Surf Wiki
Save to docs
arts

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Postmodernist film

Film genre

Summary

Film genre

Postmodernist film is a classification for works that articulate the themes and ideas of postmodernism through the medium of cinema. Some of the goals of postmodernist film are to subvert the mainstream conventions of narrative structure and characterization, and to test the audience's suspension of disbelief. Typically, such films also break down the cultural divide between high and low art and often upend typical portrayals of gender, race, class, genre, and time with the goal of creating something that does not abide by traditional narrative expression.

Specific elements

Modernist film came to maturity in the era between WWI and WWII with characteristics such as montage and symbolic imagery, and often took the form of expressionist cinema and surrealist cinema (as seen in the works of Fritz Lang and Luis Buñuel) while postmodernist film – similar to postmodernism as a whole – is a reaction to the modernist works and to their tendencies (such as nostalgia and angst). Modernist cinema has been said to have "explored and exposed the formal concerns of the medium by placing them at the forefront of consciousness. Modernist cinema questions and made visible the meaning-production practices of film." The auteur theory and idea of an author creating a work from their singular vision was a cultural advancement that coincided with the further maturation of modernist cinema. It has been said that "To investigate the transparency of the image is modernist but to undermine its reference to reality is to engage with the aesthetics of postmodernism." The modernist film has more faith in the author, the individual, and the accessibility of reality itself than the postmodernist film, and is generally more sincere in tone.

Postmodernism is in many ways interested in the liminal space that would be typically ignored by more modernist or traditionally narrative offerings. Henri Bergson writes in his book Creative Evolution, "The obscurity is cleared up, the contradiction vanishes, as soon as we place ourselves along the transition, in order to distinguish states in it by making cross cuts therein in thoughts. The reason is that there is more in the transition than the series of states, that is to say, the possible cuts--more in the movement than the series of position, that is to say, the possible stops."

Postmodernist film is often separated from modernist cinema and traditional narrative film by three key characteristics. One of them is an extensive use of homage or pastiche.

Specific postmodern examples

''Once Upon a Time in the West''

Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West has often been referred to by critics as an example of a postmodern Western. The 1968 spaghetti Western revolves around a beautiful widow, a mysterious gunslinger playing a harmonica, a ruthless villain, and a lovable but hard-nosed bandit who just escaped from jail. The story was developed by Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, and Dario Argento by watching classic American Westerns, and the final product is a deliberate attempt to both pay homage to and subvert Western genre conventions and audience expectations. Among the most notable examples of intertextuality are the plot similarities to Johnny Guitar, the visual reference to High Noon of a clock stopped at high noon in the middle of a gunfight, and the casting of Henry Fonda as the story's sadistic antagonist which was a deliberate subversion of Fonda's image as a hero established in such films as My Darling Clementine and Fort Apache, both directed by John Ford.

''Blade Runner''

Ridley Scott's Blade Runner might be the best-known postmodernist film.

''Pulp Fiction''

Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction is another example of a postmodernist film. The Palme d'Or-winning film tells the interweaving stories of gangsters, a boxer, and robbers. The 1994 film breaks down chronological time and demonstrates a particular fascination with intertextuality: bringing in texts from both traditionally "high" and "low" realms of art. This foregrounding of media places the self as "a loose, transitory combination of media consumption choices." Pulp Fiction fractures time (by the use of asynchronous time lines) and by using styles of prior decades and combining them together in the movie. By focusing on intertextuality and the subjectivity of time, Pulp Fiction demonstrates the postmodern obsession with signs and subjective perspective as the exclusive location of anything resembling meaning.

Other selected examples

Aside from the aforementioned Once Upon a Time in the West, the Blade Runner sequels and Pulp Fiction, postmodern cinema includes films such as:

20th century

  • Hellzapoppin' (1941)
  • The Big Sleep (1946)
  • Duck Amuck (1953, also been called a modernist film)
  • All That Heaven Allows (1955; also been called a modernist film)
  • Written on the Wind (1956)
  • A Movie (1958)
  • Hiroshima mon amour (1959; also been called a modernist film)
  • L'Avventura (1960, also been called a modernist film)
  • Psycho (1960)
  • Blast of Silence (1961)
  • Last Year at Marienbad (1961, also been called a modernist film)
  • West Side Story (1961, also been called a modernist film)
  • 8½ (1963; also been called a modernist film)
  • Scorpio Rising (1964)
  • Woman in the Dunes (1964)
  • Pierrot Le Fou (1965, also been called a modernist film)
  • Alphaville (1965)
  • Persona (1966; also been called a modernist film)
  • Batman (1966)
  • Blowup (1966; also been called a modernist film)
  • Weekend (1967)
  • Branded to Kill (1967)
  • Casino Royale (1967)
  • Playtime (1967; also been called a modernist film)
  • Night of the Living Dead (1968)
  • Symbiopsychotaxiplasm: Take One (1968; also called a modernist film)
  • Teorema (1968)
  • Death by Hanging (1968)
  • 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968; also called a modernist film)
  • The Color of Pomegranates (1969; also been called a modernist film)
  • Funeral Parade of Roses (1969; also been called a modernist film)
  • The Honeymoon Killers (1970)
  • Performance (1970)
  • The Conformist (1970)
  • El Topo (1970)
  • A Clockwork Orange (1971)
  • The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (1972)
  • Badlands (1973)
  • Day for Night (1973; also called a modernist film)
  • The Holy Mountain (1973; also been called a modernist film)
  • The Long Goodbye (1973)
  • Blazing Saddles (1974)
  • Pastoral: To Die in the Country (1974)
  • Celine and Julie Go Boating (1974)
  • F for Fake (1975)
  • Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975)
  • Taxi Driver (1976)
  • Star Wars (1977)
  • The American Friend (1977)
  • Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)
  • House (1977)
  • Dawn of the Dead (1978)
  • All That Jazz (1979)
  • Alien (1979)
  • Stalker (1979)
  • Apocalypse Now (1979)
  • The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980)
  • The Shining (1980)
  • The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter (1980)
  • Raging Bull (1980)
  • Diva (1981)
  • Escape from New York (1981)
  • The Evil Dead (1981)
  • The Howling (1981)
  • Ms. 45 (1981)
  • The Thing (1982)
  • The Atomic Cafe (1982)
  • Koyaanisqatsi (1982)
  • Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid (1982)
  • Fall Guy (1982)
  • Liquid Sky (1982)
  • Sans Soleil (1983)
  • Videodrome (1983)
  • Zelig (1983)
  • Love Streams (1984)
  • A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)
  • Repo Man (1984)
  • Streets of Fire (1984)
  • The Terminator (1984)
  • After Hours (1985)
  • Brazil (1985)
  • Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
  • Radioactive Dreams (1985)
  • Shoah (1985)
  • Tampopo (1985)
  • Terrorizers (1986)
  • Mauvais Sang (1986)
  • Blue Velvet (1986)
  • A Zed and Two Noughts (1986)
  • Walker (1987)
  • The Princess Bride (1987)
  • Innerspace (1987)
  • Wings of Desire (1987)
  • Om-Dar-B-Dar (1988)
  • Akira (1988)
  • Beetlejuice (1988)
  • The Thin Blue Line (1988)
  • Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
  • They Live (1988)
  • When Harry Met Sally (1989)
  • Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989)
  • Jesus of Montreal (1989)
  • sex, lies and videotape (1989)
  • Roger & Me (1989)
  • Edward Scissorhands (1990)
  • Close-Up (1990)
  • Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990)
  • Miller's Crossing (1990)
  • Barton Fink (1991)
  • JFK (1991)
  • The Double Life of Veronique (1991)
  • Until the End of the World (1991)
  • Wax or the Discovery of Television Among the Bees (1991)
  • Aladdin (1992)
  • Orlando (1992)
  • The Player (1992)
  • Reservoir Dogs (1992)
  • Falling Down (1993)
  • Groundhog Day (1993)
  • Last Action Hero (1993)
  • The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
  • The Piano (1993)
  • Sleepless in Seattle (1993)
  • True Romance (1993)
  • Through the Olive Trees (1994)
  • Sátántangó (1994)
  • Chungking Express (1994)
  • Forrest Gump (1994)
  • Natural Born Killers (1994)
  • The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)
  • Serial Mom (1994)
  • Fallen Angels (1995)
  • The Brady Bunch Movie (1995)
  • Dead Man (1995)
  • Braveheart (1995)
  • Get Shorty (1995)
  • Underground (1995)
  • Showgirls (1995)
  • Fargo (1996)
  • From Dusk till Dawn (1996)
  • Schizopolis (1996)
  • Goodbye South, Goodbye (1996)
  • Scream (1996)
  • Irma Vep (1996)
  • The Watermelon Woman (1996)
  • End of Evangelion (1997)
  • Jackie Brown (1997)
  • Lost Highway (1997)
  • Gummo (1997)
  • Boogie Nights (1997)
  • Dark City (1997)
  • Starship Troopers (1997)
  • Titanic (1997)
  • Funny Games (1997)
  • The Big Lebowski (1998)
  • New Rose Hotel (1998)
  • Run Lola Run (1998)
  • The Hole (1998)
  • The Truman Show (1998)
  • Pleasantville (1998)
  • Happiness (1998)
  • Small Soldiers (1998)
  • Shakespeare in Love (1998)
  • You've Got Mail (1998)
  • Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999)
  • The Sixth Sense (1999)
  • Being John Malkovich (1999)
  • Fight Club (1999)
  • The Straight Story (1999)
  • American Beauty (1999)
  • The Blair Witch Project (1999)
  • The Matrix (1999)
  • Magnolia (1999)
  • Three Kings (1999)
  • American Psycho (2000)
  • Memento (2000)
  • Erin Brockovich (2000)
  • Dancer in the Dark (2000)
  • Almost Famous (2000)
  • Werckmeister Harmonies (2000)
  • Requiem for a Dream (2000)
  • Traffic (2000)
  • Timecode (2000)
  • Rejected (2000)

