tripoli (1174–1187) with his wife Eschiva of Bures
Hugh II of Saint Omer (1187–1204)
Raoul of Saint Omer (1204–1219)
Eschiva of Saint Omer (1219–after 1265) with her husband Odo of Montbéliard (1219–1247); 1240–1247 as ruling Princes
Balian d'Ibelin (?–1316), Prince of Galilee and Bethlehem, son of Philip of Ibelin (died 1304) (?–1316)
Bohemund of Lusignan (c. 1280)
Guy of Lusignan (c. 1320–1343), son of Hugh IV of Cyprus
Hugh of Lusignan (1343–1386), son of Guy of Lusignan
John of Brie
Henry of Lusignan (?–1427), son of James I of Cyprus
Philippe of Lusignan (?–ca 1466), son of Henry of Lusignan

Lordship of Nazareth

Nazareth was the original site of the Latin patriarch, established by Tancred. It was created as a seigneury in Galilee in 1115. A Martin of Nazareth, who probably acted as viscount of Nazareth, is documented in 1115 and in 1130/1131.

References

Sources

John L. La Monte, Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100-1291. The Medieval Academy of America, 1932.
Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. The Macmillan Press, 1973.
Steven Tibble, Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291. Clarendon Press, 1989.

References

W.), Edbury, P. W. (Peter. (1997). "John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem". Boydell Press.
Edbury, P. W. (Peter W. ). (1997). "John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem". Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK; Rochester, NY, USA : Boydell Press.
Murray, Alan, ''The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History 1099-1125'' (Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, Oxford, 2000) p. 217.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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