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Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps

UNESCO World Heritage Site in Europe

Summary

UNESCO World Heritage Site in Europe

Field	Value
WHS	Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps
image	Pfahlbauten Unteruhldingen 2005 05.jpg
image_upright	1.2
caption	Reconstructed pile dwellings at the Pfahlbau Museum Unteruhldingen on Lake Constance in Germany
location	(see map)
includes	111 locations in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and Switzerland
criteria	(iv), (v)
ID	1363
year	2011
area	274.2 ha
buffer_zone	3960.77 ha
website

Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps are a series of prehistoric pile dwelling (or stilt house) settlements in and around the Alps built from about 5000 to 500 BC on the edges of lakes, rivers or wetlands. In 2011, 111 sites located variously in Switzerland (56), Italy (19), Germany (18), France (11), Austria (5) and Slovenia (2) were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list. In Slovenia, these were the first World Heritage Sites to be listed for their cultural value.

Excavations conducted at some of the sites have yielded evidence regarding prehistoric life and the way communities interacted with their environment during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages in Alpine Europe. These settlements are a unique group of exceptionally well-preserved and culturally rich archaeological sites, which constitute one of the most important sources for the study of early agrarian societies in the region.

Contrary to popular belief, the dwellings were not erected over water, but on nearby marshy land. They were set on piles to protect against occasional flooding. Because the lakes have grown in size over time, many of the original piles are now under water, giving modern observers the false impression that they have always been this way. Climate change is changing the habitats of these sites.