21st century

  • The Majestic (2001)
  • Moulin Rouge! (2001)
  • Shrek (2001)
  • Waking Life (2001)
  • The Royal Tenenbaums (2001)
  • Mulholland Drive (2001)
  • Donnie Darko (2001)
  • All About Lily Chou-Chou (2001)
  • The Man Who Wasn't There (2001)
  • Pulse (2001)
  • Far From Heaven (2002)
  • The Hours (2002)
  • 24 Hour Party People (2002)
  • Down with Love (2003)
  • Lost in Translation (2003)
  • The Fog of War (2003)
  • Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003)
  • Zatōichi (2003)
  • Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
  • Team America: World Police (2004)
  • Tropical Malady (2004)
  • The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004)
  • The Machinist (2004)
  • Shaun of the Dead (2004)
  • Brick (2005)
  • Grizzly Man (2005)
  • Still Life (2006)
  • Marie Antoinette (2006)
  • Enchanted (2007)
  • I'm Not There (2007)
  • No Country for Old Men (2007)
  • The Beaches of Agnès (2008)
  • Synecdoche, New York (2008)
  • Hunger (2008)
  • Waltz with Bashir (2008)
  • Enter the Void (2009)
  • Shutter Island (2010)
  • Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010)
  • Film Socialisme (2010)
  • Inception (2010)
  • Drive (2011)
  • The Skin I Live In (2011)
  • Shame (2011)
  • We Need to Talk About Kevin (2011)
  • The Act of Killing (2012)
  • Tabu (2012)
  • Cloud Atlas (2012)
  • Holy Motors (2012)
  • ParaNorman (2012)
  • Post Tenebras Lux (2012)
  • Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
  • The Double (2013)
  • Get a Horse! (2013)
  • Only Lovers Left Alive (2013)
  • Her (2013)
  • Only God Forgives (2013)
  • Birdman (2014)
  • Boyhood (2014)
  • Clouds of Sils Maria (2014)
  • Goodbye to Language (2014)
  • The Lego Movie (2014)
  • The Look of Silence (2014)
  • Cemetery of Splendour (2015)
  • World of Tomorrow (2015)
  • Deadpool (2016)
  • La La Land (2016)
  • Swiss Army Man (2016)
  • Get Out (2017)
  • I, Tonya (2017)
  • The Square (2017)
  • Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017)
  • Under the Silver Lake (2018)
  • Wonderstruck (2017)
  • Spider-Verse (2018–present)
  • Sorry to Bother You (2018)
  • The House That Jack Built (2018)
  • Long Day's Journey into Night (2018)
  • Joker (2019)
  • Knives Out (2019)
  • Pain & Glory (2019)
  • You Were Never Really Here (2018)
  • Last Night in Soho (2021)
  • Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn (2021)
  • Belle (2021)
  • Bergman Island (2021)
  • Aftersun (2022)
  • Babylon (2022)
  • The Banshees of Inisherin (2022)
  • Everything Everywhere All At Once (2022)
  • Nope (2022)
  • Razzennest (2022)
  • Tár (2022)
  • White Noise (2022)
  • X film series (2022–2024)
  • Barbie (2023)
  • Beau is Afraid (2023)
  • Late Night with the Devil (2023)
  • All We Imagine as Light (2024)
  • Between the Temples (2024)
  • The Brutalist (2024)
  • A Different Man (2024)
  • Joker: Folie à Deux (2024)
  • Love Lies Bleeding (2024)
  • The Most Precious of Cargoes (2024)
  • The Substance (2024)
  • A Minecraft Movie (2025)

Postmodern documentary and essay film

Postmodernist techniques have also influenced non-fiction cinema. For example, Errol Morris’s The Thin Blue Line (1988) is often regarded as the first postmodern documentary due to its ironic use of stylized re-enactments that detach the viewer from any pretense of objective truth. Such works demonstrate that even documentary film can embrace subjectivity, self-reference, and genre-blending in a postmodern way.

List of notable postmodernist filmmakers

  • Woody Allen
  • Pedro Almodovar
  • Robert Altman
  • Paul Thomas Anderson
  • Wes Anderson
  • Tex Avery (also been called a modernist filmmaker)
  • Peter Bogdanovich
  • Tim Burton
  • Joel and Ethan Coen
  • Sofia Coppola
  • Wes Craven
  • David Cronenberg
  • Joe Dante
  • Brian De Palma
  • Abel Ferrara
  • David Fincher
  • Michel Gondry
  • Peter Greenaway
  • Michael Haneke
  • Don Hertzfeldt
  • Jim Jarmusch
  • Spike Jonze
  • Radu Jude (also been called a modernist filmmaker)
  • Stanley Kubrick (also been called a modernist filmmaker)
  • Harmony Korine
  • Sergio Leone
  • David Lynch
  • Guy Maddin
  • Michael Mann
  • Steve McQueen
  • Michael Moore
  • Errol Morris (also been called an anti-postmodernist filmmaker)
  • Christopher Nolan
  • Jordan Peele
  • George A. Romero
  • Martin Scorsese
  • Ridley Scott
  • Douglas Sirk (also been called a modernist filmmaker)
  • Kevin Smith
  • Steven Soderbergh
  • Steven Spielberg
  • Oliver Stone
  • Quentin Tarantino
  • Paul Verhoeven
  • Lana and Lilly Wachowski
  • John Waters
  • Wong Kar-Wai

Postmodernist television

Postmodern television is a category or period of modern television related to the art and philosophy of postmodernism, often making use of postmodern principles such as satire, irony, and deconstruction.

