From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base
President of North Macedonia
Head of state of North Macedonia
Head of state of North Macedonia
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| post | President |
| body | the Republic of North Macedonia |
| native_name | Претседател на Република Северна Македонија (Macedonian) |
| Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut (Albanian) | |
| insignia | Coat of arms of the President of North Macedonia.svg |
| insigniacaption | Presidential coat of arms |
| image | Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova (2025-05-15).jpg |
| incumbent | Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova |
| incumbentsince | 12 May 2024 |
| status | Head of State |
| residence | Villa Vodno |
| appointer | Direct election |
| termlength | Five years, |
| termlength_qualified | renewable once |
| constituting_instrument | Constitution of North Macedonia (1991) |
| formation | |
| first | Kiro Gligorov |
| salary | 17,250 USD annually |
| website | pretsedatel.mk |
Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut (Albanian)
The president of the Republic of North Macedonia (; )In Macedonian, the feminine form of the position is Претседателка на Република Северна Македонија, while in Albanian it is Presidentја е Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut. is the head of state of North Macedonia.
The office was foramlly established a few months before the declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. The first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest Macedonian political official, until his resignation in 1999. Although largely a ceremonial position, with most of the political power being vested in the prime minister and the Assembly, the president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the first body for performing foreign affairs.
Presidential rights and obligations are determined by the Constitution and laws. The president must be a citizen of North Macedonia, be over 40 years of age and have lived in North Macedonia for at least ten of the previous fifteen years before election.
Electoral system
The president of North Macedonia is elected using a modified two-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round of voting if they receive the equivalent of over 50% of the vote from all registered voters. In the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid.
Before 2009, the constitution required a 50% turnout in the second round. The XXXI amendment to the constitution, voted on 9 January 2009 by all 86 present deputies, lowered it to the current 40%, as the government feared the tendency of ever lower election turnout would make presidential elections frequently invalidated. In the 2009 Macedonian presidential election that followed, the turnout in the second round ended up being 42.6%.
History
During the period of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, there was a collective presidency which was abolished in 1991. Its first president was Metodija Andonov Čento, elected at the first plenary session of ASNOM, when the modern state was formed, while the last one was Vladimir Mitkov.
Following the transition from socialist system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia changed the collective leadership with a single-president post in 1991, few months before independence. Kiro Gligorov became the first president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 27 January 1991. On 16 April 1991 the parliament adopted a constitutional amendment removing the term "Socialist" from the official name of the country, and on 7 June of the same year, the new name Republic of Macedonia was officially established. Hence Gligorov continued his function as President of the Republic of Macedonia.
After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia began, the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed full independence following a referendum held on 8 September 1991. Kiro Gligorov was incapacitated after an assassination attempt in 1995. Stojan Andov served as acting president for 98 days during Gligorov's recovery. On completing his second term as head of the independent state, Gligorov was succeeded by Boris Trajkovski in 1999. Following Trajkovski's death in 2004, he was succeeded by Branko Crvenkovski. Gjorge Ivanov won the 2009 presidential election and took office on 12 May 2009. He was re-elected in 2014.
The position initially had some considerable powers, as Macedonia functioned within the framework of a de facto semi-presidential republic. The president had control over the military and was the primary actor when it came to setting the foreign policy agenda. As such, both Gligorov and Trajkovski were the primary representatives of the fledgling republic abroad. The 2001 Ohrid Agreement, brokered by President Trajkovski in an effort to reduce interethnic tensions in the country, led to the adoption of constitutional amendments on November 16, 2001, which, in addition to granting representational rights to the Albanian-speaking minority, also stripped the president of any executive authority he previously had. President Trajkovski respected this arrangement for the remainder of his term, with authority over foreign policy passing first to Prime Minister Ljupco Georgievski and then to Prime Minister Branko Crvenkovski.
After Trajkovski's tragic death in 2004, Crvenkovski was elected as the next president, and it was widely expected that he would remain in de facto control of the government. Owing to his popularity in the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia, Crvenkovski maintained some level of control over foreign affairs during the premiership of Hari Kostov, but with the election of Vlado Buckovski, the new leader of the Social Democratic Union, as prime minister, Crvenkovski largely refrained from interfering with the government and limited his activities to ceremonial matters. While Crvenkovski was opposed to Nikola Gruevski after the latter's election as prime minister, there was little that he could have done, as by that time the presidency had very little authority.
