Philip, Duke of Parma

Life

His mother came from the family of Farnese, which had ruled the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla for many generations. The duchy had been ruled between 1731 and 1736 by his elder brother Charles, but was exchanged with Austria for The Two Sicilies after the War of Polish Succession. Twelve years later, in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Austria lost the duchy and Philip became the new duke, founding the House of Bourbon-Parma.

In 1724, his father Philip V abdicated in favor of his son Louis, who became Louis I of Spain. At this point, the four year old infante Philip was assigned the Marquis of Surco as governor of his household to ensure a smooth running of his daily life, where he and his siblings lived away from their parents.

As part of the Second Treaty of Versailles (1757) between Austria and France, it was intended that Philip would become king of the Southern Netherlands in a deal that would see French troops occupy key positions in the country – however this arrangement was repudiated by the subsequent Third Treaty of Versailles and Philip continued in Parma.

The Duchy of Parma was ruined by many years of warfare, and in 1759 Philip named the able Frenchman Guillaume du Tillot as his minister to restore the economy. Philip was an enlightened ruler who stimulated education and philosophy, attracting personalities like Étienne Bonnot de Condillac and Alexandre Deleyre.

Marriage

Philip married his first cousin once removed Princess Louise Élisabeth of France in Alcalá de Henares, Spain on 25 October 1739. They had three children.

1. Princess Isabella of Parma (31 December 1741 – 27 November 1763) – she married Marie Antoinette's older brother, the Austrian emperor, Archduke Joseph of Austria. She had issue, but all her children died in childhood.
2. Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma (20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) – he succeeded his father as Duke of Parma and married Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria and left issue.
3. Princess Luisa Maria of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) married Charles IV of Spain and left issue. Their marriage was an unhappy one, and Louise Elisabeth died of smallpox at the age of 32 in 1759. Philip simself also died of smallpox unexpectedly on 18 July 1765 in Alessandria, Sardinia, after having accompanied his daughter Maria Luisa on her way to Genoa, where she sailed for Spain to marry Infante Charles. Through Philip's daughter Maria Luisa, he is an ancestor of the Bourbons of Spain, the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies, and the House of Orléans.

Ancestors

Honours

• Kingdom of France: Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit (22 March 1736)

Heraldry

File:Coat of Philip, Duke of Parma as Spanish Infante.svg|Coat of arms as Infante of Spain File:Ducal Coat of Arms of Parma (1748-1802).svg|Coat of arms as Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla

References

References

1. "Felipe de Borbón, duque de Parma - Colección - Museo Nacional del Prado".
2. Proyectos, HI Iberia Ingeniería y. "Real Academia de la Historia {{!}} Historia Hispánica".
3. "FILIPPO di Borbone, duca di Parma, Piacenza e Guastalla - Enciclopedia".
4. "Philip V {{!}} Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts {{!}} Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica.
5. (1768). "Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans". Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel.
6. "Don Philippe, Infant d'Espagne". National Library of Portugal.
7. "Parma, Fernando I de Borbón, Duque de (1751-1802)". Royal Library of Spain.