Porter County, Indiana

municipalities 374th largest county in U.S.{{cite web

Kankakee River Lake Michigan Little Calumet River Port of Indiana-Burns Harbor Salt Creek

Porter County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 173,215, making it the 10th most populous county in Indiana. The county seat is Valparaiso. The county is part of Northwest Indiana, as well as the Chicago metropolitan area. Porter County is the site of much of the Indiana Dunes, an area of ecological significance.Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, The Hour Glass Museum in Ogden Dunes documents the region's ecological significance.

History

The Porter County area was occupied by an Algonquian people dubbed Huber-Berrien. This subsistence culture arrived after the glaciers retreated around 15,000 years ago and the rise of glacial Lake Algonquian, 4–8,000 years ago. The native people of this area were next recorded during the Iroquois Wars (1641–1701) as being Potawatomi and Miami. The trading post system used by the French and then the English encouraged native people to live in central villages along major waterways. Therefore, there are no recorded villages within Porter County's current boundaries. It was not until 1830 when Chiqua's town and Tassinong appear on maps and in records.

After the American Revolutionary War established US sovereignty over the territory of the upper midwest, the new federal government defined the Northwest Territory in 1787 which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the governor of the territory, and Vincennes was established as the capital. After the Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography. By December 1816 the Indiana Territory was admitted to the Union as a state.

The Indiana State Legislature passed an omnibus county bill on February 7, 1835, that authorized the creation of thirteen counties in northeast Indiana, including Porter. In 1837 the county was organized. It was named for Capt. David Porter, naval officer during the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812.

In 1962, Bethlehem Steel built a large integrated steel mill on the shores of Lake Michigan, which is now owned and operated by Cleveland-Cliffs. The construction of the mill, as well as the neighboring Port of Indiana, generated enormous controversy between industrial interests and locals who wanted to conserve the natural shoreline and habitat. Although the activists lost and the steel mill and port were constructed, the US Congress created the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in 1966 to protect the area's unique natural habitat.

Geography

Porter County lies on the northern edge of Indiana; its north border is formed by Lake Michigan and its south border is formed by the westward-flowing Kankakee River Its once-tree-covered low rolling hills have been cleared and devoted to agriculture; the only exceptions in Porter County are the drainages carved into the terrain, which are brush-filled. The East Arm Little Calumet River flows westward through the upper portion of Porter County. The highest point, at 870 ft, is a small hill on the county's east border, 2.75 miles (4.4 km) NW of Westville. The lowest point, at approximately 585 ft, is along the Lake Michigan shoreline (exact elevation varies due to variation in lake level). According to the 2010 census, the county has an area of 521.78 sqmi, of which 418.15 sqmi (or 80.14%) is land and 103.63 sqmi (or 19.9%) is water, most of it in Lake Michigan.

Adjacent counties

• LaPorte County - east
• Starke County - southeast
• Jasper County - south
• Lake County - west
• Cook County, Illinois - northwest, boundary in Lake Michigan
• Berrien County, Michigan - northeast, boundary in Lake Michigan

Protected areas

• Indiana Dunes National Park (part)
• Indiana Dunes National Park Heron Rookery
• Indiana Dunes State Park
• Moraine Nature Preserve

Major highways

Railroads

• Amtrak
• Canadian National
• Chesapeake and Indiana Railroad
• Chicago, Fort Wayne and Eastern Railroad
• Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad
• CSX Transportation
• Norfolk Southern Railway
• South Shore Line

Municipalities

The municipalities in Porter County and their populations as of the 2010 Census:

Cities

• Portage – 38,882
• Valparaiso – 34,937

Towns

• Beverly Shores – 604
• Burns Harbor – 2,185
• Chesterton – 14,913
• Dune Acres – 234
• Hebron – 3,725
• Kouts – 2,068
• Ogden Dunes – 1,167
• Porter – 5,205
• Town of Pines – 594

Census-designated places

• Aberdeen – 1,875
• Lakes of the Four Seasons – 3,097 (7,033 including portion in Lake County)
• Salt Creek Commons – 2,117
• Shorewood Forest – 2,708
• South Haven – 5,282
• Wheeler – 443