In 2009, Crvenkovski was replaced as president by Gjorge Ivanov, an ally of Gruevski. After Greuvski resigned in 2016, an interim government led by Emil Dimitriev was inaugurated, but President Gjorge Ivanov largely took de facto lead over governance and halted judicial inquiries into Gruevski administration officials implicated in the wiretapping scandal. This caused massive protests, including calls for Ivanov's impeachment.
With the inauguration of Zoran Zaev executive authority returned to the government. In 2019, Ivanov was succeeded by Zaev ally Stevo Pendarovski as president. In 2020, Zaev briefly resigned as prime minister and was replaced by Oliver Spasovski. During Spasovski's interim premiership, President Pendarovski came to the fore as the country's leader, most notably in first declaring and then ending the country's State of Emergency in the fight against COVID-19. Pendarovski largely gave up his increased executive authority when Zaev returned as prime minister at the end of the year. In 2022, Zaev was replaced as prime minister by Dimitar Kovacevski. Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova is the incumbent president and she took office on 12 May 2024.
List of presidents
Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Main article: Socialist Republic of Macedonia
; Parties ; Status
| No. | Portrait | Name | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Birth-Death) | Term of office | Political party | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 1 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | — | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 2 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | — | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 3 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 4 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 5 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 6 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 7 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 8 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 9 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 10 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 11 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 12 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 13 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 14 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | — | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 15 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 16 | Communist Party}}; color:white;" | 17 | Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 18 |
| **President of Initiatory Committee for the Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (ASNOM)** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1943–1944 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Čento-vsv.jpg | 60px]] | Metodija Andonov-Čento | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1902–1957) | 1 October 1943 | 2 August 1944 | KPM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| **Chairman of the Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (ASNOM)** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1944–1945 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Čento-vsv.jpg | 60px]] | Metodija Andonov-Čento | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1902–1957) | 2 August 1944 | 1 January 1945 | KPM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Presidents of the Presidency of the People's Assembly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1945–1953 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Čento-vsv.jpg | 60px]] | Metodija Andonov-Čento | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1902–1957) | 1 January 1945 | 15 March 1946 | KPM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Dimitar Nestorov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1890–1968) | 16 March 1946 | 30 December 1946 | KPM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Богоја Фотев.jpg | 60px]] | Blagoja Fotev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1900–1993) | 1947 | 4 January 1951 | KPM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Vidoe Smilevski.jpg | 60px]] | Vidoe Smilevski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1915–1979) | 4 January 1951 | 1953 | KPM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Presidents of the People's Assembly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1953–1974 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Dimče Stojanov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1910–1991) | 1953 | 19 December 1953 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Lazar Koliševski, foto.jpg | 60px]] | Lazar Koliševski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1914–2000) | 19 December 1953 | 26 June 1962 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Ljupčo Arsov.jpg | 60px]] | Ljupčo Arsov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1910–1986) | 