Pheu Thai Party

History

Formation and opposition (2008–2011)

The PPP was dissolved by the Constitutional Court of Thailand on 2 December 2008. On 3 December 2008, the majority of the former PPP MPs defected to the Pheu Thai Party. In a PTP general assembly, the first executive commission was elected on 7 December 2008. Candidates for the party's leader were: Yongyuth Wichaidit, Apiwan Wiriyachai, former Vice President of the House of Representatives, former health minister Chalerm Yubamrung and former industry minister Mingkwan Saengsuwan. Yongyuth Wichaidit was elected as the party's leader.

In a December 2008 parliamentary session, MPs of five PPP coalition parties decided to endorse Abhisit Vejjajiva as the next prime minister and themselves forming a Democrat-led coalition. The PTP campaigned for their endorsement by the PPP-coalition parties. However, Abhisit had gained their support for the premiership. After that, the party called for a national unity government in which all parties would be involved, with Sanoh Thienthong of the Pracharaj Party as the new premier. This proposal was rejected by the defecting coalition parties and the Democrat Party. On 11 December, Worrawat Eua-apinyakul, then MP for Phrae from PTP, suggested that the party should push for a house dissolution and general elections, with the hope of depriving the prospective coalition of a parliamentary majority. However, The President of the House of Representatives; Chai Chidchob spoke against the plan.

On 15 December 2008, the party elected Pracha Promnok as the party's candidate for prime minister and has since been in opposition to prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva's coalition government. As an opposition, the party received a rating of 3.75 out of 10 by a majority of respondents in a nationwide survey conducted on 24 and 25 December 2010, by Bangkok University.

In early May 2011, Charupong Ruangsuwan was named new Secretary general of the party. Following the discovery of illegal timber by Thai authorities, during an August 2014 search at Charupong's son's Mae Hong Son Province resort for buried war weapons and other illegal items, the media reported that both Charupong and his son were no longer present in Thailand.

In government (2011–2014)

In the 2011 general election, the Pheu Thai Party contested for the first time since its foundation. On 16 May, Thaksin's youngest sister Yingluck Shinawatra was nominated head of PTP's party-list proportional representation and contender of prime minister Abhisit. One of her main issues in the campaign was national reconciliation. The election was expected to be a neck-and-neck contest between Pheu Thai and the ruling Democrats. Unexpectedly, the party won 265 of 500 seats in the House of Representatives on 3 July. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva acknowledged Pheu Thai's success in the election, and congratulated Yingluck Shinawatra as Thailand's first female prime minister. Despite its absolute majority, the winning party announced that it would form a coalition government with five minor parties. On 5 August, Yingluck was elected prime minister with 296 votes in favour. The election was approved and Yingluck was formally appointed by the king on 8 August.

2014 coup

2019 general election and opposition

2023 general election and Srettha government (2023–2024)

During the 2023 Thai general election, Pheu Thai repeated its position that it would not form a coalition with both Palang Pracharat and United Thai Nation due to their involvement in the 2014 coup. Following the 2023 election, the Move Forward party leader and candidate, Pita Limjaoenrat, was denied the position of Prime Minister by Parliament. The coalition was then dissolved and replaced by a Pheu Thai led coalition without Move Forward.

On 7 August, they formed a new coalition to include Bhumjaithai, which won the third largest amount of MPs in the election and on 10 August, the Chart Pattana Kla party joined the coalition with 2 MPs.

On 12 August, Pheu Thai unofficially expanded its coalition again to include the pro-junta parties of Palang Pracharat and United Thai Nation, which both participated or supported the 2014 coup that ousted Pheu Thai prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra, increasing the amount of MPs in the coalition to 315 out of the 500 MPs in Parliament. The move was widely criticized as it broke their election promise to not work with parties linked to the junta.

The coalition contained in order of most MPs: Pheu Thai at 141 MPs, Bhumjaithai at 71, Palang Pracharat at 40, United Thai Nation at 36, Chart Pattana Kla at 2; with Thai Liberal, New Democracy, Plung Sungkom Mai and Thongtee Thai all having one. On 22 August 2023, its candidate Srettha Thavisin was elected 30th Prime Minister after gaining enough votes from Parliament.

