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Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu

Japanese prince and admiral (1875–1946)

Summary

Japanese prince and admiral (1875–1946)

FieldValue
honorific_prefixHis Imperial Highness
order
officeChief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
term_start2 February 1932
term_end9 April 1941
monarchShōwa
predecessorTaniguchi Naomi
successorOsami Nagano
namePrince Fushimi Hiroyasu
birth_dateOctober 16, 1875
death_date
birth_placeTokyo, Japan
death_placeTokyo, Japan
imageFile:Fushimi no miya Hiroyasu ou 1920s (cropped).jpg
captionMarshal Admiral Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
allegianceEmpire of Japan
branch
serviceyears1895–1946
rank[[File:Imperial Japan-Navy-OF-9-collar.svg30px]] [[File:元帥徽章.svg20px]] Marshal Admiral
commandsTakachiho, Asahi, Ibuki
Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
awardsCollar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (1934)
Order of the Golden Kite, 1st class (1942)

Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff

  • Russo-Japanese War
    • Battle of the Yellow Sea
    • Battle of Tsushima
  • World War I
  • World War II Order of the Golden Kite, 1st class (1942) Marshal Admiral Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu was a scion of the Japanese imperial family and a career naval officer who served as chief of staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1932 to 1941.

Early life

Prince Hiroyasu was born in Tokyo as Prince Narukata, the eldest son of Prince Fushimi Sadanaru (1858–1923) by one of his concubines. He was the twenty-third head of the Fushimi-no-miya, one of the four shinnōke cadet branches of the imperial family entitled to succeed to the throne in default of a direct heir. Prince Fushimi was a second cousin to both Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) and Empress Kōjun, and nephew of Prince Kan'in Kotohito

He succeeded to title Kachō-no-miya on April 23, 1883, upon which he changed his name from "Narukata" to "Hiroyasu," but returned to the house of Fushimi-no-miya on January 16, 1904.

Marriage & family

On January 9, 1896, Prince Hiroyasu married Tokugawa Tsuneko (1882–1939), the ninth daughter of Prince Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japan's last shōgun, with whom he had six children:

  1. Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi
  2. Princess Yasuko; Married Marquis Asano Nagatake
  3. Prince Hirotada; Became Prince Kachō Hirotada
  4. Prince Hironobu; Became Marquis Kachō Hironobu: took peerage title of Marquis and succeeded to head of Kachō-no-miya household
  5. Princess Atsuko; Married Count Kiyosu Yukiyasu.
  6. Princess Tomoko; married Prince Kuni Asaakira.
  7. Prince Hirohide; Became Count Fushimi Hirohide: took peerage title of Count, served in IJN, KIA.

Military career

Prince Hiroyasu entered the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy on 5 April 1886, but resigned in September 1889 and moved to Germany. He enrolled in the Naval Academy of the Kaiserliche Marine on 8 April 1892. Promoted to midshipman (Fähnrich zur See) on March 30, 1893 and to ensign (Oberfähnrich zur See) on April 20, 1894, he graduated from the academy on 15 August 1895 and returned to service in the IJN. He spoke fluent German. He then served aboard the cruisers Itsukushima and Matsushima. On December 1, 1897, he was promoted to sub-lieutenant and assigned to the battleship Fuji, receiving a promotion to lieutenant on December 27. Promoted to lieutenant-commander on July 29, 1903, he served in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), and sustained wounds aboard the battleship Mikasa in the Battle of the Yellow Sea (August 1904). He later served as executive officer on the cruiser Niitaka, the battleship Okinoshima, and cruisers Naniwa and Nisshin. He was awarded the Order of the Golden Kite, 4th class, for his services in the Russo-Japanese War, and was promoted to commander on September 28, 1906.

He studied in Great Britain from 1907 to 1910 and upon his return to Japan was promoted to captain on December 1, 1910. He commanded the cruiser Takachiho (1910), and later the Asahi and the battlecruiser Ibuki. Promoted to rear admiral on August 31, 1913, he rose to vice admiral on December 1, 1916 and to full admiral on December 1, 1922. He was a member of the Supreme War Council from 1920 onward. He was a strong supporter of the Fleet Faction within the Navy, pushing for the cancellation of the Washington Naval Agreement and the building of a more powerful navy.

Prince Hiroyasu succeeded his father as the twenty-third head of the house of Fushimi in 1923. He was appointed commander of the Sasebo Naval District in 1924. Admiral Prince Fushimi became the chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff on February 2, 1932, replacing Admiral Abo Kiyokazu, and held the post until April 9, 1941.

Prince Fushimi received the largely honorary rank of marshal admiral on May 27, 1932, and the Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum in 1934.

While he was Chief of Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service used strategic bombing against Chinese cities including Shanghai and Chongqing. The bombing of Nanjing and Guangzhou, which began on September 22–23, 1937, resulted in widespread international condemnation of Japan and a resolution against Japan by the Far Eastern Advisory Committee of the League of Nations.

As Chief of Staff, he supported the "southward advance" into northern French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies.

In 1945, the Americans listed Hiroyasu as a major war criminal suspect. Although he was reported dead in the War Crimes Office list, he was alive but sick.

Honours

He received the following orders and decorations:

  • German Empire:
    • Knight of the Order of the Prussian Crown, 1st Class, 22 June 1895
    • Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle, 1 February 1910
  • Korean Empire:
    • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Plum Blossom, 4 August 1901
    • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Golden Ruler, 23 May 1905
  • Qing dynasty: Order of the Double Dragon, Class I Grade II, 9 May 1903
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 25 January 1910
  • Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Order of the Annunciation, 14 February 1910
  • Restoration (Spain): Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III, 8 March 1910
  • French Third Republic: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 14 March 1910
  • Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 21 March 1910
  • Russian Empire: Knight of the Order of St. Andrew, 11 April 1910
  • Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 27 April 1910
  • Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Royal Order of Leopold, 4 May 1910
  • Flag of Siam (1855).svg Siam: Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 28 November 1911

Ancestry

References

Notes

Sources

  • {{cite web | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121204191935/http://homepage2.nifty.com/nishidah/e/px00.htm#p003 | archive-date = 2012-12-04 | url-status = dead

References

  1. Nishida, ''Imperial Japanese Navy''.
  2. Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy
  3. "Historical Documents - Office of the Historian".
  4. "Historical Documents - Office of the Historian".
  5. 刑部芳則. (2017). "明治時代の勲章外交儀礼". 明治聖徳記念学会紀要.
  6. [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28335/page/779 ''The London Gazette''], issue 28335, p. 779
  7. "Genealogy".
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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