26 June 1962 | 24 June 1963 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Vidoe Smilevski.jpg | 60px]] | Vidoe Smilevski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1915–1979) | 25 June 1963 | 12 May 1967 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Mito Hadživasilev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1921–1968) | 12 May 1967 | 1 August 1968 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Nikola Minčev (cropped).jpg | 60px]] | Nikola Minčev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1915–1997) | 23 December 1968 | 6 May 1974 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Presidents of the Presidency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1974–1991 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Vidoe Smilevski.jpg | 60px]] | Vidoe Smilevski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1915–1979) | 6 May 1974 | 31 October 1979 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Ljupčo Arsov.jpg | 60px]] | Ljupčo Arsov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1910–1986) | 31 October 1979 | 29 April 1982 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Ангел Чемерски.jpg | 60px]] | Angel Čemerski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1923–2005) | 29 April 1982 | 29 April 1983 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Blagoja Taleski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1924–2001) | 29 April 1983 | 29 April 1984 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Tome Bukleski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1921–2018) | 29 April 1984 | 26 April 1985 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Vančo Apostolski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1925–2008) | 26 April 1985 | 28 April 1986 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Матеја Матевски.jpg | 60px]] | Mateja Matevski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1929–2018) | 28 April 1986 | 30 April 1986 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Dragoljub Stavrev | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1932–2003) | 30 April 1986 | May 1988 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Ezdimir Bogdanski.png | 60px]] | Jezdimir Bogdanski | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1930–2007) | May 1988 | 28 April 1990 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:No image.png | 60px]] | Vladimir Mitkov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1931–2024) | 28 April 1990 | 27 January 1991 | SKM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Киро Глигоров 03 (28-01-1993) 2.jpg | 60px]] | Kiro Gligorov | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1917–2012) | 27 January 1991 | 18 September 1991 | Independent |
Republic of Macedonia / North Macedonia
Main article: North Macedonia
; Parties ; Status
| No. | Portrait | Name | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Birth-Death) | Term of office | Political party | Election | Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| order2 = 1 | bSize = 60 | officeholder = Kiro Gligorov | born_year = 1917 | died_year = 2012 | term_start = 18 September 1991 | term_end = 4 October 1995 | 1991 | 09 | 18 | 1995 | 10 | 04}} | alt_party = Social Democratic Union of Macedonia |
Timeline
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:90 right:100 left:20 AlignBars = late
Define $today =
Colors = id:Independent value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend:Independent id:Communist value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: Communist_Party_of_Macedonia_→League_of_Communists_of_Macedonia id:VMRO-DPMNE value:rgb(0.886,0,0.102) legend:Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organisation―_Democratic_Party_for_Macedonian_National_Unity id:SDSM value:rgb(0.03,0.23,0.45) legend: Social_Democratic_Union_of_Macedonia id:LPM value:rgb(1,1,0) legend: Liberal_Party_of_Macedonia id:DA value:rgb(0.5,0,0.5) legend: Democratic_Alternative id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:1943 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:10 start:1950 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:2 start:1944
Legend = columns:2 left:140 top:60 columnwidth:520
TextData = pos:(20,63) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political Affiliation:"
BarData = bar:Andonov-Čento bar:Nestorov bar:Fotev bar:Smilevski bar:Stojanov bar:Koliševski bar:Arsov bar:Hadživasilev bar:Minčev bar:Čemerski bar:Taleski bar:Bukleski bar:Apostolski bar:Matevski bar:Stavrev bar:Bogdanski bar:Mitkov bar:Gligorov bar:Andov bar:Klimovski bar:Trajkovski bar:Jordanovski bar:Crvenkovski bar:Ivanov bar:Pendarovski bar:Siljanovska-Davkova
PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Andonov-Čento from: 01/10/1943 till: 15/03/1946 color:Communist text:"Metodija Andonov-Čento" bar:Nestorov from: 16/03/1946 till: 30/12/1946 color:Communist text:"Dimitar Nestorov" bar:Fotev from: 01/01/1947 till: 04/01/1951 color:Communist text:"Blagoja Fotev" bar:Smilevski from: 04/01/1951 till: 01/01/1953 color:Communist from: 25/06/1963 till: 12/05/1967 color:Communist from: 06/05/1974 till: 31/10/1979 color:Communist text:"Vidoe Smilevski" bar:Stojanov from: 01/01/1953 till: 19/12/1953 color:Communist text:"Dimče Stojanov" bar:Koliševski from: 19/12/1953 till: 26/06/1962 color:Communist text:"Lazar Koliševski" bar:Arsov from: 26/06/1962 till: 24/06/1963 color:Communist from: 31/10/1979 till: 29/04/1982 color:Communist text:"Ljupčo Arsov" bar:Hadživasilev from: 12/05/1967 till: 01/08/1968 color:Communist text:"Mito Hadživasilev" bar:Minčev from: 23/12/1968 till: 06/05/1974 color:Communist text:"Nikola Minčev" bar:Čemerski from: 29/04/1982 till: 29/04/1983 color:Communist text:"Angel Čemerski" bar:Taleski from: 29/04/1983 till: 29/04/1984 color:Communist text:"Blagoja Taleski" bar:Bukleski from: 29/04/1984 till: 26/04/1985 color:Communist text:"Tome Bukleski" bar:Apostolski from: 26/04/1985 till: 28/04/1986 color:Communist text:"Vančo Apostolski" bar:Matevski from: 28/04/1986 till: 30/04/1986 color:Communist text:"Mateja Matevski" bar:Stavrev from: 30/04/1986 till: 01/05/1988 color:Communist text:"Dragoljub Stavrev" bar:Bogdanski from: 01/05/1988 till: 28/04/1990 color:Communist text:"Jezdimir Bogdanski" bar:Mitkov from: 28/04/1990 till: 27/01/1991 color:Communist text:"Vladimir Mitkov" bar:Gligorov from: 27/01/1991 till: 18/09/1991 color:Independent from: 18/09/1991 till: 04/10/1995 color:SDSM from: 10/01/1996 till: 19/11/1999 color:SDSM text:"Kiro Gligorov" bar:Andov from: 04/10/1995 till: 10/01/1996 color:LPM text:"Stojan Andov" bar:Klimovski from: 19/11/1999 till: 15/12/1999 color:DA text:"Savo Klimovski" bar:Trajkovski from: 15/12/1999 till: 26/02/2004 color:VMRO-DPMNE text:"Boris Trajkovski" bar:Jordanovski from: 26/02/2004 till: 12/05/2004 color:SDSM text:"Ljupčo Jordanovski" bar:Crvenkovski from: 12/05/2004 till: 12/05/2009 color:SDSM text:"Branko Crvenkovski" bar:Ivanov from: 12/05/2009 till: 12/05/2019 color:VMRO-DPMNE text:"Gjorge Ivanov" bar:Pendarovski from: 12/05/2019 till: 12/05/2024 color:SDSM text:"Stevo Pendarovski" bar:Siljanovska-Davkova from: 12/05/2024 till: $today color:VMRO-DPMNE text:"Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova"
Latest election
Main article: 2024 North Macedonian presidential election
Notes
References
References
- "www.dnevnik.com.mk".
- (25 February 2018). "Infographic: What are the Monthly Salaries of Presidents in the Region".
- (January 2023). "Eleven years since the death of President Kiro Gligorov".
- (27 September 2018). "Macedonian President Urges Boycott Of Name Referendum". Radio Free Europe.
- (6 May 2019). "Stevo Pendarovski wins North Macedonia's presidential election". Al Jazeera.
- [http://www.sobranie.mk/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-macedonia.nspx Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia], Article 80.
- [http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/polls-open-in-macedonia-presidential-elections-2 Polls Open in Macedonia Presidential Elections] ''Balkan Insight'', 13 April 2014
- [https://www.sobranie.mk/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-macedonia.nspx AMENDMENT XXXI] Constitution of North Macedonia
- "The Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia".
- (12 October 2016). "Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe: From Post-Socialist Transition to the Reform of Political Systems". Springer.
- "Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mitkov - Faculty of Law, University of Skopje".
- Kiro Gligorov was elected as a President on 27 January 1991, when the Socialist Republic of Macedonia was still an official name of the state. After the change of the state's name, he continued his function as a President of the Republic of Macedonia [http://www.president.gov.mk/gligorov.asp The Official Site of The President of the Republic of Macedonia] {{webarchive. link. (2009-04-30)
- link. (2008-01-25 , see: 1991 {{in lang). mk
- (17 December 2014). "The Foreign Policies of Post-Yugoslav States: From Yugoslavia to Europe".
- (4 May 2004). "Profile: Branko Crvenkovski".
- (12 May 2024). "North Macedonia's First Female President Sworn In, Declines To Use 'North'".
- (3 October 2014). "ДОСИЕ Киро Глигоров: државник кој преживеа атентат, љубовна афера и замина како голем човек!".
- (7 December 2012). "Кој сакал да го киднапира штотуку родениот внук на Андов".
- (2019). "Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia". Rowman & Littlefield.
This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.
Ask Mako anything about President of North Macedonia — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.
Research with MakoFree with your Surf account
Create a free account to save articles, ask Mako questions, and organize your research.
Sign up freeThis content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.
Report