Portinscale

History

The antiquary W. G. Collingwood, commenting on an archaeological find at Portinscale, wrote that it showed that "Stone Age man was fairly at home in the Lake District". The remains of the workshop of a prehistoric tool-maker were discovered in 1901 by workmen digging out a fish-pond near the village, about 150 yd from the north-west shore of Derwentwater. A later find was a mould dating from about 1400, used to make crucifixes for the use of religious pilgrims. Hardwicke Rawnsley, co-founder of the National Trust and vicar of Portinscale's parish church, Crosthwaite, theorised that the mouldings were sold to people en route to St Herbert's Island from Nichol End, Portinscale's embarkation point on Derwentwater. From medieval times until the twentieth century, according to records at Carlisle Castle, a Court leet met periodically and appointed constables for Portinscale. In the seventeenth century the village was a centre of Quakerism, and for preaching without a licence several local Quakers suffered the prescribed penalty, "ye Spoiling of their goods and imprisonment of their bodys." During the Second World War the British army's infantry driving and maintenance school was based in Portinscale.

The main road from Keswick to Cockermouth ran through Portinscale until a bypass was built in the 1960s. In 1911 there was controversy about the county council's proposal to demolish the medieval bridge carrying the road across the River Derwent and replace it with a modern structure. There had been a stone bridge on the site since c. 1210–16, although the date of the structure under threat in 1911 is unknown. The bridge, properly called "the Long Bridge", was unusual in having two arches; on the great coach road from Kendal to Cockermouth all but two of the other bridges crossed their rivers in a single span. Rawnsley and Sir Robert Hunter of the National Trust led the opposition to the council's proposal. They were supported by The Times, The Manchester Guardian and the Royal Automobile Club, and the proposal was dropped. The old bridge survived for another 43 years, until it was damaged beyond repair by floods in December 1954. A temporary metal girder Callender-Hamilton bridge was placed across the river, to carry alternating one-way traffic, and a new permanent bridge was built 400 yards downstream, allowing the diversion of the main road to by-pass the village. After the new road bridge was opened, the temporary metal structure was replaced by a new pedestrian bridge on the old site, allowing foot traffic between Portinscale and Keswick on the path across the fields known as the Howrahs.|group= n}}

Features and attractions

The village hall was opened on 10 October 1925. The village has one pub, the Farmer's Arms; a restaurant, the Chalet; a café, the Dandelion; the Derwent Water Marina; numerous bed-and-breakfast establishments; and a substantial and long-established hotel, the Derwentwater, originally called the Black Dog, and then from about 1815 the Marshal Blücher. In 1847 the authors of a guide to Cumberland wrote, "The Blücher hotel occupies a delightful situation in the village … attached to it are neat public gardens, or pleasure grounds, and there is an interesting aviary, in which, amongst several other valuable birds are two golden eagles, – perhaps the only birds of the kind in the north of England."

Next to the hotel is Derwent Hill Outdoor Education and Training Centre. It has been owned by Sunderland City Council since 1962, and is a residential centre offering courses for children and young people, leadership and management training, conference facilities and group accommodation.

On the edge of Portinscale is Derwent Bank, a large house built as "Finkle Street House" in 1785; since 1937 it has been a centre for walking holidays. Just outside the village are two large country houses designed by Alfred Waterhouse: Fawe Park, built in 1858, and Lingholm, built in the 1870s. The former is close to the Nichol End stop of the Keswick Launch Company's Derwentwater ferry service.

Gallery

File:Portinscale-finkle-street.jpg|alt=view of village street with old cottages|Finkle Street in the centre of Portinscale File:Portinscale-farmers-arms.jpg|alt=exterior of country pub|Portinscale village pub File:Portinscale-new-road-bridge.jpg|alt=a modern, stone clad bridge over a river|New road bridge File:Portinscale-footbridge-side.jpg|alt=a modern metal suspension brige over a river|New footbridge on site of old road bridge File:Portinscale-footbridge-top.jpg|alt= pillars of suspension bridge|Entrance to new footbridge File:Portinscale-derwentwater-hotel.jpg|alt=exterior of old building|Derwentwater Hotel

File:Portinscale-finkle-street-and-chalet.jpg|Finkle Street looking south

File:Portinscale-moorings-from-lake.jpg|alt=View from centre of lake towards moorings|Moorings at Portinscale seen from Derwentwater

Sources

References

1. "Election Maps". Ordnance Survey.
2. [http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-northwestengland.php?cityid=E34003638 "Portinscale (Cumbria)"] City Population. Retrieved 18 April 2014
3. Fellows-Jensen, pp. 124–125
4. Ekwall (1959), pp. 49–51
5. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, New Series, 1866ff, ''quoted'' in Ekwall (1960), p. 371
6. Collingwood, p. 6
7. Rawnsley, H D. "Prehistoric Man in the Lake District", ''The Times'', 7 December 1901, p. 11
8. Bott, p. 5
9. Morris and Hodgson, p. 27
10. Bott, p. 130
11. Wood, p. 187
12. Thompson, pp. 347–348.
13. "The Care of Old Bridges", ''The Times'', 30 October 1911, p. 9; and "Portinscale Bridge", ''The Manchester Guardian'', 1 November 1911, p. 8
14. Bott, pp. 177–178
15. Bott, p. 178
16. {{#tag:ref. The name dates back to the 18th century; the historian J W Kaye links it to the landowner, [[Edward Stephenson (colonial administrator). Edward Stephenson]], who retired to his native Keswick having been an important figure in the [[East India Company]]. Stephenson was based in [[Calcutta]] of which [[Howrah]] was a suburb.Kaye, p. 345
17. "Welcome to Portinscale Village Hall". Above Derwent.
18. [http://www.marstonspubs.co.uk/thefarmersarms/ "The Farmer's Arms"] {{webarchive. link. (19 April 2014 ; Marstons Pubs. Retrieved 18 April 2014)
19. [http://thechaletportinscale.co.uk/ "Home"], The Chalet, Retrieved 18 April 2014
20. [http://dandelioncafe.co.uk/our-menus/derwentwater/ "Home"] {{webarchive. link. (17 April 2014 , Dandelion café, Retrieved 18 April 2014)
21. [http://www.derwentwatermarina.co.uk/ "Welcome"] Derwent Water Marina, Retrieved 18 April 2014
22. [http://www.keswick.org/explore/explore-our-towns-villages/portinscale-keswick/ "Portinscale"], Keswick, The Lake District. Retrieved 18 April 2014
23. Bott, p. 44
24. Mannix and Whellan, p. 560
25. "Derwent Hill – Outdoor education in the Lake District".
26. Bott, p. 54
27. Bott, p. 63
28. [http://www.visitcumbria.com/alfred-waterhouse/ "Alfred Waterhouse in Cumbria"], Visit Cumbria. Retrieved 18 April 2014
29. [http://www.keswick-launch.co.uk/map_derwentwater.htm "Map of Derwentwater"], Keswick Launch. Retrieved 18 April 2014