Pine oil

Composition

Pine oil is a higher boiling fraction from turpentine. Both synthetic and natural pine oil consists mainly of α-terpineol, a C10 alcohol (b.p. 214–217 °C). Other components include dipentene and pinene. The detailed composition of natural pine oil depends on many factors, such as the species of the host plant. Synthetic pine oil is obtained by treating pinene with water in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid. This treatment results in hydration of the alkene and rearrangement of the pinene skeleton, yielding terpineols.

Uses

Industrially, pine oil was once used in froth flotation for the separation of mineral from ores. For example, in copper extraction, pine oil is used to condition copper sulfide ores for froth flotation.

It is also used as a lubricant in small and expensive clockwork instruments.

In alternative medicine it is used in aromatherapy and as a scent in bath oils.

Properties as a disinfectant

Pine oil is used as a cleaning product, disinfectant, sanitizer, microbicide (or microbistat), virucide or insecticide. Pine oil is a disinfectant that is mildly antiseptic. It is effective against Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, the fungi Candida albicans, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Gram-negative enteric bacteria, household germs, Gram-negative household germs such as those causing salmonellosis, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, influenza type A, influenza virus type A/Brazil, influenza virus type A2/Japan, intestinal bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, odor-causing bacteria, mold, mildew, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhosa, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Safety

With respect to the quality of indoor air, attention is directed to the effects of ambient ozone on pine oil components. Large doses may cause central nervous system depression.

References

References

1. Boyle, Hal. (September 12, 1954). "There's Gold in those Pine Stumps". Sarasota Journal.
2. (1995). "Chapter 1. Production trade and markets". [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].
3. (June 15, 2000). "Turpentines, 16. Pine Oil".
4. ''Merck Index'', 11th Edition, '''7416'''. p. 1182
5. (2013). "Combustion performance and emission characteristics study of pine oil in a diesel engine". Energy.
6. (2003-03-01). "Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Needles, Branches and Cones of ''Pinus pinea'', ''P. halepensis'', ''P. pinaster'' and ''P. nigra'' from Central ltaly". Flavour and Fragrance Journal.
7. (2003). "Pine Oil".
8. (October 2006). "Reregistration Decision – Pine oil (case 3113)". Environmental Protection Agency.
9. (2006). "Cleaning products and air fresheners: Emissions and resulting concentrations of glycol ethers and terpenoids". Indoor Air.