Map

Sites

Country	Serial ID Number	Name	Location	Location size (Ha)	Buffer zone (Ha)	Approx. Date occupied (BC)
Switzerland	1363-001	Ägelmoos	Beinwil am See	0.96	10.5	2000–1000
Switzerland	1363-002	Riesi	Seengen	3.8	16.5	1500–500
Switzerland	1363-003	Vingelz / Hafen	Biel/Bienne	0.6	18.4	3000–2500
Switzerland	1363-004	Dorfstation	Lüscherz	3.4	75.1	4000–3500, 3000–2500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-005	Lobsigensee	Seedorf	1.1	27.6	3500–3000
Switzerland	1363-006	Rütte	Sutz-Lattrigen	2.8	49.6	3000–2500
Switzerland	1363-007	Bahnhof	Twann	2.5	18.5	4000–3000
Switzerland	1363-008	Strandboden	Vinelz	2.3	28.7	4000–2500
Switzerland	1363-009	Les Grèves	Gletterens	2.62	2.4	3500–3000
Switzerland	1363-010	Spitz	Greng	7.69	7.3	4000–3500, 3000–2500, 1500–500
Switzerland	1363-011	Môtier I	Haut-Vully	1.42	1.3	Neolithic
Switzerland	1363-012	Segelboothafen	Murten	2.83	4.7	3000–2500
Switzerland	1363-013	En Praz des Gueux	Prez	0.08	2.02	4000–3500
Switzerland	1363-014	Bellerive I	Collonge-Bellerive	2.4	8.87	1000–500
Switzerland	1363-015	Port	Corsier	1.94	10.9	4000–3500, 3000–2500, 2000–1500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-016	Bourg	Versoix	3.03	15.93	1500–500
Switzerland	1363-017	Egolzwil 3	Egolzwil	0.65	56.82	5000–4000
Switzerland	1363-018	Seematte	Hitzkirch	2.81	24.55	4000–2500
Switzerland	1363-019	Halbinsel	Sursee	3.55	67.78	4000–3500, 2500–500
Switzerland	1363-020	Port-Conty	Saint-Aubin-Sauges	1.04	7.03	4000–2000
Switzerland	1363-021	Les Argilliez	Gorgier	1.32	1.2	4000–3500
Switzerland	1363-022	L’Abbaye 2	Bevaix	1.04	5.01	1040–986
Switzerland	1363-023	La Saunerie	Milvignes	1.51	1.63	4000–3500, 3000–2000
Switzerland	1363-024	Les Graviers	Milvignes	0.57	2.13	3500–2500, 2000–1500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-025	Kehrsiten	Stansstad	1.26	5.14	4000–3000
Switzerland	1363-026	Weier I – III	Thayngen	0.48	3.44	4000–3500
Switzerland	1363-027	Freienbach–Hurden Rosshorn	Hurden	4.32	20.1	3500–3000, 2000–500
Switzerland	1363-028	Freienbach–Hurden Seefeld	Hurden	2.4	16.12	3500–2500
Switzerland	1363-029	Burgäschisee Ost	Aeschi	0.3	90.69	4000–3500, 3000–2500
Switzerland	1363-030	Inkwilersee Insel	Bolken/Inkwil	0.1	45.71	4000-3500, 3000–2500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-031	Feldbach	Kempraten/Feldbach	7.5	15.5	4000–1000
Switzerland	1363-032	Rapperswil-Jona–Technikum	Rapperswil	0.92	49.1	2000–1500
Switzerland	1363-033	Bleiche 2–3	Arbon	2.37	5.84	3500–3000, 2000–1500
Switzerland	1363-034	Insel Werd	Eschenz	2.8	44.08	4000–2500, 1500–500
Switzerland	1363-035	Egelsee	Gachnang-Niederwil	2.97	5.94	4000–3500
Switzerland	1363-036	Nussbaumersee	Hüttwilen	3.66	16.86	5000–2500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-037	Pointe de Montbec I	Chabrey	1.78	8.04	1500–500
Switzerland	1363-038	La Bessime	Chevroux	1.07	22.1	4000–3500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-039	Village	Chevroux	1.54	38.4	3500–2000
Switzerland	1363-040	Stations de Concise	Corcelles-près-Concise	6.5	11.5	4000–2500
Switzerland	1363-041	Corcelettes Les Violes	Grandson	2.59	17.4	1500–500
Switzerland	1363-042	Les Roseaux	Morges	0.86	8.1	2000–1000
Switzerland	1363-043	Stations de Morges	Morges	2.12	7.91	2000–1000
Switzerland	1363-044	Chenevières de Guévaux I	Mur, now Vully-les-Lacs	1.04	9.73	2000–1500
Switzerland	1363-045	Baie de Clendy	Yverdon-les-Bains	1.87	38.7	4000–1500
Switzerland	1363-046	Le Marais	Yvonand	1.95	16.8	3500–2500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-047	Oterswil / Insel Eielen	Zug	0.45	10.82	3000–2000
Switzerland	1363-048	Riedmatt	Zug	0.28	2.61	3500–2500, 1500–1000
Switzerland	1363-049	Sumpf	Zug	1.55	7.5	1500–500
Switzerland	1363-050	Erlenbach–Winkel	Erlenbach	3.01	6.6	4000–1500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-051	Greifensee–Storen/Wildsberg	Greifensee	9.59	11.7	4000–2500
Switzerland	1363-052	Meilen–Rorenhaab	Meilen	0.7	4.8	4000–2500, 2000–1500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-053	Wädenswil–Vorder Au	Wädenswil	1.49	22.5	3500–1500
Switzerland	1363-054	Wetzikon-Robenhausen	Wetzikon	0.92	155	4000–2500, 2000–1500, 1000–500