List of postmodernist television shows

  • 30 Rock
  • American Horror Story
  • Arrested Development
  • The Bachelor
  • Bob's Burgers
  • Breaking Bad
  • The Bullwinkle Show
  • Catfish
  • The Colbert Report
  • Community
  • Curb Your Enthusiasm
  • Don't Hug Me I'm Scared
  • Ed, Edd n Eddy
  • Entourage
  • Fallout
  • Family Guy
  • Fleabag
  • Freakazoid!
  • Futurama
  • Girls
  • Hell on Wheels
  • Inventing Anna
  • It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
  • It's Garry Shandling Show
  • The Larry Sanders Show
  • Louie
  • Magpie Murders
  • Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman
  • Miami Vice
  • Monty Python's Flying Circus
  • Mystery Science Theater 3000
  • Neon Genesis Evangelion
  • The Office
  • Parks and Recreation
  • Pee Wee's Playhouse
  • Portlandia
  • The Prisoner
  • Real Housewives
  • The Rehearsal
  • The Ren & Stimpy Show
  • Rick and Morty
  • Riverdale
  • RuPaul's Drag Race
  • Saturday Night Live
  • Scrubs
  • Seinfeld
  • The Simpsons
  • The Singing Detective
  • The Sopranos
  • South Park
  • Space Ghost: Coast to Coast
  • Spartacus
  • SpongeBob SquarePants
  • Stranger Things
  • True Detective
  • The Twilight Zone
  • Twin Peaks
  • Vanderpump Rules
  • WandaVision
  • The X-Files