Unincorporated communities

• Aylesworth
• Babcock
• Beatrice
• Boone Grove
• Burdick
• Clanricarde
• Coburg
• Crocker
• Furnessville
• Hurlburt
• Malden
• Porter Crossroads
• Sedley
• Suman
• Tassinong
• Woodville

Townships

The 12 townships of Porter County:

• Boone
• Center
• Jackson
• Liberty
• Morgan
• Pine
• Pleasant
• Portage
• Porter
• Union
• Washington
• Westchester

Education

Colleges and Universities

• Ivy Tech Community College
• Valparaiso University

Public School Districts

Public schools in Porter County are administered by several districts, most of which cover areas that roughly follow the county's township boundaries:

• Metropolitan School District of Boone Township – Boone Township

• Duneland School Corporation – Jackson, Liberty and Westchester townships

• East Porter County School Corporation – Morgan, Pleasant and Washington townships

• Michigan City Area Schools – Pine Township

• Portage Township Schools – Portage Township

• Porter Township School Corporation – Porter Township

• Union Township School Corporation – Union Township

• Valparaiso Community Schools – Center Township High Schools and Middle Schools

• Benjamin Franklin Middle School

• Boone Grove High School

• Boone Grove Middle School

• Chesterton High School

• Hebron High School

• Hebron Middle School

• Kouts Middle-High School

• Liberty Intermediate/Middle School

• Morgan Township Middle/High School

• Portage High School

• Thomas Jefferson Middle School

• Union Township Middle School

• Valparaiso High School

• Washington Township Middle/High School

• Wheeler High School

• Westchester Intermediate/Middle School

• William Fegely Middle School

• Willowcreek Middle School

Elementary Schools

• Aylesworth Elementary School
• Bailly Elementary School
• Boone Grove Elementary School
• Brummitt Elementary School
• Central Elementary School (Portage)
• Central Elementary School (Valparaiso)
• Cooks Corners Elementary School
• Crisman Elementary School
• Flint Lake Elementary School
• Hayes Leonard Elementary School
• Hebron Elementary School
• Jackson Elementary School
• John Simatovich Elementary School
• Jones Elementary School
• Kouts Elementary School
• Kyle Elementary School
• Liberty Elementary School
• Liberty Intermediate School
• Memorial Elementary School
• Morgan Elementary School
• Myers Elementary School
• Northview Elementary School
• Parkview Elementary School
• Paul Saylor Elementary School
• Pine Elementary School
• Porter Lakes Elementary School
• South Haven Elementary School
• Thomas Jefferson Elementary School
• Union Center Elementary School
• Washington Township Elementary School
• Westchester Intermediate School
• Yost Elementary School

Public libraries

The county is served by two public library systems:

• Porter County Public Library has its main branch in Valparaiso with branches in Hebron, Kouts, Portage and South Haven.
• Westchester Public Library has its main branch, the Thomas Library, in Chesterton with a branch, the Hageman Library, in Porter.

Hospitals

• Porter Health Care System – 301 beds
  • Portage Hospital – Portage
  • Porter Regional Hospital – Valparaiso

Climate and weather

|Valparaiso, Indiana |15|30|2.11 |20|36|1.82 |29|47|2.93 |38|60|3.64 |49|71|3.85 |58|80|4.66 |63|83|3.82 |61|81|3.91 |54|74|3.68 |43|63|3.20 |33|48|3.56 |22|35|2.88 In recent years, average temperatures in Valparaiso have ranged from a low of 15 °F in January to a high of 83 °F in July, although a record low of -25 °F was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 105 °F was recorded in July 1934. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.82 in in February to 4.66 in in June.

Government

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana and the Indiana Code.

County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes and service taxes.

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide, to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue and manage the county government.

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that handles civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.

County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. These officials are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.

Porter County is part of Indiana's 1st congressional district. In state government, Porter County is in Indiana Senate districts 4th, 5th and 6th; in Indiana House of Representatives districts 3rd, 4th, 10th, 19th and 20th.

For most of its history, Porter County was a Republican Party stronghold in presidential elections. It has become a swing county in recent years, voting for the national winner in every presidential election since 1980 except for 1992 and 2020.

