Polyarthritis

Causes

Polyarthritis may be caused by an auto-immune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and lupus erythematosus, or other inflammatory rheumatic diseases, like crystal arthropathies. It can also be caused by cancer or various medications.

If polyarthritis symptoms last less than six weeks, it is defined as acute polyarthritis: longer than six weeks indicates chronic polyarthritis.

Another cause of polyarthritis is infection, which may be viral or bacterial.

Viral polyarthritis

Viruses that cause polyarthritis include alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, Sindbis virus and Ross River virus.

Bacterial polyarthritis

Arthritis caused by bacterial infection of the joint is termed septic arthritis and does not commonly affect multiple joints. It may notably be caused by gonococcus. Bacteria can also cause polyarthritis not by directly infecting the joints; instead, infection located elsewhere in the body can cause immune reaction, which becomes the direct cause of the inflammation of joints. This form or arthritis is called reactive and often coexists with inflammation of the urethra, and of the conjuctiva in the eye.

References

References

1. (October 2019). "Polyarthritis and its differential diagnosis". European Journal of Rheumatology.
2. (April 2022). "Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection". Annual Review of Immunology.
3. (December 2014). "How to investigate new-onset polyarthritis". Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology.