Penn Relays

History

In 1894, Penn hosted the track and field meet at the university athletic grounds at 37th and Spruce Streets on April 21, 1894.

The Penn Relays affected the history of the sport of relay racing and helped it become as popular as it is today.

The first Penn Relay Carnival

The first Penn Relay Carnival, held on April 21, 1895, at Franklin Field, was a success. Approximately 5,000 people attended the meet. Nine relay races were run and only two teams were in each race, four of which were high school and prep school races. Another four were college races and one championship college race. The only relay run at that time was the 4 x 400-yard relay or the mile relay. The first team to win a Penn Relays championship was Harvard University, defeating the University of Pennsylvania with a time of 3:34. Other colleges that competed in the meet were Cornell, Columbia, Lafayette, Lehigh, Rutgers, Swarthmore, City College of New York and New York University.

Growth of the meet

The number of entries from the first Penn Relay Carnival to the second Penn Relay Carnival quadrupled. Because of this, a time schedule of events had to be made to keep the meet organized. A rule was established that if a team was not on time to their race, the race would be run without them. In that same year a 5-mile relay was added to the meet which would later become the 4-mile relay. The next year, in 1897, the 2-mile relay or the 4 × 800 m relay was added to the meet. In 1898, The University of Chicago became the first midwestern team to attend the carnival. In the two years after that, the following events were added to the meet: 100-yard dash, 220-yard dash, 120-yard hurdles, high jump, pole vault, long jump, shot put and hammer throw.

The Term "Carnival" was put into the name of the meet in 1910 because of the carnival-like atmosphere created by the carnival-like tent camp at the meet. Also in 1910, the Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America created The Relay Racing Code. The Code created a 20-foot area in front of the starting line in which a touch-off between legs or runners of the relay could be made. This rule later became the rule for the exchange zone or the 20-meter zone (10 meters in front of the finish line, 10 meters behind the finish line) in which a baton can be passed from one leg of a relay to another. At that time there was no such thing as batons or exchange zones that are used in present-day relay racing; instead runners would stand on the starting line and wait for the runner before them to touch their hand. At the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, exchange zones were used for the first time. In 1913 at the Penn Relay Carnival, the baton was used for the first time. Zones and batons made exchanges from one leg of the relay to the next much more efficient and eventually made relay times much faster.

At the 1911 Penn Relay Carnival, the college and high school championship events became known as the "Championship of America" races. Ten years later the NCAA hosted the first college championship meet, but before then the Penn Relays was thought to be the national championship meet. In 1914, Oxford University turned the Penn Relay Carnival into an international event, becoming the first team outside of the United States to compete. That year Oxford won the 4-mile relay. The 1915 Penn Relay Carnival took place over two days instead of one as in the years before. That same year the sprint medley relay (200m, 200m, 400m, 800m) and the distance medley relay (1200m, 400m, 800m, 1600m) were added to the meet.

At the 1926 Carnival the championship event of the shuttle hurdle relay was added to the Penn Relays events at the suggestion of Lord Burghley, the UK's Olympic hurdler. Around that same time, the loudspeaker was added to the stadium which helped inform the spectators of the events on the track. Before the loudspeaker, announcers used megaphones to inform spectators.

In an effort to gain more participants in the relays, six new lanes were added to the inside of the track. This renovation allowed for more athletes to compete in the spinning events. That same year the northwest corner of the stadium, previously used as the finishing chute, was now used for the paddock area, where athletes were lined up and organized before their race. In the 1950s the schedule of events was changed so that the more popular events were run on Saturday afternoon.

The Carnival continued to grow as the years went on. In 1956, the number of spectators reached over 35,000 people for the first time and 4,000 athletes competed. Then in 1958, 43,618 people attended the meet. In 1962 women competed for the first time in the 100-yard dash. Two years later the high school girls 440-yard relays was added to the carnival. That same year Jamaican high schools started to compete in the meet.

The Penn Relay Carnival did not only grow in the number of spectators, participants and events, it also started to grow financially. In 1988, the carnival used corporate sponsorship instead of just earning money from tickets sold at the door like it had in the years before. In the years that followed, the crowd and number of participants gradually increased and the carnival would become nationally and internationally more popular.

