Plesiomonas shigelloides

Classification

P. shigelloides was originally considered part of the family Vibrionaceae, but is generally accepted to be part of Enterobacteriaceae due to the similarity of its 5S rRNA sequence to other members of Enterobacteriaceae*.* The rRNA sequence of P. shigelloides has been found to be most similar to Proteus mirabilis, and as a result it is now considered part of the tribe Proteeae within the family Enterobacteriaceae. P. shigelloides is the only known member of its genus.

Ecology

Growth

P. shigelloides is incapable of surviving in saltwater environments where the concentration of salt is greater than 4% and has been found to tolerate pH ranges between 4.5 and 9. It grows optimally between 35 °C and 39 °C, and has been found to survive in the temperature range of 8 °C to 45 °C. The effects of pH, salinity, temperature, turbidity, and conductivity on concentrations of P. shigelloides in freshwater conditions is not currently understood.

Identification

Some Plesiomonas strains share antigens with Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri and cross-reactions with Shigella antisera may occur.{{cite journal | doi-access= free

Pathogenicity

Human infection

P. shigelloides has been isolated from a wide variety of human clinical specimens including both intestinal (usually feces or rectal swabs) and extra-intestinal. It has been isolated from the feces of humans, both with and without diarrhea, and/or vomiting (gastroenteritis). Although reports have found a link between P. shigelloides and diarrhea or gastroenteritis, research has not yet determined whether this bacteria is always responsible for these conditions.

Infection of other animals

Although P. shigelloides is primarily associated with the diarrheal disease state in humans, certain animals including cats and dogs have been found to frequently carry the bacterium while in a healthy state. Freshwater fish can often be infected with P. shigelloides which can be lethal depending on the concentration of the bacterium in their bodies.

References

References

1. (April 2002). "Core oligosaccharides of Plesiomonas shigelloides O54:H2 (strain CNCTC 113/92): structural and serological analysis of the lipopolysaccharide core region, the O-antigen biological repeating unit, and the linkage between them". J. Biol. Chem..
2. (2020-02-07). "Plesiomonas shigelloides". Qeios.
3. (1985-05-01). "Plesiomonas shigelloides: An Opportunistic Food and Waterborne Pathogen1". Journal of Food Protection.
4. (2010-11-05). "Case-Control Study of Diarrheal Disease Etiology in a Remote Rural Area in Western Thailand". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
5. (2003-03-18). "Plesiomonas shigelloides". CRC Press.
6. (1985). "Phylogeny of the Vibrionaceae, and Recommendation for Two New Genera, Listonella and Shewanella". Systematic and Applied Microbiology.
7. (1991). "Ribosomal RNA Phylogenies". Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
8. (2006). "The Prokaryotes".
9. (2003-08-01). "Unexpected finding of the "tropical" bacterial pathogen Plesiomonas shigelloides from lake water north of the Polar Circle". Polar Biology.
10. (1987). "In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides". Infection and Immunity.
11. (1980). "A survey of''Plesiomonas shigelloides''from aquatic environments, domestic animals, pets and humans". Journal of Hygiene.
12. (2018). "Identification and pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides in Silver Carp". Aquaculture.