In May 2024, 40 military-appointed senators submitted a case accepted by the Constitutional Court requesting the removal of Srettha and Pichit Chuenban under Section 170 (4) and (5) of the Constitution, which concerns the ethics of cabinet ministers. The case was in response to Srettha's appointment of Pichit, who had previously served time in jail for attempting to bribe Supreme Court officials, as a minister of the Prime Minister's Office.

Pichit resigned on 21 May. On 14 August, the constitutional court dismissed Srettha for gross ethics violations. Srettha is the fourth Thai premier in 16 years to be removed by the courts. Srettha expressed surprise over the decision, but said that he would "respect" it.

Paetongtarn government (2024–2025) and 2025 political crisis

Following the removal of Srettha as prime minister by the Constitutional Court of Thailand on 14 August 2024, Paetongtarn was nominated by Pheu Thai to succeed him. Her nomination was approved by the House of Representatives on 16 August after no alternatives were named by the other parties in the ruling coalition, making her the youngest person and the second woman to become Prime Minister of Thailand. Her premiership was plagued by the return Thaksin, including a vote of no-confidence by the opposition, alleging that she has allowed her father to control the Thai government and does not have her own autonomy to run the country – Paetongtarn survived this and remained in position.

In 2025, tensions on disputed areas of the Cambodian–Thai border escalated to clashes, the political fallout from which would lead to the fall of the Paetongtarn cabinet. A phone call between Paetongtarn and Hun Sen, former prime minister of Cambodia and longtime friend of Thaksin, in which she referred to him as "uncle" and referred to a Thai military commander as part of the "opposing side" was leaked by Hun Sen. These remarks drew widespread condemnation in Thailand, leading to petitions for Paetongtarn's dismissal, and was cited by the Bhumjaithai Party as a reason for withdrawing from her cabinet, precipitating the 2025 Thai political crisis. Paetongtarn would be suspended by the Constitutional Court in July, and removed in August. In the ensuing competition to form a new government, the People's Party, a successor of the Move Forward Party, acted as kingmaker and backed Bhumjaithai over Pheu Thai in a confidence and supply deal, returning Pheu Thai to the opposition.

Political ideology

Similar to its predecessors, the Pheu Thai Party is a populist political party that ends to be more popular among subsistence farmers and the rural working class mostly found in the northern and northeastern regions of Thailand. Leading up to the 2023 general elections, the party campaigned on economically populist policies including cash handouts (฿10,000 digital wallet), expanding healthcare coverage, and raising the minimum wage.

The party is mostly liberal on social issues due to its support for democracy, scrapping of military conscription, decriminalizing sex work, and legalizing same-sex marriage. It is conservative on reforming the lèse-majesté laws and opposes monarchy reforms.

The party is considered pro-business and economically liberal. Under the Yingluck administration (2011-2014), the party passed several cuts in corporate tax and considered reducing corporate income tax even further to boost innovation and business growth.

Policies

2023 manifesto

Economic policy

• Raising the minimum wage to ฿600 by 2027
• Raising Thailand's GDP
• Promote cultural and medical tourism
• Introduce a ฿10,000 'digital wallet' for Thais over 16
• Introduce free Wi-Fi in public parks
• Introduce a minimum monthly ฿25,000 salary for workers with a bachelor's degree
• Introduce a monthly retirement fund of ฿3,000 to Thais aged over 60
• Decentralise public hospitals
• Upgrade water management
• Upgrade rail infrastructure
• Construct new rail infrastructure
• Expand Suvarnabhumi Airport
• Expand maternity benefits
• Improve working conditions

Social policy

• Keep the lèse-majesté laws
• Decentralise the central government
• Decentralise public education
• Allow elections for provincial governors
• Rewrite the constitution to only allow elected MPs to vote for a prime minister
• Introduce free HPV vaccinations
• Introduce free medical checkups for Hepatitis C
• Legalize same-sex marriage
• Replace military conscription with a voluntary system

Prime ministers

Organization

Leadership

Party structure

Since :

• Leader:
  • First Deputy Leader:
  • Second Deputy Leader:
  • Third Deputy Leader:
  • Fourth Deputy Leader:
• Secretary General:
• Deputy Secretaries General:
• Spokesperson:

Election results

General elections

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration elections

Bangkok gubernatorial elections

Bangkok Metropolitan Council elections

District Council elections

Notes

References

References

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