References

References

  1. Hopkins, Susan. (Spring 1995). "Generation Pulp". Youth Studies Australia.
  2. Kretzschmar, Laurent. (July 2002). "Is Cinema Renewing Itself?". Film-Philosophy.
  3. Hutcheon, Linda. (January 19, 1998). "Irony, Nostalgia, and the Postmodern". University of Toronto English Library.
  4. "Representing Postmodern Marginality in Three Documentary Films. - Free Online Library".
  5. "Characteristics of a Modernist Film".
  6. Betz, Mark. (March 23, 2009). "Beyond the subtitle : remapping European art cinema". Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
  7. ''Beginning Postmodernism'', Manchester University Press: 1999 by Tim Woods
  8. Milovanovic, Dragan. (15 March 2009). "Dueling Paradigms: Modernist v. Postmodern Thought". American Society of Criminology.
  9. Wilson, T.. (1990-12-01). "Reading the postmodernist image: a 'cognitive mapping'". Screen.
  10. (March 23, 1911). "Creative Evolution". H. Holt.
  11. Alemany-Galway, Mary. (2002). "A Postmodern Cinema". Scarecrow Press.
  12. (2018-11-26). "ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE WEST (1968) • Frame Rated".
  13. "50 years, 50 films: Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) {{!}} Screenwriter".
  14. (10 August 2010). "Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) – Deep Focus Review – Movie Reviews, Critical Essays, and Film Analysis".
  15. "50 years, 50 films: Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) | Screenwriter".
  16. "Once Upon a Time in the West - Library of Congress".
  17. Tincknell, Estella (2006). "The Soundtrack Movie, Nostalgia and Consumption", in ''Film's Musical Moments'', ed. Ian Conrich and Estella Tincknell (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press). {{ISBN. 0-7486-2344-2
  18. King, Geoff (2002). ''Film Comedy'' (London: Wallflower Press). {{ISBN. 1-903364-35-3
  19. Wood, James (November 12, 1994). ''[[The Guardian]]''.
  20. [https://believermag.com/logger/postponing-postmodernism-by-jim-knipfel/ Postponing Postmodernism - Believer Magazine]
  21. [https://www.filminquiry.com/big-sleep-postmodern/ How THE BIG SLEEP Made Detectives Postmodern - Film Requiry]
  22. Weekly, Fort Worth. (February 11, 2015). "Love Jones".
  23. Henderson, Eric. (November 17, 2005). "DVD Review: The Looney Tunes Movie Collection on Warner Home Video".
  24. (11 November 2003). "The Looney Tunes Golden Collection (DVD)".
  25. (September 11, 2021). "The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker".
  26. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iwekDwAAQBAJ Bruce Conner: In the Estheticization of Violence - Google Books (pg.8)]
  27. Whelan, Nicola. "Place, Memory and History: A Construction of Subjectivity in Alain Resnais and Marguerite Duras' 'Hiroshima Mon Amour'". NCAD.
  28. (28 September 2023). "What makes Antonioni's L'avventura great".
  29. Prince, Stephen. (Feb 2, 2004). "The Horror Film". Rutgers University Press.
  30. [https://www.bkmag.com/2016/12/19/reel-brooklyn-blast-of-silence-east-new-york/ REEL BROOKLYN: BLAST OF SILENCE, EAST NEW YORK - Brooklyn Magazine]
  31. (August 25, 2010). "Criterion Files #478: 'Last Year at Marienbad'".
  32. (October 19, 2021). "West Side Story: 60 years as a cultural barometer".
  33. "8 1/2 as a Postmodernist Film | Critical Film Theory: The Poetics and Politics of Film".
  34. Diaz, Jonny. (August 2, 2020). "Christopher Nolan: Postmodern Master".
  35. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JwB5AgAAQBAJ Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Culture - Google Books (pg.84)]
  36. Kumar, Arun. (November 28, 2017). "Woman in the Dunes [1964] – A Haunting Existential Masterpiece".
  37. Rivieccio, Genna. (September 6, 2021). "Pierrot Le Fou's Discourse on the Infection of Americanism in Europe and the Absurdity of Modern Society".
  38. Hoberman, J.. (26 January 2019). "Godard's Conflagration of Images | J. Hoberman".
  39. (October 19, 2020). "Fragmented Identities: Ingmar Bergman's 1966 film 'Persona'".
  40. (March 6, 2017). "Batman (1966) is a Postmodern Masterpiece".
  41. write, Thought to. (August 22, 2021). "From Modernism to Postmodernism depicting the transition through the movie: 'Blow-up'.".
  42. Roddis, Zach. (4 April 2016). "20 Great Postmodern Films You Should Watch".
  43. Teo, Stephen. (17 March 2013). "Seijun Suzuki: Authority in Minority – Senses of Cinema".
  44. [https://brightlightsfilm.com/casino-royale-33-postmodern-epic-spite/#.YrEy5-opBoM Casino Royale at 33: The Postmodern Epic in Spite of Itself - Bright Lights Film Journal]
  45. "ARCHITECTURE+FILM".
  46. [https://books.google.com/books?id=S6jKVfuQG3wC&dq=night+of+the+living+dead+postmodern&pg=PA89 The Horror Film - Google Books (pg.89)]
  47. Theology, Pop. (March 25, 2013). "Teorema: God Will Save You from Your Dull Middle-Class Existence".
  48. Kumar, Arun. (April 14, 2016). "Death by Hanging [1968]: A Brilliant, Provocative Work of a Anti-Authoritarian".
  49. [https://lisahistory.net/hist104/pw/lectures/65to85/art.htm History 104 Lecture: Social Revolution]
  50. Alias, Haziq. "The Color of Pomegranates: An Avant- Garde Film That Found Beauty Universally". None.
  51. [https://www.hammertonail.com/reviews/funeral-parade-of-roses-review/ FUNERAL PARADE OF ROSES - Hammer to Nail]
  52. (27 November 2018). "Nicolas Roeg: 7 great moments".
  53. [https://www.salon.com/2014/08/28/the_conformist_an_unsettling_political_masterpiece_returns/ "The Conformist": An unsettling political masterpiece returns - Salon]
  54. (April 15, 2021). "'El Topo' at 50: A psychedelic film endorsed by John Lennon".
  55. Acker, Melissa. (21 May 2024). "The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie – Senses of Cinema".
  56. Yigitce, Erdinch. (June 26, 2013). "Holy Blood And Holy Mountains: The Cinema Of Alejandro Jodorowsky".
  57. (2013). ""Blazing Saddles" as Postmodern Ethnic Carnival". Studies in Popular Culture.
  58. [https://www.avclub.com/the-mel-brooks-collection-1798201578 The Mel Brooks Collection. AV Club]
  59. (April 10, 2020). "Pastoral, to die in the country".
  60. [https://hillswestroundup.com/archives/26954 'Céline and Julie Go Boating' Review: Candy Can Only Fuel the Memory of Few. Hills West Roundup]
  61. Deo, Kanishka. (8 July 2014). "The 20 Best Postmodernist Movies of All Time".
  62. Wasley, Aidan. (November 1, 2005). "The greatest postmodern art film ever.".
  63. [https://www.spin.com/2018/04/you-were-never-really-here-review/ You Were Never Really Here Is A Smart Thriller That Retreads Familiar Territory: Review. SPIN]
  64. [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2011/sep/05/postmodernism-close-encounters-third-kind Was postmodernism born with Close Encounters of the Third Kind?. Culture. The Guardian]
  65. [https://www.austinfilm.org/2018/10/heart-of-weirdness-the-story-behind-hausu/ Heart of Weirdness: The Story Behind Hausu. Austin Film Society]
  66. "Filmmuseum - Program SD".
  67. Mambrol, Nasrullah. (July 1, 2017). "Modernism, Postmodernism and Film Criticism".
  68. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CVvb6gfT4o4C&dq=james+cameron+postmodern&pg=PA15 Alternate Americas: Science Fiction and American Culture - Google Books]
  69. "Post-Stalker: Notes on Post-Industrial Environments and Aesthetics".
  70. "Alexander M Gross - The Postmodern Apocalypse".
  71. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gBTTKIqz5mEC A Primer on Postmodernism - Google Books (pg.33)]
  72. Anastasova, Maria. (Oct 12, 2018). "The Suspense of Horror and the Horror of Suspense". Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  73. [https://www.rogerebert.com/streaming/as-delightful-as-it-is-insufferable-on-the-complex-joy-of-diva As Delightful As It Insufferable: On the Complex Joy of Diva - Roger Ebert]
  74. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wfd-c0blcb0C The Postmodern Presence - Google Books (pg.157)]
  75. Arnzen, Michael A.. (Feb 2, 1994). "Who's Laughing now? The Postmodern Splatter Film". Journal of Popular Film and Television.
  76. [https://books.google.com/books?id=90lCwCcQaTYC The Monstrous-feminine - Google Books (pg.73)]
  77. Staff, Slant. (Oct 28, 2022). "The 100 Best Horror Movies of All Time".
  78. [https://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/ms-45/ Review: Abel Ferrara's Ms. 45 on Drafthouse Films Blu-ray - Slant Magazine]
  79. [https://books.google.com/books?id=S6jKVfuQG3wC&dq=night+of+the+living+dead+postmodern&pg=PA89 The Horror Film – Google Books (pgs.87–113)]
  80. [https://www.documentary.org/feature/playback-connie-fields-life-and-times-rosie-riveter Connie Field's 'The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter'. International Documentary Association]
  81. [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/rick-prelinger-we-have-always-recycled Rick Prelinger: We have always recycled. BFI]
  82. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wfd-c0blcb0C The Postmodern Presence - Google Books (pg.37)]
  83. (16 October 2011). "Did We Ever Stop Being Postmodern?".
  84. [https://www.pastemagazine.com/comedy/carl-reiner/carl-reiner-dead/ Carl Reiner Has Died at the Age of 98 - Paste]
  85. (2 February 2005). "Fall Guy (Kamata Koshin-Kyoku) (1983)".
  86. [https://366weirdmovies.com/346-liquid-sky-1982/ 346. LIQUID SKY (1982). 366 Weird Movies]