Switzerland	1363-055	Zürich–Enge Alpenquai	Zürich	2.93	17.4	1500–500
Switzerland	1363-056	Kleiner Hafner	Zürich	0.64	16.56	5000–1500, 1000–500
Austria	1363-057	Keutschacher See	Keutschach am See	0.21	132.5	4000–3500, 1000–500
Austria	1363-058	Abtsdorf I	Attersee am Attersee	1.1	91.43	1500–1000
Austria	1363-059	Abtsdorf III	Attersee am Attersee	0.22	91.43	4000–3000
Austria	1363-060	Litzlberg Süd	Seewalchen am Attersee	0.76	65.26	4000–3000
Austria	1363-061	See	Mondsee	1.22	0.97	3500–3000
France	1363-062	Le Grand Lac de Clairvaux	Clairvaux-les-Lacs	15.2	103.05	4000–500
France	1363-063	Lac de Chalain, rive occidentale	Marigny, Doucier, Fontenu	50.65	96.83	5300–600
France	1363-064	Lac d’Aiguebelette, zone sud	Aiguebelette-le-Lac, Saint-Alban-de-Montbel	0.64	42.87	3000–2500
France	1363-065	Baie de Grésine	Brison-Saint-Innocent	4.09	31.5	1000–500
France	1363-066	Baie de Châtillon	Chindrieux	0.91	7.6	1000–500
France	1363-067	Hautecombe	Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille	2.03	5.7	3500–3000
France	1363-068	Littoral de Tresserve	Tresserve	2.12	72.4	1000–500
France	1363-069	Littoral de Chens-sur-Léman	Chens-sur-Léman	0.93	92.6	1500–500
France	1363-070	Les Marais de Saint-Jorioz	Saint-Jorioz	0.49	4.3	4000–3500
France	1363-071	Le Crêt de Chatillon	Sévrier	1.07	8.2	1500–500
France	1363-072	Secteur des Mongets	Sévrier, Saint-Jorioz	0.13	63.2	2000–1500
Germany	1363-073	Wangen-Hinterhorn	Öhningen	2.56	3.2	4000–2500, 1500–500
Germany	1363-074	Hornstaad-Hörnle	Gaienhofen	13.11	72.4	4000–2500
Germany	1363-075	Allensbach-Strandbad	Allensbach	2.65	6.6	4000–2500
Germany	1363-076	Wollmatingen-Langenrain	Konstanz	1.55	83.7	1000–500
Germany	1363-077	Konstanz-Hinterhausen	Konstanz	4.15	4.12	4000–3500, 3000–2500
Germany	1363-078	Litzelstetten-Krähenhorn 32	Konstanz	7.51	47.92	3960–3805
Germany	1363-079	Bodman-Schachen / Löchle	Bodman-Ludwigshafen	5.34	14.1	4000–3500, 3000–2500, 2000–1000
Germany	1363-080	Sipplingen-Osthafen	Sipplingen	4.61	6.23	3919–2417, 934–933
Germany	1363-081	Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen	Uhldingen-Mühlhofen	4.22	4.52	4000–3500, 3000–2500, 2000–500
Germany	1363-082	Ödenahlen	Alleshausen	0.97	58.02	4000–3500
Germany	1363-083	Grundwiesen	Alleshausen	0.54	3.42	3020–2700
Germany	1363-084	Siedlung Forschner	Bad Buchau	3.54	285.14	1767–1480
Germany	1363-085	Olzreute-Enzisholz	Bad Schussenried	1.82	20.62	3000–2500
Germany	1363-086	Schreckensee	Wolpertswende	1.06	7.05	3651–3263
Germany	1363-087	Ehrenstein	Blaustein	1.33	2.42	4000–3500
Germany	1363-088	Pestenacker	Weil	0.57	3.66	3495–3481
Germany	1363-089	Unfriedshausen	Geltendorf	0.79	7.69	3813–3535
Germany	1363-090	Rose Island	Feldafing	15.16	34.3	5000–2500, 2000–500
Italy	1363-091	Palù di Livenza – Santissima	Polcenigo	13.48	86.72	4766–4375, 3768–3538
Italy	1363-092	Lavagnone	Desenzano del Garda	6.04	14.45	2500–1000
Italy	1363-093	San Sivino, Gabbiano	Manerba del Garda	1.85	3.46	2500–1500
Italy	1363-094	Lugana Vecchia	Sirmione	2.59	11.16	2500–1000
Italy	1363-095	Lucone	Polpenazze del Garda	7.66	68.2	5000–3500, 2500–1500
Italy	1363-096	Lagazzi del Vho	Piadena	2.77	18.46	2000–1500
Italy	1363-097	Bande – Corte Carpani	Cavriana	7.33	36.4	2005–1959
Italy	1363-098	Castellaro Lagusello – Fondo Tacoli	Monzambano	1.23	59.04	2000–1000
Italy	1363-099	Isolino Virginia-Camilla-Isola di San Biagio	Biandronno	3.79	25.07	5000–1000
Italy	1363-100	Bodio centrale o delle Monete	Bodio Lomnago	1.67	28.55	2000–1000
Italy	1363-101	Il Sabbione o settentrionale	Cadrezzate	1.18	9.61	2000–1000
Italy	1363-102	VI.1-Emissario	Viverone, Azeglio	5.86	852.77	2000–1000
Italy	1363-103	Mercurago	Arona	5.16	270.06	2000–1000
Italy	1363-104	Molina di Ledro	Ledro	0.78	2.31	1900–1300
Italy	1363-105	Fiavé-Lago Carera	Fiavè	10.7	73.92	4000–3500, 2000–1000
Italy	1363-106	Belvedere	Peschiera del Garda	2.52	12.46	2500–1500
Italy	1363-107	Frassino	Peschiera del Garda	1.48	31.19	2000–1000
Italy	1363-108	Tombola	Cerea	1.51	123.76	1500–1000
Italy	1363-109	Laghetto della Costa	Arquà Petrarca	1.56	6.52	2500–1500
Slovenia	1363-110	Kolišča na Igu, severna skupina	Ig	19.2	516.65	3000–1500
Slovenia	1363-111	Kolišča na Igu, južna skupina	Ig	26.1	516.55	5000–2500