The 2010 Relays featured a "USA vs. The World" program, pitting American teams against elite runners including Usain Bolt, Shelly-Ann Fraser and Alfred Kirwa Yego. The event broke all previous attendance records with a single-day high of 54,310 and the total of 117,346 for the three-day festival.

At the 2016 Relays, Ida Keeling became the first woman in history to complete a 100-meter run at the age of 100, which she did with a time of 1:17.33.

COVID outbreak

The 2020 Penn Relays was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. According to news sources, these were the first times the event had been canceled since the event's inception on April 21, 1895.

New events

In 2021, organisers split the Penn Relays into two different events -- the Philadelphia Metropolitan Collegiate Invitational presented by Toyota for colleges on the traditional weekend, and the Summer Series, which featured open races held in mid-July. A 5k race around the campus that finishes at the track was also introduced as an October event.

In 2022, the Penn Relays made both the Summer Showcase (now its own separate one-day event) and 5k standard events annual in July and October, respectively.

Franklin Field

Franklin Field was opened in 1895 specifically for the first Penn Relay Carnival. In this same year, Franklin Field was the site of the nation's first scoreboard. According to the NCAA, Franklin Field is the oldest stadium that functions as both a football field and a track and field stadium.

In the fall of 1903, it became the first permanent college stadium in the country and the first stadium with a horseshoe design. The stadium was rebuilt in 1922 to its present-day form. The lower deck seating was made more stable and the upper deck seating was added to the stadium to allow for more spectators. After Franklin Field's renovations, it became the first two-tiered stadium. In 1967 the 10 lane synthetic track was added to replace the old overused cinder track.

Prizes

The plaque

The plaque was first given out at the 1925 Penn Relay Carnival. The design that is on the plaque and the medals was created by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie. The picture on the awards features the founder of the University of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin, sitting in his library chair holding a laurel sprig in his left hand. Four nude runners stand facing him in a line all holding hands. The last runner in the line is holding the baton of the relay. Former University of Pennsylvania runners Larry Brown, Louis Madeira, George Orton and Ted Meredith posed as models for the design. The design is carved onto an 18" or 8" bronze plate and mounted on a wooden circle. Around the bronze picture, on the wooden part of the plaque, reads "Relay Carnival" above the design and "University of Pennsylvania" below the design.

Other prizes by event

College championship relays

The winning team in the college "Championship of America" relays will receive an 18" bronze plaque. The individuals on the first place relay will receive gold watches. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals.

College relays

The winning teams of the non-championship college relays will receive an 8" plaque. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals. The prizes for the college relays are the same for the Military Academies races except the individuals on the first place teams will receive gold watches as well and the plaque.

College championship individual events

First place individuals receive gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals.

College individual events

First place individuals receive gold medals instead of gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals.

High school championship relays

The winning team in the high school "Championship of America" relays will receive an 18" bronze plaque. The individuals on the first place relay will receive gold watches. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals. If a team from outside the United States wins one of these races, watches will also be given to the first American team in this race.

High school championship individual events

First place individuals receive gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals. Just like in the high school championship relays, the first American individual will receive the gold watch.

Olympic development relays

The first place relay will receive an 8" bronze plaque. The plaque will go to the first national team whose members are all the same nationality or the first USAT&F registered club whose members are all members of the same club. The individuals on the first place relay will receive gold watches. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals.

Olympic development individual events

First place individuals receive gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals.

Masters, Special Olympics, and blind relays

The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third fourth and fifth place teams will receive bronze medals.

Masters, Special Olympics, and blind individual events

First place individuals receive gold medals. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth place receive bronze medals.

IC4A men's and ECAC women's relays

The winning teams of these relays will receive an 8" plaque. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals. If the times of winners of these races are faster than that of the college championship races, they will receive gold watches.

High school Philadelphia, Tri-State, and consolation races

The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth, and fifth plea teams will receive bronze medals.