County elected officials

Board of Commissioners:

• Jim Biggs (R, North District)
• Barb Regnitz (R, Center District)
• Ed Morales (R, South District)

County Council:

• Ronald "Red" Stone, Vice President (R, 1st)
• Jeremy Rivas (D, 2nd)
• Greg Simms (D, 3rd)
• Andy Vasquez, President (R, 4th)
• Michelle Harris (R, At Large)
• Andy Bozak (R, At Large)
• Mike Brickner (R, At-large)

Elected Officials:

• Assessor: Sue Neff (R)
• Auditor: Karen Martin (R)
• Clerk: Jessica A. Bailey (D)
• Coroner: Cyndi Dykes (R)
• Prosecutor: Gary S. Germann (R)
• Recorder: Chuck Harris (R)
• Sheriff: Jeffery A. Balon (R)
• Surveyor: Kevin D. Breitzke (D)
• Treasurer: Jimmy Albarran (R)

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2019

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 173,215. The median age was 40.6 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18 and 17.6% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 96.7 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 94.5 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 82.6% White, 4.4% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.3% Asian,

76.4% of residents lived in urban areas, while 23.6% lived in rural areas.

There were 67,361 households in the county, of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 52.2% were married-couple households, 17.2% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 23.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 71,483 housing units, of which 5.8% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 75.9% were owner-occupied and 24.1% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.2%.

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 164,343 people, 61,998 households, and 43,901 families in the county. The population density was 393.0 PD/sqmi. There were 66,179 housing units at an average density of 158.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the county was 91.3% white, 3.0% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.3% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.5% of the population.

Of the 61,998 households, 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.2% were non-families, and 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age was 38.4 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $73,065. Males had a median income of $59,542 versus $35,534 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,922. About 6.6% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

Cemeteries

Main article: Cemeteries of Porter County, Indiana

Maplewood Cemetery, next to Graceland in Valparaiso, has burials from the 1700s. The Bailly Cemetery was started in 1827. Additional cemeteries were created as the population grew. Early cemeteries were often family owned or church related. As communities grew, community cemeteries developed. The newest cemetery in the county is Angel Crest Cemetery north of Valparaiso, near Indiana State Road 49.

Parks

Porter County has grown from a single park, Sunset Hill Farm County Park, to four, including: Calumet Trail, Dunn's Bridge County Park, and the newest, Brincka Cross Gardens.

• Brincka Cross Gardens Pine Township (4 acre)
• Calumet Trail (9.1 mi long), parallel to U.S. 12, at the north end of the county. A mixed use trail for walking, running, biking and cross-country skiing.
• Dunn's Bridge County Park on the southern boundary of the county on County Road 500 East, Dunn's Bridge spans the Kankakee River to Jasper county. It is one of the oldest landmarks in the region. Built over a century ago across the Kankakee River by a resident farmer named Dunn, legend suggests its origins may be traced to the famous George Ferris, creator of the first 'Ferris Wheel'. The park provides small boat access to the Kankakee River and a parking lot.
• Sunset Hill Farm County Park (238 acre). Built around the Col. Murray farm, the open meadows are used for festivals and events.

Cultural activities

Museums

• Alton Goin Museum is operated by the Portage Community Historical Society at Countryside Park in Portage to preserve the city's history, including the Trager farmhouse.
• Bailly Homestead & Chellberg Farm is part of Indiana Dunes National Park.
• Brauer Museum of Art is operated by Valparaiso University and is located in Valparaiso University Center for the Arts. It has the largest collection of works by Junius R. Sloan.
• Depot of Beverly Shores Museum & Art Gallery is a pink stucco museum to preserve Beverly Shores history through rotating exhibits of paintings, drawings, sculpture, ceramics and woodcarving.
• Hour Glass House Museum has the works of local artists.
• Porter County Museum of History maintains the history of Porter County.
• Stagecoach Inn & Panhandle Depot is operated by the Hebron Historical Society in Hebron.
• Westchester Township History Museum is operated by the Westchester Public Library and is located in the George Brown Mansion, the former home of a wealthy family that exhibits local history of the Indiana Dunes.
• Task Force Tips Fire Museum is operated by Task Force Tips in Valparaiso to preserve the history of fire equipment.

Live Theater

• 4th Street Theater is a community theater in Chesterton.
• Chicago Street Theatre is a community theater in Valparaiso.
• Front Porch Music is a music supply store that offers a weekly 'open mic' night and sponsors concerts in Valparaiso.
• Memorial Opera House presents live theater and a variety of other monthly programs.
• Valparaiso Theatrical Company travels to different venues in Porter County presenting live theater with the proceeds benefitting a variety of charities.
• Valparaiso University Center for the Arts is the Valparaiso University's performing arts center.