  87. (July 14, 2010). "Criterion Files #387: La Jetée".
  88. [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/28985/la-jetee-sans-soleil-the-criterion-collection/?___rd=1 La Jetee/Sans Soleil: The Criterion Collection - DVD Talk]
  89. Ledingham, John. (10 April 2021). "10 Great Postmodern Sci-fi Movies To Blow Your Mind".
  90. [http://pmc.iath.virginia.edu/current.issue/18.3king.html Secret Agency in Mainstream Postmodern Cinema]
  91. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Postmodern_Hollywood/n6rOEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 Postmodern Hollywood - Google Books (pgs.34-35)]
  92. (2 August 2002). "5 FILMS THAT ARE POST MODERN MOVIES ABOUT THE NEW HOLLYWOOD".
  93. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk_mtptGx8kC Recreational Terror - Google Books]
  94. [https://blogs.iu.edu/aplaceforfilm/2018/10/18/david-and-david-at-the-movies-sorry-to-bother-you/ David and David at the Movies: Sorry to Bother You - Indiana University Cinema]
  95. Feltis, Stuart. (30 September 2025). "‘Streets of Fire’ as Global Myth".
  96. Willett, Cynthia. (1996). "Baudrillard, "After Hours", and the Postmodern Suppression of Socio-Sexual Conflict". Cultural Critique.
  97. Sterritt, David. "Brazil: A Great Place to Visit, Wouldn't Want to Live There".
  98. [https://www.screenslate.com/articles/mishima-life-four-chapters Mishama: A Life in Four Chapters. Screen Slate]
  99. Korczyński, Odys. (24 August 2024). "RADIOACTIVE DREAMS. Science fiction like a disco after a nuclear war".
  100. Gallagher, Richard. (20 July 2016). "10 Great Postmodern Documentaries That Are Worth Your Time".
  101. "Tampopo: Food and the Postmodern in the Work of Itami Jûzô". Japanstudien.
  102. [https://chicagoreader.com/film/exiles-in-modernity/ Exiles in Modernity - Chicago Reader]
  103. "MAUVAIS SANG | Viennale".
  104. "Modernism and Post-Modernism in Pop Culture - Modernism and Post-Modernism in British Literature".
  105. [https://offscreen.com/view/Circles_Myth_and_Darwinism_Stanley_Kubricks_2001_A_Space_Odyssey_and_Peter_Greenaways_A_Zed_and_Two_Noughts Circles, Myth, and Darwinism: Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey and Peter Greenaway's A Zed and Two Noughts (ZOO) - Offscreen]
  106. [https://harvardfilmarchive.org/calendar/walker-2012-06 Walker - Harvard Film Archive]
  107. [https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/free-alex-cox-event-in-aberdeen/ Free Alex Cox event in Arberdeen. Den of Geek]
  108. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4QOyAAAAQBAJ&dq=postmodern+alex+cox&pg=PA346 Historical Dictionary of Postmodernist Literature and Theater - Google Books (pg.346)]
  109. [https://www.amc.com/blogs/ten-must-see-80s-sci-fi-and-fantasy-films--1004696 Ten Must-See 80s Sci-Fi And Fantasy Films. AMC Talk. AMC]
  110. [https://thefilmstage.com/the-princess-bride-revisiting-rob-reiner-and-william-goldmans-paean-to-pure-storytelling/ 'The Princess Bride': Revisiting Rob Reiner and William Goldman's Paean to Pure Storytelling. The Film Stage]
  111. [https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/11/rip-william-goldman-creator-of-beloved-film-the-princess-bride/ RIP William Goldman, creator of beloved film, ''The Princess Bride'' - Ars Technica]
  112. [https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-07-03-8702180727-story.html FUNNY INNERSPACE DOMESTICATES ROGUE DIRECTOR – Chicago Tribune]
  113. (1991). "Handke's and Wenders's Wings of Desire: Transcending Postmodernism". The German Quarterly.
  114. [https://mobile.twitter.com/mubi/status/1324139363375095808 MUBI on Twitter: "A postmodern cult classic from Indian filmmaker Kamal Swaroop."]
  115. [https://www.highonfilms.com/10-films-to-watch-when-youre-stoned/ 10 Films To Watch When You're Stoned - High On Films]
  116. [https://www.highonfilms.com/postmodernity-in-films/ Postmodernity and the city: Blade Runner, Dark City, Akira - High on Films]
  117. (Mar 30, 2018). "30 years later and Beetlejuice is still the ghost with the most".
  118. (2 March 2006). "Who Framed Roger Rabbit?".
  119. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gBTTKIqz5mEC A Primer on Postmodernism - Google Books (pg.32)]
  120. [https://blogs.iu.edu/aplaceforfilm/2018/10/18/david-and-david-at-the-movies-sorry-to-bother-you/ David and David at the Movies: Sorry to Bother You - Indiana University Cinema]
  121. Bruyn, Dirk de. (22 April 2004). "Coming in from the Culled: A Review of A Postmodern Cinema: The Voice of the Other in Canadian Film by Mary Alemany-Galway – Senses of Cinema".
  122. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BUE7gm9TgkYC&dq=Cinema+verite+michael+moore&pg=PA160 New Working-class Studies - Google Books (pg.160)]
  123. Roddis, Zach. (4 April 2016). "20 Great Postmodern Films You Should Watch".
  124. Tavasoli, Sara. (May 22, 2015). "Postmodernism in". Research in Contemporary World Literature.
  125. (July 5, 2016). "Postmodern Need Not Mean Post-Human: Abbas Kiarostami and the Paradox of Cinema".
  126. [https://theweek.com/articles/475485/new-dvd-bluray New on DVD and Blu-ray. The Week]
  127. [https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/gremlins-2-the-new-batch-1990-film-review-by-jennie-kermode Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990) Movie Review from Eye for Film]
  128. [https://theplaylist.net/watch-depth-dissection-coen-brothers-postmodernism-millers-crossing-barton-fink-hudsucker-proxy-20160627/ Watch: In-Depth Dissection Of The Coens' Postmodernism. The Playlist]
  129. [https://directorsseries.net/2016/06/14/the-coen-brothers-4-2-the-postmodern-pictures/ The Coen Brothers (4.2)- The Postmodern Pictures - THE DIRECTORS SERIES]
  130. (13 June 2001). "Barton Fink (Joel and Ethan Coen, 1991) • Senses of Cinema".
  131. (7 May 2017). "The Coen Brothers: The Postmodern Films - Barton Fink - Film Closings".
  132. Palmer, Joy. (December 1, 2000). "Conventionalizing the Postmodern". Film-Philosophy.
  133. ŽiŽek, Slavoj. "The Double Life of Véronique: The Forced Choice of Freedom".
  134. Ledingham, John. (10 April 2021). "10 Great Postmodern Sci-fi Movies To Blow Your Mind".
  135. [https://books.google.com/books?id=J0pqFfuEebYC&dq=Postmodern+Aladdin&pg=PA45 Postmodernism in the Cinema - Google Books (pg.45)]
  136. [https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/aladdin/ Review: Aladdin - Slant Magazine]
  137. REVIEWER, M. FAUST NEWS BOOK REVIEWER, M. FAUST NEWS CONTRIBUTING. (29 November 1992). "A FIRST MOVIE WITH PLENTY OF BITE QUENTIN TARANTINO LETS 'RESERVOIR DOGS' DO THE TALKING FOR HIM".
  138. [https://collider.com/last-action-hero-arnold-schwarzenegger/ Arnold Schwarzenegger's Experimental Postmodern Film That Almost Worked - Collider]
  139. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/thenightmarebeforechristmaspgharrington_a0ab93.htm 'The Nightmare Before Christmas' (PG) - The Washington Post]
  140. Roddis, Zach. (4 April 2016). "20 Great Postmodern Films You Should Watch".
  141. Dudková, Jana. (March 23, 2013). "An Image of Recurrent Time: Notes on Cinematic Image and the Gaze in Béla Tarr?s Sátántangó". Human Affairs.
  142. Deo, Kanishka. (8 July 2014). "The 20 Best Postmodernist Movies of All Time".
  143. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QbLo8jYT4UQC Mythologies of Violence in Postmodern Media - Google Books]
  144. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZptGEAAAQBAJ Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer - Google Books (pg.121)]
  145. [https://m.cia.edu/cinematheque/film-schedule/2022/03/fallen-angels FALLEN ANGELS. Cleveland Institute of Art College of Art. 800.223.4700]
  146. [https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/brady-bunch-movie-review/ The Brady Bunch Movie Review. Empire]
  147. [https://decider.com/what-to-watch/16201/ 'The Brady Bunch Movie'. Decider]
  148. "Emir Kusturica's "Underground," text version".
  149. (26 February 2014). "Is Narrative Overrated? Finding New Ways to Engage With Cinema".
  150. (October 24, 2015). "10 Savvy Postmodern Horror Films That Helped Reinvent The Genre".
  151. [https://25yearslatersite.com/2020/06/16/schizopolis-and-the-chaos-of-american-suburban-living/ Schizopolis and the Chaos of American Suburban Living. 25YL]
  152. [https://366weirdmovies.com/216-schizopolis-1996/ 216. SCHIZOPOLIS (1996). 366 Weird Movies]
  153. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dNgIU-dg2KEC&dq=SCHIZOPOLIS+postmodern&pg=PA174 The Sundance Kids: How the Mavericks Took Back Hollywood - Google Books (pg.174)]
  154. "Sophistication and sincerity".
  155. "Olivier Assayas' "Irma Vep": A Product and Critique of the French New Wave – Brattle Theatre Film Notes".
  156. "Creating Your Own History: Archival Themes in The Watermelon Woman".
  157. Zimmer, Catherine. (2008). "Histories of The Watermelon Woman: Reflexivity between Race and Gender". Camera Obscura.
  158. [https://bostonhassle.com/cinema-quarantino-the-end-of-evangelion-1997-dir-hideaki-anno/ CINEMA QUARANTINO: The End of Evangelion (1997) dir. Hideaki Anno. BOSTON HASSLE]
  159. [https://www.criterion.com/films/31590-lost-highway Lost Highway (1997). The Criterion Collection]
  160. Duncan, Pansy. (March 23, 2015). "Bored and Boringer: avant-garde and trash in Harmony Korine's Gummo". Textual Practice.