High school 4 × 400 m and 4 × 800 m and prep school 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m relays

The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third place teams will receive bronze medals.

Elementary school, junior high school, middle school, and parochial school relays

The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medal Individuals on the third place teams will receive bronze medals.

In popular culture

• Bayard Rustin was an African-American civil rights activist and the principal organizer of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Rustin is one of two men who both ran at the Penn Relays and had a school named in his honor.
• In the novel Crash by Jerry Spinelli, a boy is named "Penn" by his great-grandfather, who ran in the Penn Relays. In the end Penn gets to run in the Penn Relays.
• The Penn Relays play a key role in "Off to the Races," a second-season episode of The Cosby Show. Cliff Huxtable (Bill Cosby) is invited to participate in a relay race during the event, but finds himself running against Olympic medalist Valerie Brisco-Hooks.

World records

Over the course of its history, originally one world record was set at the Penn Relays (though it was revoked following doping results), and one record was subsequently declared a world record after World Athletics began recognising the event. The 2006 distance medley relay Kenyan team was the first world record recognised by World Athletics from this event when the event became an official event at their Relays event on May 1, 2015.

Meet records

Men

Women

References

;General

• Penn Relays Records ;Specific

References

1. (April 11, 1894). "General Sporting Notes". Philadelphia Inqiuirer.
2. "History of the Penn Relays". Official Site of the Penn Relay Carnival.
3. Lee, Kirby (April 25, 2010). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=56550.html Bolt electrifies record crowd with sub-9 second anchor leg at Penn Relays]. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2010-04-25.
4. (May 2016). "masterstrack.com".
5. (2 May 2016). "Watch: 100-year old Ida Keeling breaks 100-meter age group record". Yahoo Sports.
6. Los Angeles Times. (3 May 2016). "Watch 100-year-old Ida Keeling set a world record in the 100-meter dash, then do some push-ups". Los Angeles Times.
7. (4 March 2021). "2021 Penn Relays Canceled Due to Coronavirus Pandemic". NBC 10 Philadelphia.
8. "2021 Athletes and Coaches Meet Information".
9. "Penn Relays Announces Summer Series Presented By Toyota for All-Comers Including Scholastic and Masters".
10. (November 4, 2023). "Inaugural Penn Relays 5K Presented By Toyota Set For October 16".
11. "Franklin Field". Official Website of the Penn Relay Carnival.
12. "Prizes". The Official Site of the Penn Relay Carnival.
13. Hoover, Brett. (2016). "What's in a name". pennrelaysonline.
14. "$1.4million in prize money on offer at IAAF/BTC World Relays, Bahamas 2015".
15. (30 April 2022). "600m Result".
16. (27 April 2024). "Olympic Development Men's Mile Run Elite Result".
17. (30 April 2022). "World U20 sprint records fall as Knighton runs 19.49 and Tebogo clocks 9.96". World Athletics.
18. (30 April 2022). "Romero Topples Discus Record at Penn Relays".
19. (April 24, 2010). "4x100 Metres Relay Results". www.pennrelaysonline.com.
20. (April 29, 2017). "Sprint Medley Results". pennrelaysonline.com.
21. (27 April 2024). "College Men's 4xMile Championship of America Results".
22. (30 April 2022). "600m Result".
23. "1500m Results".
24. (April 24, 2010). "100 Metres Hurdles Results". www.pennrelaysonline.com.
25. (April 25, 2019). "3000m Steeplechase Results".
26. (April 28, 2011). "Pole Vault Results". www.pennrelaysonline.com.
27. (April 29, 2017). "Triple Jump Results". pennrelaysonline.com.
28. Kirby Lee. (April 29, 2012). "Felix paces meet records in 4x100m and 4x400m relays at Penn". [[IAAF]].
29. (April 27, 2013). "4x800m Relay Results". www.pennrelaysonline.com.
30. (30 April 2022). "4×1500m Relay Result".
31. Bob Ramsak. (April 29, 2018). "Women's sprint medley world best highlight's 124th Penn Relays". IAAF.
32. (27 April 2024). "College Women's Distance Medley Championship of America".