Polskie Radio

Chronology

thumb|right|200px|[[Aleksander Zelwerowicz]] and [[Ludwik Solski]] on Polskie Radio, 1949 Polskie Radio was founded on 18 August 1925 and began making regular broadcasts from Warsaw on 18 April 1926. Before the Second World War, Polish Radio operated one national channel – broadcast from 1931 from one of Europe's most powerful longwave transmitters situated at Raszyn (just outside Warsaw) and destroyed in 1939 due to invasion of German Army.

Polskie Radio was also broadcast on nine regional stations - Kraków from 15 February 1927, Poznań from 24 April 1927, and Katowice from 4 December 1927. Wilno joined the network from 15 January 1928. In 1930, regional stations broadcast from Lwów from 15 January 1930 and from Łódź from 2 February 1930. Toruń followed from 15 January 1935, with Warszawa broadcasting from 1 March 1937 – known as Warszawa II, the national channel becoming Warszawa I from this date. Baranowicze finally broadcast as the ninth regional station from 1 July 1938.

A tenth regional station was planned for Łuck, but the outbreak of war meant that it never opened. Out of notable people for the time, Czesław Miłosz, recipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Literature, worked as a literary programmer at Polish Radio Wilno in 1936.

The invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union led to the destruction of the network in September 1939, with its final broadcast being a performance of Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. by Władysław Szpilman. Years later, Szpilman played the same piece for the reopening of the station.

Polskie Radio Trójka has been compiling Polish music charts since 1982 – in an era before there were any commercial sales or airplay rankings – making them a significant record of musical popularity in Poland. Chart archives dating from 1982 are available to the public via the station's website.

After the war, Polskie Radio was reconstructed with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army, which valued radio as a propaganda medium. It came under the tutelage of the state public broadcasting body Komitet do Spraw Radiofonii "Polskie Radio" (later "Polskie Radio i Telewizja" – PRT, Polish Radio and Television).

This body was dissolved in 1992, Polskie Radio S.A. and Telewizja Polska S.A. becoming politically dependent corporations, each of which was admitted to full active membership of the European Broadcasting Union on 1 January 1993 with the merger of EBU and OIRT.

Since 2001, Polskie Radio, jointly with Telewizja Polska, hold the "Dwa Teatry" Festival" (Polish: Two Theaters), an annual festival showcasing their television and radio plays. During the closing ceremony, awards are presented in several categories, recognizing the best productions and acting performances.

Channels

National

• Program 1 (Jedynka – One) – information and popular music (pop, rock, jazz) (LW (225 kHz), FM, DAB+ and Internet radio)
• Program 2 (Dwójka – Two) – classical music and cultural (FM, DAB+ and the internet)
• Program 3 (Trójka – Three) – rock, alternative, jazz, and eclectic (FM, DAB+ and the internet)
• Polskie Radio 24 (PR24) – news and spoken-magazines (FM, DAB+ and the internet)
• Program 4 (Czwórka – Four) – youth oriented (DAB+ and the internet)
• – Polish classical music (DAB+ and the internet)
• – children programming during daytime, parents magazines in the evening and Jazz music at night (DAB+ and the internet)
• – music and information for drivers' (DAB+ and the internet)
• – polish music (internet only)

Regional stations

Polskie Radio also operates 17 regional radio stations (operating on FM and DAB+), located in:

• Białystok (Radio Białystok)
• Bydgoszcz (Radio Pomorza i Kujaw)
• Gdańsk (Radio Gdańsk)
• Katowice (Radio Katowice)
• Kielce (Radio Kielce)
• Koszalin (Radio Koszalin)
• Kraków (Radio Kraków)
• Lublin (Radio Lublin)
• Łódź (Radio Łódź)
• Olsztyn (Radio Olsztyn)
• Opole (Radio Opole)
• Poznań (Radio Poznań)
• Rzeszów (Polskie Radio Rzeszów)
• Szczecin (Radio Szczecin)
• Warsaw (Polskie Radio RDC)
• Wrocław (Radio Wrocław)
• Zielona Góra (Radio Zachód)

City stations

Polskie Radio offers city stations in:

• Gorzów Wielkopolski – Radio Gorzów
• Lublin – Radio Freee
• Poznań – MC Radio
• Słupsk – Radio Słupsk
• Szczecin – Radio Szczecin Extra
• Wrocław – Radio RAM
• Zielona Góra – Radio Zielona Góra
• Łódź – Radio Łódź Nad Wartą

All city stations but Radio Szczecin Extra are being broadcast on FM and in Internet, while Radio Szczecin Extra is available only in Internet and via DAB+.

Digital-only

Polskie Radio also offers regional digital-only stations (all operating in Internet and DAB+ only) in:

• Kielce – Folk Radio (folk music)
• Kraków – OFF Radio Kraków (cultural)
• Wrocław – Radio Wrocław Kultura (cultural)
• Opole – Radio Opole 2
• Olsztyn – Radio Warmii i Mazur
• Łódź – Radio Łódź Extra
• Kraków – Radio Kraków Kultura

International

• Radio Poland (known until January 2007 as Radio Polonia) – external broadcasts in Belarusian, English, German, Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian – 1386 AM, HotBird 13, DAB+ (in Poland) and the internet

Controversy

AI generated programming

On 29 October 2024, OFF Radio Krakow released a programme that presented itself as an interview with laureate Wisława Szymborska who had died in 2012 thus her voice being artificially generated; this was not long after its entire editorial team was dismissed. This was met with outrage with audiences voicing support for the dismissed crew as well as the signing of a petition against the move with more than 15,000 names in.

References

References

1. (2023-12-27). "TVP, PR i PAP w stanie likwidacji. Nagła decyzja MKiDN".
2. Haven, Cynthia L.. (2006). "Czesław Miłosz: Conversations". [[University Press of Mississippi]].
3. Applebaum, Anne. (2012). "Iron Curtain : The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944-56". Doubleday.
4. "PR Program 3 Music Chart archives (Archiwum Listy Przebojów Programu Trzeciego)".
5. (25 June 2024). "Festival promoting 'unique tradition of Polish TV and radio theaters' concludes". [[TVP World]].
6. (20 June 2024). "Sopockie drzwi do teatru wyobraźni. Historia Festiwalu "Dwa Teatry" ma już 23 lata". Polskie Radio.
7. "Strona główna - Jedynka".
8. "Strona główna – Dwójka".
9. "Strona główna – Trójka".
10. "Polskie Radio 24 – nowy portal informacyjny Polskiego Radia".
11. "Strona główna – Czwórka".
12. "Strona główna – Radio Chopin".
13. "Strona główna – Polskie Radio Dzieciom".
14. "Polskie Radio Kierowców {{!}} Strona Główna".
15. "Strona główna – Radio Rytm".
16. "Radio Poland :: News from Poland".
17. (23 October 2024). "Polish radio station replaces journalists with AI 'presenters'". Associated Press.
18. Higgins, Andrew. (Nov 3, 2024}}{{page needed). "Polish Radio Station Uses A.I. To Interview Dead Nobel Laureate". New York Times.