  161. [https://www.timeout.com/movies/dark-city Dark City 1997, directed by Alex Proyas. Time Out]
  162. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uFGBDAAAQBAJ&dq=James+cameron+postmodern&pg=PA131 Postmodern Chick Flicks: The Return of the Woman's Film - Google Books]
  163. [http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2016/20-great-postmodern-films-you-should-watch/3/ 20 Great Postmodern Films You Should Watch - Taste of Cinema]
  164. Chang, Kai-man. (2008). "Gender Hierarchy and Environmental Crisis in Tsai Ming-liang's "The Hole"". Film Criticism.
  165. (2011). "Escaping the Panopticon". Utopian Studies.
  166. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BouJAwAAQBAJ&dq=pleasantville+postmodern&pg=PA125 A Retrospective of the 50s through Postmodern Cinema - Google Books (pg.125)]
  167. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUD1mFaOx8o&t=8s The Disturbing Perfection of HAPPINESS - In/Frame/Out on YouTube]
  168. [https://www.criterionchannel.com/videos/ghost-dog-the-way-of-the-samurai Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai - The Criterion Channel]
  169. (2002). "Revising the Postmodern American Road Movie: David Lynch's the Straight Story". Journal of Film and Video.
  170. "The Matrix and Postmodernism".
  171. [http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2014/20-best-postmodernist-movies/2/ The 20 Best Postmodernist Movies of All Time « Taste of Cinema]
  172. [https://emanuellevy.com/review/dancer-in-the-dark-4/ Dancer in the Dark (2000): Von Trier's Cannes Fest Top Prize-Winning Film Starring Bjork. Emanuel Levy]
  173. "The Postcolonial Self and the Other in Béla Tarr's Werckmeister Harmonies".
  174. Booker, M. Keith. (March 23, 2007). "Postmodern Hollywood: what's new in film and why it makes us feel so strange". Praeger.
  175. [https://www.brattleblog.brattlefilm.org/2015/10/15/its-such-a-beautiful-day-3393/ It's Such a Beautiful Day — Brattle Theatre Film Notes]
  176. [https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-cultural-evolution-of-shrek-from-blockbuster-hit-to-historic-meme/ A Cultural Evolution of 'Shrek', from Blockbuster Hit to Historic Meme - VICE]
  177. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/fq.2015.68.3.41 The Holy Moment on JSTOR]
  178. Deo, Kanishka. (8 July 2014). "The 20 Best Postmodernist Movies of All Time".
  179. (August 30, 2002). "Film releases: All About Lily Chou-Chou".
  180. "Views of Modern and Postmodern Tokyo: Dehumanization, Urban and Body Changes".
  181. O'Hehir, Andrew. (November 9, 2002). ""Far From Heaven"".
  182. (March 1, 2003). "Unhappily ever after".
  183. "All That the Neighbors Allow: Todd Haynes's FAR FROM HEAVEN | Cinematheque".
  184. [https://thequietus.com/articles/32425-film-24-hour-party-people-20-anniversary The Quietus. Film. Film Features. Modern Masterpiece: 20 Years Of 24 Hour Party People]
  185. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6vyun52nQtAC Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts - Google Books (pg.289)]
  186. [https://www.scaruffi.com/director/dante.html The History of Cinema. Joe Dante - Piero Scaruffi's knowledge base]
  187. [https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/scope/documents/2006/october-2006/karatsu.pdf Between Comedy and Kitsch: Kitano's Zatoichi and Kurosawa's Traditions of "Jidaigeki" Comedies by Rie Karatsu, Massey University, New Zealand]
  188. [https://flipscreened.com/2021/10/02/the-humanity-of-2000s-postmodernist-cinema/ The Humanity of 2000s Postmodernist Cinema - Flip Screen]
  189. [https://www.npr.org/2005/05/27/4670113/team-america-world-police 'Team America: World Police' : NPR]
  190. (June 21, 2005). "To Halve and to Hold".
  191. Gallagher, Richard. (20 July 2016). "10 Great Postmodern Documentaries That Are Worth Your Time".
  192. "The Postmodern Eyes of Chinese Cinema".
  193. (November 10, 2017). "Critic's Picks: Amy Adams' Top 5 Performances".
  194. "Todd Haynes, I'm Not There and the Postmodern Biopic".
  195. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xEi8qg266g&t=869s Why Do Movies Feel So Different Now? - Thomas Flight on YouTube]
  196. (6 June 2014). "The Quietus | Film | Film Features | Life's Incidental Character: The Films Of Agnès Varda".
  197. (13 May 2009). "The ultimate postmodern novel is a film".
  198. Ebiri, Bilge. (27 September 2010). "Gaspar Noé on Why Enter the Void Is Avatar for the Art Crowd: Both Are 'Like Taking Drugs'".
  199. "Shutter Island".
  200. "The remake of memory: Martin Scorsese's Shutter Island and Pedro Almodovar's The Skin I Live In".
  201. Gittins, Sean. (2012). "Film Socialisme".
  202. Bauer, Marko. (17 December 2013). "Pure West: Drive, nostalgia for postmodernism – Senses of Cinema".
  203. "A perfectly modern Frankenstein: Almodóvar's The Skin I Live In (2011, Sony Pictures Classics)".
  204. Martin, Jake. "We need to talk about We Need to Talk about Kevin". Busted Halo.
  205. "The blind spot of history: colonialism in Tabu - CentAUR".
  206. Verma, Shikhar. (June 6, 2017). "Holy Motors [2012]: The Death & Re-birth of Cinema".
  207. (Aug 13, 2012). "'ParaNorman' Is a Hilarious, Heartfelt Horror Homage, PopMatters".
  208. Dargis, Manohla. (April 30, 2013). "Juggling Primal Conflicts of Innocence and Sin". The New York Times.
  209. [https://chicagoreader.com/film/why-cant-grown-up-animations-catch-a-break-on-oscar-night/ Why can't grown-up animations catch a break on Oscar night? - Chicago Reader]
  210. (March 16, 2019). ""This is the bloody twenty-first century!": The (Post)Modern Vampires of Jim Jarmusch's Only Lovers Left Alive".
  211. "Nicolas Winding Refn".
  212. "An Exploration of Music in Postmodern Films".
  213. [https://www.indiewire.com/2015/04/review-insubstantial-clouds-of-sils-maria-with-kristen-stewart-juliette-binoche-makes-no-lasting-impression-265211/ Review: Insubstantial 'Clouds of Sils Maria'. Indiewire]
  214. [https://www.https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2022/forms-that-think-jean-luc-godard/exploding-the-sign-from-within-paradoxes-of-post-structuralist-epistemology-in-adieu-au-langage/ Exploding the Sign from Within: Paradoxes of Post-Structuralist Epistemology in Adieu au Langage. Senses of Cinema]
  215. [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-lego-production-20140207-story.html 'The Lego Movie': Building a postmodern, tongue-in-cheek toy film - Los Angeles Times]
  216. [https://seattleglobalist.com/2016/03/09/cemetery-of-splendor-thai-apichatpong-weerasethakul/48413 "Thai film 'Cemetery of Splendor' blends surrealism and fear"], ''The Seattle Globalist''
  217. [https://cinemayward.com/review/world-of-tomorrow/ World of Tomorrow - cinemayward]
  218. [https://movieweb.com/deadpool-philosophy-nihilism-postmodernism-irony/ Deadpool and Philosophy: Nihilism, Postmodernism, and the Prison of Irony - MovieWeb]
  219. "La La Land: American postmodern musical without a cause|The Australian".
  220. [https://genzcritics.com/2017/01/la-la-land-a-grandiose-dream-of-the-modern-musical/ La La Land: A Grandiose Dream of the Modern Musical – Gen Z Critics]
  221. (January 1, 2017). "A Second Look at 'La La Land': Why It's Not Just Good, But Great".
  222. [https://filmmakermagazine.com/97149-at-sundance-in-defense-of-daniel-radcliffes-farting-corpse/ At Sundance: In Defense of Daniel Radcliffe's Farting Corpse. Filmmaker Magazine]
  223. (March 5, 2017). "'Get Out' Is The Type Of Movie The Oscars Should Pay Attention To".
  224. [https://www.ageofthenerd.com/2017/11/i-tonya-and-the-postmodern-protagonist/ 'I, Tonya' and the Postmodern Protagonist - Age of the Nerd]
  225. (September 9, 2017). "The Square Pokes Fun at the Postmodern Art World".
  226. (July 10, 2019). "Only I Know the Secrets: Breaking Down 'Under the Silver Lake' | BW/DR".
  227. [https://www.riotmaterial.com/silence-sound-wonderstruck-and-the-post-modern-gaze/ Silence & Sound: Wonderstruck and the Post-Modern Gaze – Riot Material]
  228. [https://deadline.com/2018/12/oscars-best-animated-feature-disney-pixar-commentary-news-1202519023/ Oscars: Can Anyone Break Disney & Pixar's Animated Feature Streak In 2019? - Deadline]
  229. [https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/anatomy-of-a-superhero-miles-morales-in-across-the-spider-verse-is-the-true-postmodern-spider-man/cid/1952670 Anatomy of a superhero: Miles Morales in Across the Spider-Verse is the true postmodern Spider-Man. Telegraph India]
  230. [https://www.heraldnet.com/life/new-spider-man-an-oh-so-postmodern-take-on-marvel-franchise/ New 'Spider-Man' an oh-so-postmodern take on Marvel franchise. HeraldNet.com]
  231. [https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/spider-man-across-the-spider-verse-review-plenty-of-postmodern-pizzazz-jspwp6mspv Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse review - plenty of postmodern pizzazz - The Times]
  232. [https://www.academia.edu/44876418/The_House_that_Lars_Built_The_Architecture_of_Transgression_Lars_von_Trier_The_House_that_Jack_Built_ (PDF) The House that Lars Built - academia.edu]
  233. "Falling asleep at the Movies: Long Day's Journey Into Night by Jamie Limond – The Drouth".
  234. [https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/07/rian-johnson-trades-in-lightsabers-for-postmodern-whodunnit-knives-out/ Rian Johnson trades in lightsabers for postmodern whodunnit Knives Out. Ars Technica]
