Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark

Early life

Marina was born on 13 December 1906 in Athens, Greece, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, George I of Greece. Her father was the third son of George I of Greece and Queen Olga, while her mother was the only daughter of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia. Her father was a grandson of Christian IX of Denmark, while her mother was a granddaughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.

Marina had two elder sisters, Princess Olga and Princess Elizabeth. Olga married Prince Paul of Yugoslavia in 1923. After the assassination of his cousin, Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Paul served as Prince Regent of Yugoslavia from 1934 to 1941. Elizabeth married Carl Theodor, Count of Toeering-Jettenbach in 1934. One of their paternal uncles was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, the father of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (making Marina and her sisters Philip's first cousins).

Marina spent her early years in Greece, and lived with her parents and paternal grandparents at Tatoi Palace. Along with her sisters, she was raised to be devout and religious, which was encouraged by her grandmother, Queen Olga of Greece. Marina's family travelled outside of Greece often, especially during the summer months. Her first recorded visit to Britain was in 1910, when she was 3, after the death of her godfather, Edward VII. During that visit, she met her other godmother and future mother-in-law, Queen Mary, who treated Marina and her sisters like her own children.

The Greek royal family was forced into exile when Marina was 11, following the overthrow of the Greek monarchy. They later moved to Paris, while the Princess stayed with her extended family throughout Europe.

Marriage and children

Wedding ceremony

In 1932, Marina and Prince George (later the Duke of Kent), a second cousin through Christian IX of Denmark, met in London. Their betrothal was announced in August 1934. George was created Duke of Kent on 9 October 1934. On 29 November 1934, they married at Westminster Abbey, London. The wedding was a grand affair, as it had been more than eleven years since the last royal wedding with Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). The wedding of George and Marina was the first royal wedding ceremony to be broadcast by wireless, and with the use of other technology, such as microphones—the control room was located underneath the Unknown Warrior's tomb of Westminster Abbey. The service was broadcast locally and abroad to other nations, and loudspeakers allowed spectators from outside the Abbey to hear the proceedings. The wedding was followed by a Greek ceremony in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace, which was converted into an Orthodox chapel for the ceremony. The wedding was the most recent occasion on which a princess from another royal family married into the British royal family.

Married life

The Duke and Duchess set up their first home at 3 Belgrave Square, close to Buckingham Palace. She became a patroness of several organizations and charities, including the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, the Women's Hospital Fund, and the Central School of Speech and Drama. She would continue to support these charities and institutions for the rest of her life. She became very close to her mother-in-law, Queen Mary, with whom she would usually spend time while her husband was off performing his own royal duties.

The couple had three children:

• Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (born 9 October 1935). He married Katharine Worsley on 8 June 1961. They had three children.
• Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (born 25 December 1936). She married the Hon. Angus Ogilvy, son of David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie and Lady Alexandra Coke, on 24 April 1963. They had two children.
• Prince Michael of Kent (born 4 July 1942). He married Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz on 30 June 1978. They have two children.

The Duke of Kent was killed on 25 August 1942, in an airplane crash at Eagle's Rock, near Dunbeath, Caithness, Scotland, while on active service with the Royal Air Force. The Duchess, according to royal biographer Hugo Vickers, was "the only war widow in Britain whose estate was forced to pay death duties".

During World War II, Marina was trained as a nurse for three months under the pseudonym "Sister Kay" and joined the civil nurse reserve.

Later life and death

After her husband's death, the Duchess of Kent continued to be an active member of the British royal family, carrying out a wide range of royal and official engagements. She was the president of the Wimbledon All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club for 26 years.

In 1947, Marina visited Greece and Italy. In June 1952 the Duchess laid the foundation stone of the new St Mark's Church in Bromley, London, which had been damaged in the war.

In 1952, the Duchess also visited Sarawak (then a British Crown Colony), where she laid the foundation stone of the Cathedral of St Thomas in Kuching. She also visited the Batu Lintang camp, a Japanese internment camp during World War II which had been converted to a teacher training college, and the city of Sibu, where she opened the outpatient department of the Lau Kheng Howe Hospital.

In 1954 Marina was granted an Apartment at Kensington Palace as a permanent grace-and-favour residence in London. During her early widowhood Marina had often stayed with her mother-in-law Queen Mary at the latter's London Residence at Marlborough House; however the old Queen's death in 1953 had created a need for Marina to have a London base on her own. The Apartment had stood vacant for nearly fifteen years, having previously been the home of Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll prior to her death in 1939. Louise's apartment was deemed too large for Marina's needs, its eastern half was divided to create Apartment 1A. The budget for the conversion and renovation works was budgeted at £80,000 but ultimately cost £127,000. During the works, Marina was reportedly on the verge of removing an original Wren staircase inside Apartment 1, finding it "too much like a servant's staircase", and too narrow for descending in full evening dress; the staircase was preserved after palace officials intervened to prevent its destruction. Marina and her three children took up residence in October 1955, and Apartment 1 continued to be her home until her death in 1968.

In March 1957, when the Gold Coast achieved independence from Britain as Ghana, the Duchess of Kent was appointed to represent the Queen at the celebrations. Fifty years later, at the 50th anniversary of Ghana's independence, her son, Edward, Duke of Kent, was appointed by the Queen to represent her.

Marina earned a place in the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1960 together with the Princess of Monaco, Patricia Lopez-Willshaw and Merle Oberon. In 1964, she took an extensive tour of Australia and officially opened Gladesville Bridge in Sydney.

In September and October 1966, when the British Protectorates of Bechuanaland and Basutoland became the new Republic of Botswana and the Kingdom of Lesotho respectively, Marina was appointed again to represent the Queen at both celebrations. The main public hospital in Gaborone, the new Botswana's capital, is named "Princess Marina Hospital". She was the Chancellor of the University of Kent at Canterbury from 1963 until her death.

Marina died of a brain tumour at Kensington Palace at 11:40 am on 27 August 1968, aged 61. She was buried in the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore. Her funeral was the last royal ceremony attended by her brother-in-law, the former king Edward VIII. Marina's will was sealed in London after her death. Her estate was valued at £76,166 (equivalent to £940,600 in 2022).

Legacy

Princess Marina gave her name to many facilities, including:

• Princess Marina College, Arborfield, Berkshire
• Princess Marina House, a facility of the Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund at Rustington.
• Princess Marina Hospital, Upton, Northamptonshire
• Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
• Princess Marina Sports Complex, Rickmansworth.
• Duchess of Kent Hospital, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
• Institute of Teacher Education Kent Campus, Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia

References in popular culture

• The Kinks recorded "She's Bought a Hat Like Princess Marina" for their 1969 album Arthur (or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire). The song was written by Ray Davies.
• In 2017, Clare Holman portrayed Princess Marina in the season 2 finale of The Crown.

Titles, styles, honours, and arms

Titles and styles

Marina was known as the Princess Marina of Greece. Upon marriage she became known as Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Kent, and was later titled Her Royal Highness The Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent.

Honours

Commonwealth

• GCStJ: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 1935
• CI: Companion of the Order of the Crown of India, 1937
• GBE: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, 1937
• GCVO: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 1948
• Recipient of the King George VI Coronation Medal
• Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
• Royal Family Order of King George V
• Royal Family Order of King George VI
• Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II

Foreign

• AUT Grand Decoration in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria

Dynastic

• Russian Empire House of Romanov: Dame Grand Cordon of the Imperial Order of Saint Catherine
• Kingdom of Greece Kingdom of Greece: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Family Order of Saints Olga and Sophia

Honorary military appointments

;Canada

• CAN Colonel-in-Chief, The Essex and Kent Scottish (1942 – 1968)

;United Kingdom

• UK Colonel-in-Chief, of The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment
• UK Colonel-in-Chief, of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
• UK Honorary Colonel, of the Buckinghamshire Battalion, The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
• UK Honorary Colonel, of the Buckinghamshire Regiment, RA (Territorials)
• UK Commandant, Women's Royal Naval Service (1940–1968) (Chief Commandant from 1951)

Arms

|File:Coat of Arms of Marina of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Kent.svg|Coat of arms of Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent |File:Royal Monogram of Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Kent.svg|Royal monogram of Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent

Ancestry

References

Bibliography

• Day, J. Wentworth. H.R.H. Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (Robert Hale, 1962)
• King, Stella. Princess Marina: Her Life and Times (Cox & Wyman Ltd, 1969)

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