Gallery

File:Italien, Molina di Ledro by Niederkasseler - panoramio.jpg|Neolithic palafitte at Ledro, Italy File:Motifs poteries palafittes lac du Bourget.jpeg|Patterns of pile dwellings ceramics, Lake Bourget, Savoy, 1915 File:Ceramiques palafittes lac du Bourget.jpeg|Ceramics of palafittes of Lake Bourget, Savoy, 1915 File:Palafitte Stations de Morges - Vers l'Eglise 5.jpg|Remains of underwater palafittes, station of Morges, Switzerland, 2011 File:Inventaire metal palafittes lac du Bourget 1908.jpeg|Inventory of the metallic material of the pile dwellings of Lake Bourget, 1908 File:Pirogue préhistorique du lac de Chalain.jpg|Canoe from Lake Chalain, Jura, 1904 File:Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen-07.jpg|Neolithic house reconstruction File:Meyers b12 s0929a.jpg|Illustration of dwellings and artefacts File:Pfahlbau Rekonstruktion Museum SH 002.jpg|Prehistoric pile-dwelling house reconstruction File:Pfahlbau Rekonstruktion Museum SH 001.jpg|Prehistoric pile-dwelling house reconstruction File:Pfahlbau Rekonstruktion Museum SH 003.jpg|Prehistoric pile-dwelling house reconstruction File:Pfahlbau Rekonstruktion Museum SH 004.jpg|Prehistoric pile-dwelling house reconstruction File:Latenium-1.jpg|Bronze Age house reconstruction (c. 1000 BC), Laténium museum, Switzerland File:Laténium-maquette-village-laustre.jpg|Cortaillod-Est, Bronze Age settlement, Switzerland, c. 1000 BC File:Laténium, maquette Cortaillod-Est, PN-MUS-LAT.jpg|Cortaillod-Est, c. 1000 BC File:Cortaillod-Est.jpg|Cortaillod-Est, settlement remains File:Maison de Cortaillod-Est.jpg|Cortaillod-Est house File:Modell Pfyn Breitenloo P1020773.jpg|Pfyn-Breitenloo, Neolithic settlement, c. 3700 BC, Pfyn culture, Switzerland File:Neolithic lake village.jpg|Clairvaux-les-Lacs, Neolithic settlement, France, c. 4000 BC File:Palafitte-Lago di Ledro.jpg|Molina di Ledro, Bronze Age settlement, Italy, Polada culture, c. 2200–1500 BC File:MolinaDiLedro-2012-06-17-PalafitteDiLedro-005.JPG|Molina di Ledro, Bronze Age settlement reconstruction File:Palafitta.jpg|Palafitte model, Museo di Villa Mirabello File:Plastico Museo Fiavé.jpg|Fiave 6, Facies of the pile dwellings and of the dammed settlements, Italy File:PM 110389 Liebig Chromos.jpg|Historical illustration File:Swiss prehistoric lake dwellings. Wellcome M0015374.jpg|Illustration of a lake settlement in Switzerland

References

[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1363/ UNESCO World Heritage Site – Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps]
(14 October 2011). "Pile-dwellings in the Ljubljansko Barje on UNESCO List". Embassy of Slovenia in Washington.
Armando Mombelli, [http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/Specials/UNESCO-World_Heritage/Sites_in_Switzerland/Lake_dwellings_reveal_hidden_past.html?cid=30542748 Lake dwellings reveal hidden past], SwissInfo.ch, 11 November 2011
(2023). "Sunken landscapes and settlement areas. On the reconquest of underwater archaeological sites". Internet Archaeology.
[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1363/multiple=1&unique_number=1782 Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps, Locations] accessed 12 August 2011. Due to errors in coordinates from this document, some coordinates come from other sources.
Location and coordinates taken from [http://www.palafittes.org/en/products-downloads/additional-information-2011/index.html Palafittes.org nominating documents-Revised executive summary] {{webarchive. link. (30 March 2012 accessed 12 August 2011. Coordinates converted from [[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system). UTM]].
[http://www.palafittes.org/en/products-downloads/nomination-dossier/download-nomination-file/index.html palafittes.org nomination documents] {{webarchive. link. (30 March 2012 accessed 14 August 2011)

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