  235. Alm, David. "Review: Pedro Almodóvar's 'Pain And Glory'".
  236. [https://www.indiewire.com/feature/female-directors-best-movies-directed-by-women-1202045399/ Female Directors: Best Movies Directed By Women. IndieWire]
  237. [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2021-10-28/last-night-in-soho-edgar-wright-anya-taylor-joy-thomasin-mckenzie 'Last Night in Soho' review: Anya Taylor-Joy shakes up horror - Los Angeles Times]
  238. (November 28, 2021). "Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn review – playful Romanian sex tape satire".
  239. [https://www.moviejawn.com/home/2022/1/14/belle-draws-on-western-stories-to-tell-a-postmodern-fable-about-healing BELLE draws on Western stories to tell a postmodern fable about healing - Moviejawn]
  240. (October 20, 2021). "Movie Review: "Bergman Island" a Playful Riff on Creativity".
  241. [https://sdavidmiller.com/octo/blog/2023/02/14/best-films-of-2022/ Best Films of 2022 - Stephen David Miller]
  242. [https://angelusnews.com/arts-culture/oscars-babylon-tolkien/ Why Oscar contender 'Babylon' could take a page from Tolkien - Angelus News]
  243. [https://movieweb.com/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-bridges-the-gap/ How Everything Everywhere All At Once Bridges the Gap Between Summer Blockbusters and Arthouse Cinema - MovieWeb]
  244. [https://thehoya.com/barbie-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-and-the-problem-of-postmodern-endings/ PHILM AND PHILOSOPHY. 'Barbie', 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' and the Problem of Postmodern Endings]
  245. Gittell, Noah. (Jul 20, 2022). "Jordan Peele's Nope Fails to Dazzle When the Aliens Are Revealed - WCP".
  246. [https://projectedfigures.com/2023/01/01/razzennest-2022/ 'Razzennest' review - Projected Figures]
  247. [https://screenanarchy.com/2023/04/panic-fest-2023-review-razzennest-successfully-brings-the-audio-drama-to-film.html 'Razzennest' review - ScreenAnarchy]
  248. [https://www.postalley.org/2023/03/18/tar-and-the-modern-discourse-over-power-and-art/ ‘Tár’ and the Discourse over Power and Art - Post Alley]
  249. [https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220831-white-noise-is-thrillingly-original White Noise is 'thrillingly original' - BBC Culture]
  250. [https://www.original-cin.ca/posts/2022/9/15/pearl-ti-wests-post-modern-slasher-trilogy-reaches-its-bloody-mid-point/ Pearl: Ti West's Post-Modern Slasher Trilogy Reaches Its Bloody Mid-Point - Original Cin]
  251. [https://rendyreviews.com/movie-reviews/barbie-review 'Barbie' Review: Doll in Plastic Gets a Greta Gerwig Grounding in Kentastic Postmodern Campy Romp - Rendy Reviews]
  252. [https://nofilmschool.com/beau-is-afraid-narrative-structure-meaning Why the Postmodern Structure of Ari Aster's 'Beau is Afraid' Works Masterfully - No Film School]
  253. [https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/night-devil-david-dastmalchian-terrified-201535212.html Late Night With the Devil’s David Dastmalchian Was “Terrified” to Play a Talk Show Host – Consequence via Yahoo!]
  254. [https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/best-movies-2024/ The 25 Best Movies of 2024 - IndieWire]
  255. [https://saltlakefilmreview.com/2024/08/28/between-the-temples-held-this-viewer-at-a-distance/ ‘Between the Temples’ Held This Viewer at a Distance - Salt Lake Film Review]
  256. [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/8666-debating-the-brutalist/ Debating ''The Brutalist'' - The Criterion Collection]
  257. [https://filmfreakcentral.net/2024/10/a-different-man-2024/ A Different Man - Film Freak Central]
  258. [https://nextbestpicture.com/our-most-anticipated-films-for-2024 Our Most Anticipated Films For 2024 - Next Best Picture]
  259. [https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/apr/01/the-most-precious-of-cargoes-review-postmodern-holocaust-fairytale-is-dreamy-curiosity The Most Precious of Cargoes review – postmodern Holocaust fairytale is dreamy curiosity. The Guardian]
  260. [https://www.michigandaily.com/arts/the-top-10-films-of-2024/ The Best Films of 2024 - Michigan Daily]
  261. [https://badgerherald.com/artsetc/reviews/2025/04/14/the-post-modern-appeal-of-a-minecraft-movie/ The post-modern appeal of 'A Minecraft Movie' – The Badger Herald]
  262. Nichols, Bill. (2010). "Introduction to Documentary". Indiana University Press.
  263. (November 28, 2016). "The Evolution of Pedro Almodóvar".
  264. Dilley, Whitney Crothers. (August 23, 2017). "The Cinema of Wes Anderson: Bringing Nostalgia to Life". Wallflower Press.
  265. [https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/09/02/comics-in-context-100-centennial-cartoon-concert Comics in Context #100: Centennial Cartoon Concert - IGN]
  266. [https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2022/07/new-hollywood-and-the-60s-melting-pot/ "New Hollywood" and the 60s Melting Pot. Jonathan Rosenbaum]
  267. (March 1, 2001). "Postmodern Cinema and Hollywood Culture in an Age of Corporate Colonization". Democracy & Nature.
  268. [https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2022/04/joe-dantes-purgatory/ Joe Dante's Purgatory. Jonathan Rosenbaum]
  269. [https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4670320/mod_resource/content/1/Neurosis%20Hotel%20-%20Adrian%20Martin.pdf Neurosis Hotel: An introduction to Abel Ferrara - Adrian Martin.pdf]
  270. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cDM0ZUuD8_oC Peter Greenaway's Postmodern / Poststructuralist Cinema - Google Books]
  271. [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/peter-greenways-eisenstei_b_7050656 Peter Greenaway's "Eisenstein in Guanajuato" at the Istanbul Film Festival - HuffPost]
  272. [https://www.austinfilm.org/2020/02/read-more-don-hertzfeldts-stick-figures-at-20/ Read More: Don Hertzfeldt's Stick Figures at 20. Austin Film Society]
  273. Mironescu, Andreea. (2017). "In-Between Histories: Intermedial Configurations in Radu Jude's Collage Film "The Dead Nation"". Jazyk a kultúra.
  274. Bleasdale, John. (22 August 2025). "(Review) Dracula: It’s hard to resist the irreverence of Radu Jude’s overstuffed vampire parody". [[British Film Institute]].
  275. Lazar, Veronica. (January 2019). "An updated political modernism: Radu Jude and "I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians"". Close Up: Film and Media Studies.
  276. [https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2021/book-reviews/time-machines-after-kubrick-a-filmmakers-legacy-edited-by-jeremi-szaniawski/ Time Machines: After Kubrick: A Filmmaker's Legacy, edited by Jeremi Szaniawski · Senses of Cinema]
  277. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Culture_War/YfTBDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 Culture War: How the '90s Made Us Who We Are Today (Whether We Like It Or Not) - Google Books (ch. "Indie-Pendent's Day")]
  278. [https://filmmakermagazine.com/100847-jim-hemphills-best-blu-rays-of-2016/#.YnadAuopBoM Jim Hemphill's Best Blu-rays of 2016. Filmmaker Magazine]
  279. [https://kitbashed.com/blog/there-was-once-a-certain-kind-of-cinema There Was Once a Certain Kind of Cinema — Kitbashed]
  280. Haider, Asad. (October 2018). "Me and You and Everyone We Know: The Postmodern Happiness of the Contemporary Art Film – Senses of Cinema".
  281. "The Postmodern Films Of Guy Maddin".
  282. "An Interview with Guy Maddin".
  283. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2pNlDwAAQBAJ&dq=Michael+Moore+postmodern&pg=PA162 New Working-Class Studies - Google Books (pg. 162)]
  284. [https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/the-perils-of-michael-moore The Perils of Michael Moore - Dissent Magazine]
  285. Hassannia, Tina. (December 11, 2013). "The Nature of Truth: Errol Morris's The Thin Blue Line".
  286. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/studamerhumor.2.2.0266 Can I Live? Contemporary Black Satire and the State of Postmodern Double Consciousness on JSTOR]
  287. [https://www.artbook.com/blog-get-out-jordan-peele.html Jordan Peele on 'Get Out' and writing for the Black audience]
  288. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mbPcNJ5eoN4C&dq=Written+on+the+wind+1956+postmodern&pg=PA133 Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism - Google Books (pg.133)]
  289. [https://observer.com/2003/12/kevin-smith-im-a-sellout/ Kevin Smith: 'I'm a Sellout!' - Observer]
  290. (2012). "Smart Cinema, DVD Add-Ons and New Audience Pleasures".
  291. [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2011/sep/05/postmodernism-close-encounters-third-kind Was postmodernism born with ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind''?]
  292. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uFGBDAAAQBAJ Postmodern Chick Flicks - Google Books (pg.43)]
  293. (December 22, 2016). "Elements of Mise en Scene in Postmodern Cinema".
  294. [https://www.34st.com/article/2025/03/cinema-history-irony-earnest-post-modernism-ryan-reynolds-david-leitch Towards an Earnest Cinema. 34th Street Magazine]
  295. [https://cinema.cornell.edu/fallen-angels Fallen Angels. Cornell Cinema]
  296. [https://digitaljournalist.org/issue0302/editorial.html TV News in a Postmodern World by Terry L. Heaton - The Digital Journalist]