Bibliography

Notes

References

References

1. {{Cite GNIS. 450382. Porter County
2. (2013). "Westville Quadrangle – Indiana – Porter Co.". [[United States Geological Survey]].
3. (2013). "Dune Acres Quadrangle – Indiana – Porter Co.". [[United States Geological Survey]].
4. "Porter County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau.
5. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
6. Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009)
7. "South Shore Journal - the Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation".
8. "South Shore Journal - the Cultural Impact of a Museum in a Small Community: The Hour Glass in Ogden Dunes".
9. Tanner, Helen Hornbeck, Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History; University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma (1987) Map 5
10. Hough, Jack L., Geology of the Great Lakes; University of Illinois Press, Urbana (1958) p. 276
11. Chiqua's town is a mile east of Valparaiso on State Route 2, the old [[Chicago Road. Sauk Trail]]. Tassinong is south of Valparaiso about {{convert. 5. mi. km on State Route 49 at Baum's Bridge Road, the main route across the [[Kankakee Outwash Plain. Great Kankakee Marsh]].Shults-Gay, Deborah H., One of the Earliest Authentic Histories of Porter County, Indiana; From 1832 to 1876 (circa 1917)
12. [https://archive.org/details/standardhistoryo01tynd/page/286/mode/2up John W Tyndall & OE Lesh, ''Standard history of Adams and Wells Counties, Indiana''. pp. 284-6 (accessed 9 August 2020)]
13. The counties are Dekalb, Fulton, Jasper, Jay, Kosciusko, Marshall, Newton, Porter, Pulaski, Stark, Steuben, Wells, and Whitley. Newton County was merged with Jasper County in 1839, and was re-authorized as a separate county in 1859.
14. Baker, Ronald L.. (1995). "Indiana Place Names". Indiana University Press.
15. De Witt Clinton Goodrich & Charles Richard Tuttle. (1875). "An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana". R. S. Peale & co..
16. "The Modern History of the Burns Harbor Steel Mill".
17. [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Porter+County,+IN/@41.4906799,-87.3562799,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x881193fed4126f33:0xb7498bb4399ae601!8m2!3d41.5248577!4d-87.1023746 ''Porter County IN'' (Google Maps, accessed 24 August 2020)]
18. [https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=23001 (PeakBagger.com, accessed 24 August 2020)]
19. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Porter County, IN". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
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21. "Westchester Public Library".
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23. "Monthly Averages for Valparaiso IN". The Weather Channel.
24. Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov.
25. Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2". IN.gov.
26. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections".
27. "Your Commissioners". Porter County.
28. "Your Council Members". Porter County.
29. "Staff Directory". Porter County.
30. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau.
31. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau.
32. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library.
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34. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". US Census Bureau.
35. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
36. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
37. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
38. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau.
39. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau.
40. "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau.
41. "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau.
42. US Census Bureau. American Community Survey, Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics 2010, Table DP-1, 2010 Demographic Profile Data. [https://www.census.gov U.S. Census website]. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
43. US Census Bureau. 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP03, Selected Economic Charactaristics. [https://www.census.gov US Census website]. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
44. US Census Bureau. 2008-2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04, Selected Housing Charactaristics. [https://www.census.gov US Census website]. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
45. Bailly Cemetery, at Baileytown, near Porter, Westchester Township, Porter County Indiana; Cemetery of the Pioneer family of Honore Gratien Joseph Bailly de Messein and Marie LeFevre, Burials 1827 to 1918; compiled by Olga Mae Schiemann; Chicago, Illinois; 1952
46. "Porter County Parks and Recreation".
47. "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Binkca-Cross Gardens".
48. "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Calumet Trail".
49. "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Dunn's Bridge County Park".
50. "Porter County Parks and Recreation - Sunset Hill Farm County Park".
51. Indiana Dunes Country Activities Guide, The Official Guide to Porter County, Indiana; The Indiana Dunes: 2015, p. 19
52. Indiana Dunes Country Activities Guide, The Official Guide to Porter County, Indiana; The Indiana Dunes: 2015, pp. 22-23