Pluvial lake

Etymology

The word comes from the Latin pluvia, which means "rain".

Geology

Pluvial lakes represent changes in the hydrological cycle: wet cycles generate large lakes, and dry cycles cause the lakes to recede. Accumulated sediments show the variation in water level. During glacial periods, when the lake level is fairly high, mud sediments will settle out and be deposited. At times in between glaciers (interglacial), salt deposits may be present because of the arid climate and the evaporation of lakewater.

Several pluvial lakes formed in what is now the southwestern United States during the glaciation of the late Pleistocene. One of these was Lake Bonneville in western Utah, which covered roughly 19000 sqmi. When Lake Bonneville was at its maximum water level, it was 1000 ft higher than the Great Salt Lake.

Fresh water mollusks have been found in mud deposits from Searles Lake in California and suggest that the water temperature was about 7 degrees Fahrenheit (or 4 degrees Celsius) cooler than current temperatures. Radiocarbon dating of the youngest mud beds yield dates from 24,000 to 12,000 years ago.

Formation

When warm air from arid regions meets chilled air from glaciers, cloudy, cool, rainy weather is created beyond the terminus of the glacier. That humid climate was present during the last glacial period in North America and caused more precipitation than evaporation. The increase in rainfall fills the drainage basin and forms a lake.

During interglacial periods, the climate becomes arid once more and causes the lakes to evaporate and dry up.

References

References

1. Goudie, A.S., 2013. ''and semi-arid geomorphology.'' Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN. 978-1-107-00554-9
2. (2010). "Pluvial". [[Dictionary.com]].
3. Easterbrook, Don J.. (1999). "Surface Processes and Landforms". Prentice-Hall, Inc..
4. Chernicoff, Stanley. (1995). "Geology, An Introduction to Physical Geology". Worth Publishers.
5. (1987). "The Earth, An Introduction to Physical Geology". Merrill Publishing Company.