  297. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oe4fDAAAQBAJ&dq=30+rock+postmodern&pg=PT235 ''TV Finales FAQ – Google Books'']
  298. [https://slate.com/culture/2013/01/week-11-american-horror-story-s-music-and-look-a-work-of-postmodern-beauty.html American Horror Story’s music and look: a work of postmodern beauty. – Slate Magazine]
  299. [https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-arrested-development-netflix-hurwitz-20130524-story.html 'Arrested Development' finds new life in the land of Netflix – Baltimore Sun]
  300. [http://www.thefactorytimes.com/factory-times/2017/10/18/postmodernism-in-television Postmodernism in Television — The Factory Times]
  301. [https://movieweb.com/trashy-reality-tv-shows/ These Reality TV Shows Are the Pinnacle of Trashy Fun – MovieWeb]
  302. [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/lostinshowbiz/2007/oct/26/istheusreadyforafictiona Is the US ready for a fictional president?. Celebrity. The Guardian]
  303. [http://www.torontostandard.com/culture/why-community-is-the-best-show-youre-not-watching/ The Post-Modern Sitcom. Toronto Standard]
  304. [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/23/arts/television/community-nbc-streaming.html Comfort Viewing: 3 Reasons I Love 'Community' – The New York Times]
  305. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hj1r1 'You Should See Yourself': Jewish Identity in Postmodern American Culture on JSTOR]
  306. [https://www.academia.edu/18804881/Embedded_Realities_and_Simulacra_A_Close_Reading_of_Don_t_Hug_Me_I_m_Scared_ Embedded Realities and Simulacra: A Close Reading of ‘Don’t Hug Me I’m Scared’ - Academia.edu]
  307. [https://www.pastemagazine.com/tv/amazon-prime-video/fallout-tv-series-ending-explained-spoilers-streaming-industry-corporations Fallout and the Post-Modern Television Post-Apocalypse - Paste Magazine]
  308. [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/20/arts/television/best-international-tv-shows.html The 30 Best International TV Shows of the Decade – The New York Times]
  309. [https://www.nathanrabin.com/happy-place/2022/1/31/control-nathan-rabin-40-260-freakazoid-and-?rq=post%20modern Control Nathan Rabin 4.0 #260 Freakazoid! "Five Day Forecast/The Dance of Doom/Handman" and "Candle Jack/Toby Danger in Doomsday Bet/The Lobe" - Nathan Rabin's Happy Place]
  310. [https://www.popmatters.com/hell-on-wheels-tactical-homage-western-genre-postmodern-pastiche-2495405045.html 'HELL ON WHEELS' IS BOTH A TACTICAL HOMAGE TO THE WESTERN GENRE AND A POSTMODERN PASTICHE. PopMatters]
  311. [https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220606-the-10-best-tv-shows-of-2022-so-far The 10 best TV shows of 2022 so far – BBC Culture]
  312. [https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2016/mar/24/garry-shandling-comedy-sitcom-legacy Garry Shandling: the standup who changed the sitcom forever. Comedy. The Guardian]
  313. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1uA66mEq9MC&dq=larry+sanders+show+postmodern&pg=PT160 The Politics of Humor – Google Books]
  314. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/magpie-murders-review-a-postmodern-mystery-on-pbs-magpie-murders-review-pbs-lesley-manville-conleth-hill-tim-mcmullan-anthony-horowitz-peter-cattaneo-matthew-beard-claire-rushbrook-alexandros-logothetis-11665692710 'Magpie Murders' Review: A Postmodern Mystery on PBS – WSJ]
  315. [https://www.avclub.com/mary-hartman-mary-hartman-combined-soap-opera-satire-1798242393 Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman combined soap opera, satire, and nightmare - AV Club]
  316. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wfd-c0blcb0C The Postmodern Presence – Google Books (pgs.35–36)]
  317. [https://laughingsquid.com/how-monty-python-influenced-modern-comedy/ How Monty Python's Mix of Postmodern Absurdity and Political Satire Influenced Shows Like 'Rick and Morty' – Laughing Squid]
  318. [https://ew.com/article/1991/08/16/cables-mystery-science-theater/ Cable's 'Mystery Science Theater 3000'. EW.com]
  319. [https://www.popmatters.com/71108-on-evas-and-angels-postmodern-fantasy-devotion-to-neon-genesis-evange-2496051663.html On Evas and Angels: Postmodern Fantasy Devotion to Neon Genesis Evangelion. PopMatters]
  320. [https://www.ocregister.com/2013/05/14/the-office-a-postmodern-success-wraps-up/ 'The Office': a postmodern success wraps up – Orange County Register]
  321. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Seeing_Through_the_Eighties/ZUtZCfvJkboC?hl=en&gbpv=1 Seeing Through the Eighties – Google Books (pg.9)]
  322. [http://www.tvparty.com/1-postmodern-sitcoms.html The Post Modern Sitcom / TVparty!]
  323. [https://www.bkmag.com/2021/05/06/a-new-book-argues-that-reality-tv-is-the-postmodern-art-form-par-excellence/ IN PRAISE OF REALITY TV AS 'POSTMODERN ART PAR EXCELLENCE' – Brooklyn Magazine]
  324. Wilson, Jack. (August 22, 2022). "'The Rehearsal' Blurs the Lines Between Reality and Simulation". [[Collider (website).
  325. [https://www.pastemagazine.com/comedy/rick-and-morty/rick-and-morty-season-4-midseason-premiere-review/ Rick and Morty Almost Swallows Itself in a Too Meta Midseason Premiere – Paste Magazine]
  326. [https://www.thesmartset.com/in-defense-of-riverdale/ In Defense of Riverdale. The Smart Set]
  327. [https://www.theringer.com/2016/9/1/16045570/rupauls-drag-race-makes-good-on-the-promise-of-reality-tv-5b5b0aead88e The Perfectly Postmodern Reality TV of 'RuPaul's Drag Race – The Ringer]
  328. [https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20241001-how-saturday-night-live-became-a-tv-phenomenon-but-then-lost-its-way How Saturday Night Live became a TV phenomenon – but then lost its way – BBC]
  329. [https://www.avclub.com/saturday-night-live-classic-norman-lear-boz-scaggs-1798203665 Saturday Night Live (Classic): "Norman Lear/Boz Scaggs" – AV Club]
  330. [https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1998-05-03-1998123008-story.html The world according to 'Seinfeld' No hugging, no learning. No aging, commitment or obligation. We've laughed at such postmodern sentiments for nine years. Is there anything wrong with that? – Baltimore Sun]
  331. [https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/how-always-sunny-surpassed-seinfeld/ How Always Sunny Surpassed Seinfeld – Den of Geek]
  332. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ah3xCgAAQBAJ American TV Detective Dramas – Google Books (pg.36)]
  333. [https://www.awn.com/animationworld/dr-toon-animation-critics-art-defining-our-terms Dr. Toon: The Animation Critic's Art – Defining Our Terms. Animation World Network]
  334. [https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/did-the-simpsons-ruin-a-generation Did the Simpsons Ruin a Generation?. Desiring God]
  335. [http://cinetext.philo.at/magazine/voigts-virchow/suspense_potter_lynch.html Eckart Voigts-Virchow (GieBen) "Goodbye suspense goodbye"? Postmodern TV Crime in The Singing Detective (1986) and Twin Peaks (1990–91) – cinetext]
  336. [http://archive.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2007/06/08/postmodern_laughs_from_the_mob/ Postmodern laughs from the mob – The Boston Globe]
  337. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1wy49i-gQjIC Satire TV – Google Books (pg.135)]
  338. [https://movieweb.com/space-ghost-guests-stars/ Weirdest Space Ghost Guest Stars, Ranked – MovieWeb]
  339. [https://slate.com/culture/2010/10/making-sense-of-the-bloodiest-postmodern-show-on-television-spartacus.html Making sense of the bloodiest postmodern show on television, Spartacus - Slate Magazine]
  340. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y34yDwAAQBAJ Kids' TV Grow Up – Google Books (pg.182)]
  341. [https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2020/03/neflix-new-teen-nostalgia-i-am-not-okay-with-this-sex-education-stranger-things/607366/ Why Netflix's Teen Dramas Feel So Retro – The Atlantic]
  342. [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-tv-shows-ever-top-819499/true-detective/ Best TV Shows Ever: Top 100 Television Programs – The Hollywood Reporter]
  343. [https://livewire.thewire.in/out-and-about/tv/a-sitcom-through-the-ages-a-potmodern-review-of-marvels-wandavision/ A Sitcom Through the Ages: A Postmodern Review of Marvel's 'WandaVision'. LiveWire]
  344. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/432310 The X-Files and the Aesthetics and Politics of Postmodern Pop on JSTOR]
  345. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0aQEDmwcoNgC Strange TV: Innovative Series from The Twilight Zone to the X-Files – Google Books]
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

postmodern-films postmodern-works 1940s-in-film 1950s-in-film 1960s-in-film 1970s-in-film 1980s-in-animation 1980s-in-film 1990s-in-animation 1990s-in-film 2000s-in-animation 2000s-in-film 2010s-in-animation 2010s-in-film 2020s-in-film 2020s-in-animation concepts-in-aesthetics film-genres postmodernism postmodern-art theories-of-aesthetics self-reflexive-television 1960s-in-television 1970s-in-television 1980s-in-television 1990s-in-television 2000s-in-television 2010s-in-television 2020s-in-television postmodern-television
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Postmodernist film — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report