Podpolkovnik

Russia

(Podpolkovnik)

| Non-NATO rank =

In Russia, the rank of lieutenant colonel is called podpolkovnik (). First it appeared in Russia as appointment or assignment to the assistant or deputy commander of a regiment sized military formation at the end of the 15th — early 16th centuries.

In the Streltsy formations, as a general role, the podpolkovnik was responsible for all administrative tasks and functions. Normally it was of nobility or boyar origin.

From the 17th - to early 17th century, there was a rank and an appointment under the designation polupolkovnik (полуполко́вник). Beyond its normal responsibilities, he was in charge to command the second half of the regiment, the rear -, reserve -, and other regular units (until the introduction of the battalion structure).

Russian Empire

From the introduction of the Russian table of ranks to the abolishment in 1917, podpolkovnik was quoted to rank positioned VII, and until 1856, it was privileged by hereditary nobility.

In 1884, as the mayor rank in the Russian army was suppressed, all mayors, by exemption of retirement, loss of civil rights, or mercilessly, were converted to podpolkovnik. From this moment, the rank podpolkovnik was equivalent to the rank armed forces' starshina (, ). Before 1884, the armed forces' starshina was adequate to mayor. In line to this reform, the shoulder board rank insignia had been changed from two big stars to three smaller ones.

To the formations of the so-called leyb-guard (лейб гва́рдия), the rank podpolkovnik had not been introduced. Normally, kapitan officers might have been promoted to polkovnik immediately, by skipping the ranks major and podpolkovnik.

In the Imperial Russian Navy, the rank Kapitan 2nd rank was equivalent to podpolkovnik, in the civil administration it was corresponding to privy councillor (надво́рный сове́тник). The rank podpolkovnik was abolished 16 December 1917, together with all previous ranks and rank insignia of the former Russian imperial army.

In the white voluntary army, the rank was in the period from December 1917 to November 1918. Then it was abolished as well, and harmonized to the Kapitan ranks of the guard and other officers of the other formations. However, in the Russian army of general Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel the podpolkovnik rank was reestablished in April 1920. File:1911-ab46-e14.png| File:Imperial Russian Army LtCol 1917 v.png|

USSR

By foundation of the Soviet Union, the rank designation and rank insignia of the Imperial Russian Army were suppressed. An equivalent rank to podpolkovnik was created in 1924, by the introduction of the so-called status category 8 rank – (; помо́щник команди́ра полка́ и ему́ ра́вные). However, this was overtaken by the introduction of individual ranks in 1935.

Podpolkovnik as a military rank was reintroduced on September 1, 1939, by disposal of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union (from September 2, 1939), and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 2690 (article 41, pertaining the law of universal compulsory military service), published by the order No. 226 of the People's Commissar of Defence (from July 26, 1940).

The Red Army used this rank together with a number of other former Russian ranks, and it has been used in many ex-USSR countries, including Russia, to the present day.

By the first promotion to that particular rank the hitherto (old) polkovnik collar distinction insignia with three parallel bars had to be used. The new polkovnik rank was from now on characterized by four bars. This insignia had to be worn until the introduction of shoulder boards, and were finally replaced in 1943.

In the Soviet navy, the rank kapitan 2nd rank was equivalent to podpolkovnik. In the civil administration it was corresponding to privy councillor (). The rank podpolkovnik was abolished 16 December 1917, together with all previous ranks and rank insignia of the former Russian imperial army. In the military political organization, it was equivalent to starshy battalion commissar (ста́рший батальо́нный комисса́р), another corresponding rank designation was Specialist 1st rank (pertaining to: military engineers, surgeons, commissionaires, veterinary surgeons, and legal personnel).

; 1943—1992 In late 1943, shoulder boards were reintroduced as rank designation. From this moment in the podpolkovnik rank of the Red Army was specified by two big horizontal stars, on shoulder boards, with parallel piping (two straps). The stars had to be established on a distance of 35 mm from the lower end of the shoulder board (Rules to wear military uniforms in the Soviet Army and the Navy). From 7 November 1944, the stars were pinned direct (symmetrically to the piping) on piping. File:Red Army Polkovnik-1940 & Podpolkovnik-1943v.png| File:Red Air Force Polkovnik-1940 &Podpolkovnik-1943v.png| File:RA-SA A-engin F4LtCol 1955.png| File:RAF A F4LtCol since 2010par.svg| File:RAF AF F4LtCol since 2010par.svg|

Russian Federation

If military personnel serves in a guards formation, or on a guards war ship, to the rank designation will be placed in front the noun guards (e.g. "Guards podpolkovnik"). Civil – or military personnel with a specific defined level of expertise or knowledge in medical or judicial professions, to the military rank will be added the noun "legal" or the wording "medical service". Further adding to the military rank designation might be "retired" or "on retirement".

Personnel serving in the executive of the Russian Federation might be specified by rank designation as follows.

