Physaloptera

Systematics

Species include:

• Physaloptera dilatata
• Physaloptera dispar
• Physaloptera hispida
• Physaloptera losseni
• Physaloptera maxillaris
• Physaloptera murisbrasiliensis
• Physaloptera ngoci
• Physaloptera preputialis
• Physaloptera retusa
• Physaloptera rara

Undescribed or unidentified species have been found on the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) in the southern United States, and Leontopithecus rosalia, Physalaemus soaresi, Cacajao calvus, and Lagothrix lagotricha in Brazil.

''Physaloptera'' spp. as human parasites

Most species utilize insects such as crickets, cockroaches, and beetles as intermediate hosts. Several species of Physaloptera can parasitize primates, including humans. This rare disease is known as spiruridiasis. Human infection is considered to be ancient; eggs of Physaloptera sp. were found in a grave of the Bronze Age in Iran.

References

Literature cited

• Kinsella, J.M. 1988. Comparison of helminths of rice rats, Oryzomys palustris, from freshwater and saltwater marshes in Florida. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 55(2):275–280.

References

1. Muniz-Pereira et al., 2009, p. 11
2. Santana et al., 2010, p. 106
3. Kinsella, 1974, p. 9
4. Dragoo and Sheffield, 2009, p. 5
5. (2013). "New biogeographical and morphological information on ''Physaloptera ngoci'' Le-Van-Hoa, 1961 (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) in South-east Asian rodents". Parasite.
6. Mirzayans, 1971
7. Petri, Leo H.. (September 1950). "Life Cycle of Physaloptera rara Hall and Wigdor, 1918 (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) with the Cockroach, Blatella germanica, Serving as the Intermediate Host". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science.
8. the [[marsh rice rat]] (''Oryzomys palustris'') in [[Florida]],Kinsella, 1988, table 1
9. (1907). "''Physaloptera mordens'': A new intestinal parasite of man". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
10. (1955). "Two cases of ''Physaloptera'' infection in man from Colombia". The Journal of Parasitology.
11. (2017). "Human spiruridiasis due to ''Physaloptera'' spp. (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) in a grave of the Shahr-e Sukhteh archeological site of the Bronze Age (2800–2500 BC) in Iran". Parasite.