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Paracentral lobule

Region of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain

Field	Value
Name	Paracentral lobule
Latin	lobulus paracentralis
Image	Sobo 1909 624 - Paracentral lobule.png
Caption	Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. (Paracentral lobule is shown in red.)
Image2	Cerebral Gyri - Medial Surface1.png
Caption2	Medial view of a halved human brain (Paracentral lobule labeled at top center, in blue.)

In neuroanatomy, the paracentral lobule is on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere and is the continuation of the precentral and postcentral gyri. The paracentral lobule controls motor and sensory innervations of the contralateral lower extremity. It is also responsible for control of blushing, defecation and urination.

It includes portions of the frontal and parietal lobes:

The anterior portion of the paracentral lobule is part of the frontal lobe and contains a little portion of Brodmann's area 6 (SMA): this is because the paracentral sulcus (branch of the cingulate sulcus) does not correspond to the precentral sulcus on the medial plane.
The posterior portion is considered part of the parietal lobe and deals with somatosensory of the distal limbs.

While the boundary between the lobes, the central sulcus, is easy to locate on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres, this boundary is often discerned in a cytoarchetectonic manner in cases where the central sulcus is not visible on the medial surface.

Function

Neurons in paracentral lobule are concerned with:

Motor and sensory innervations of the contralateral lower extremity
Regulation of physiological function such as blushing, defecation and micturition

Blood supply

It is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery.

Applied anatomy

Damage of paracentral lobule occurs from occlusion of anterior cerebral artery. Characteristic manifestations include:

Contralateral lower limb muscle weakness
Urinary incontinence

Gallery

File:Paracentral lobule animation small.gif|Animation. Paracentral lobule is shown in red. File:Medial surface of cerebral cortex - gyri.png|Medial view of a human right cerebral hemisphere. Paracentral lobule is labeled at top center, in green. File:Sobo 1909 632 - Paracentral lobule.png|Medial view of a human right cerebral hemisphere. Paracentral lobule is labeled at top center, in blue. File:Gray727 cingulate sulcus.svg|Cingulate sulcus defines the boundaries of the paracentral lobule. File:Gray727 marginal sulcus.svg|Marginal sulcus. It defines the posterior boundary of the paracentral lobule. File:Gray727 paracentral sulcus.png|Paracentral sulcus. It defines the anterior boundary of the paracentral lobule. File:Gray727 central sulcus.svg|Central sulcus on the medial surface. It divides the paracentral lobule into the anterior part and the posterior part. File:Paracentral - DK ATLAS.png|Paracentral lobule, shown in the right cerebral hemisphere.

References

Nikolić, Milica. (2024-07-17). "The blushing brain: neural substrates of cheek temperature increase in response to self-observation". The Royal Society.
(2003). "Neuroscience in medicine". Humana Press.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

gyri frontal-lobe parietal-lobe medial-surface-of-cerebral-hemisphere

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