• Podpolkovnik of the Police (until March 1, 2011 Podpolkovnik of the Militsiya)
• Podpolkovnik of the Internal Troops
• Podpolkovnik Investigation of Tax Offence File:Russia-Army-OF-4-1994-parade.svg| File:RAF A F4LtCol since 2010par.svg| File:Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg| File:Russia-Airforce-OF-4-2010.svg| File:Russia-Army-OF-4.svg| File:Russia-Police-OF-4-2013.svg|

Lieutenant colonel's insignia

Post-Soviet-Army-OF-4.svg|Падпалкоўнік Padpalkoŭnik (Belarusian Ground Forces) Rank insignia of Подполковник of the Bulgarian Army.png|Подполковник Podpolkovnik (Bulgarian Land Forces) CzArmy 2011 OF4-Podplukovnik shoulder.svg|Podplukovník (Czech Land Forces) 15-RKGF-LTC.svg|Подполковник Podpolkovnïk (Kazakh Ground Forces) 12.Kyrgyzstan Army-LTC.svg|Подполковник Podpolkovnik (Kyrgyz Army) File:North-Macedonia-Army-OF-4.svg|Потполковник Potpolkovnik (North Macedonia Ground Forces) 14-Montenegro Army-LTC.svg| Potpukovnik (Montenegrin Ground Army) Army-POL-OF-04.svg|Podpułkownik (Polish Land Forces) Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg|Подполко́вник Podpolkóvnik (Russian Ground Forces) 13-Serbian Army-LTC.svg|Потпуковник Potpukovnik (Serbian Army) Army-SVK-OF-04.svg|Podplukovník (Slovak Ground Forces) 16-Slovenian Army-LTC.svg|Podpolkovnik (Slovenian Ground Force) Post-Soviet-Army-OF-4.svg|Подполковник Podpolkovnik (Tajik National Army) Post-Soviet-Army-OF-4.svg|Podpolkownik (Turkmen Ground Forces) UA shoulder mark 16.svg|Підполковник Pidpolkovnyk (Ukrainian Ground Forces) Uzbekistan-army-OF-4.svg|Podpolkovnik (Uzbek Ground Forces)

References

References

1. Sławomir Kułacz, University of Gdańsk, Poland. (2012). "Conceptualization of selected army ranks in English, German, Polish and Czech". Studies in Modern Languages and Literature, vol. 36.
2. {{ВТ-ЭСБЕ. Подполковник
3. Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and the Council of People's Commissars, from September 22, 1935, on introduction of individual military rank designation to commanding personnel of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
4. Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and the Council of People's Commissars, from September 2, 1939, on introduction of the rank/ rank designation Podpolkovnik in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
5. "Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 21.07.2009 N 388 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия по воинским званиям и внесении дополнений в Указ Президента Республики Беларусь от 9 июня 2006 г. N 383"". Government of Belarus.
6. (12 May 2009). "ЗАКОН ЗА ОТБРАНАТА И ВЪОРЪЖЕНИТЕ СИЛИ НА РЕПУБЛИКА БЪЛГАРИЯ".
7. (2018). "Ranks". Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic.
8. (25 August 2011). "Қазақстан Республикасының Қарулы Күштері, басқа да әскерлері мен әскери құралымдары әскери қызметшілерінің әскери киім нысаны және айырым белгілері туралы". Ministry of Justice (Kazakhstan).
9. (9 February 2009). "Кыргыз Республикасынын жарандарынын жалпыга бирдей аскердик милдети жөнүндө, аскердик жана альтернативдик кызматтар жөнүндө". Ministry of Justice (Kyrgyzstan).
10. (12 November 2020). "УРЕДБА ЗА ОЗНАКИТЕ ЗА УНИФОРМИТЕ НА АРМИЈАТА НА РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЈА".
11. (16 August 2010). "IV. Izgled Činova u Vojsci". Official Gazette of Montenegro.
12. "Sposób noszenia odznak stopni wojskowych na umundurowaniu wojsk Lądowych i sił Powietrznych". Armed Forces Support Inspectorate.
13. (12 March 2010). "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 11 марта 2010 года № 293 "О военной форме одежды, знаках различия военнослужащих и ведомственных знаках отличия"". Российской газеты.
14. "ЧИНОВИ У ВОЈСЦИ СРБИЈЕ". Serbian Armed Forces.
15. "Označenie vojenských hodností príslušníkov Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky od 1.1.2016". Military History Institute.
16. "Čini in razredi". Slovenian Armed Forces.
17. (13 April 2017). "ҚОНУНИ ҶУМҲУРИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН ДАР БОРАИ ЎҲДАДОРИИ УМУМИИ ҲАРБӢ ВА ХИЗМАТИ ҲАРБӢ". The National Assembly of the Republic of Tajikistan.
18. "TÜRKMENISTANYŇ KANUNY Harby borçlulyk we harby gulluk hakynda (Türkmenistanyň Mejlisiniň Maglumatlary 2010 ý., № 3, 58-nji madda) (Türkmenistanyň 01.10.2011 ý. № 234-IV Kanuny esasynda girizilen üýtgetmeler we goşmaçalar bilen)". Ministry of Defense (Turkmenistan).
19. (13 December 2017). "НАКАЗ 20.11.2017 № 606". Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
20. (12 September 2019). "O'zbekiston Respublikasi fuqarolarining harbiy xizmatni o'tash tartibi to'g'risida". Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan.