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Political organisation

Group involved with politics

The most well-known type of political organisation is the political party. Political parties are directly involved in the political processes of countries with party systems, of which there are several types.

Some of the most common types are multi-party systems, single party systems, and two party systems.

Multi-party systems

In multi-party systems such as India, Pakistan, etc., there is no restriction on the number of parties allowed to be in operation at any given time. Under these types of systems, people are free to participate in the political process both through elections and by forming their own political parties as they please.

Examples of multi-party systems are:

Armenia
Bangladesh
Canada
France
Germany
India
Italy
Pakistan
Philippines Philippines
South Africa
Taiwan

Single-party systems

In single-party systems, one political party exercises control over the government. Unlike under other systems, single-party systems do not necessarily extend democratic privileges to the citizens. This means that citizens have little say regarding political subjects.

Examples of single-party systems are:

China
Cuba
Laos
North Korea
Vietnam

Two-party systems

Two-party systems are similar to multi-party systems in that power is not concentrated in one party and that parties have to consider the opinion of the general public in order to retain power by winning elections. Most two-party systems are technically multiparty systems but all power is effectively concentrated amongst two parties or coalitions.

Examples of two-party systems are:

Australia
Malta
Nepal
United Kingdom
United States

Party coalitions

Another type of political organisation is the party coalition. A party coalition is a group of political parties operating together in parliament. Oftentimes, party coalitions are formed after elections have taken place and no party has clearly won a majority seat in parliament (e.g. the AAP-Congress Government in Delhi). Other coalitions are formed prior to elections and are effectively agreements between two or more parties to run jointly in elections and to pursue similar agendas (e.g. the National Democratic Alliance in India, and the Liberal/National Coalition in Australia). The electoral thresholds for multi-party alliances are set differently in many countries depending on the number of parties.

Parliamentary groups or Caucus

Main article: Parliamentary group

Parliamentary groups are groups of some members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties, also called caucus in the United States Congress and the Parliament of Canada.

Technical group

Main article: Technical group

A technical group or mixed group is a heterogenous parliamentary group composed of elected officials from political parties of differing ideologies (or independent of any party) who are not numerous enough to form groups on their own.

Political group

Main article: Political group

A political group is a group composed of multiple political parties or independents of aligned ideologies.

Labour unions

A labour union (or trade union) is a political organisation formed to promote the interests of workers.

Labour unions have various roles in modern politics, including:

Organizing strike actions and general strikes
Negotiating with employers on behalf of workers
Ensuring that workers are not fired without severance pay
Assuring that workers receive reasonable salaries

Unlike other political organisations, labor unions do not directly participate in elections, although they may campaign for parties and politicians supporting their positions. Labour unionisation is a way for workers to maintain unity and preserve their rights. Often, major corporations antagonise the principle of labor unionisation since it results in heavier employment regulations which restrict the powers of big business to fire workers at will, effectively causing economic difficulties for such companies.

References

"What's a caucus anyway? 3 things to know".

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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