Parable of the Strong Man

Text

In Matthew chapter 12, the parable is as follows:

In Mark chapter 3, the parable is as follows:

In Luke chapter 11, the parable is as follows:

Interpretation

In the canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, this parable forms part of the Beelzebul controversy, where Jesus's opponents accuse him of gaining his power to exorcise demons by being in league with Satan. In a common Interpretation, the strong man represents Satan, and the attacker represents Jesus. Satan has control over the earth (the house), but Jesus defeats Satan with his earthly ministry (tying Satan up).

Jesus thus says that he could not perform exorcisms (represented by stealing the strong man's possessions) unless he was opposed to – and had defeated – Satan (represented by tying up the strong man). Craig S. Keener suggests that the parable relates to the common wisdom that "no one plunders a strong man," while R. T. France and others see the parable as echoing the Book of Isaiah:

It has been suggested that "Beelzebul" means "house of Ba'al", and that the image of the strong man's house was originally a wordplay on this.James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001, p. 121

In the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas, which does not have the context of the Beelzebul controversy, the parable has been interpreted as merely suggesting that "the strong man must be free to protect his house and belongings. The thief must understand this situation in order to accomplish his goal of plundering. Jesus does not seem to oppose or condemn this person".

Some charismatic traditions in the United States interpret the passage with more emphasis on the exorcistic nature of the parable, believing the strong man to be emblematic of specific types of spirits that are overcome by Jesus’ power.

References

References

1. "Gospel of Thomas (Lambdin Translation) -- The Nag Hammadi Library".
2. (1983). "The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament". Victor Books.
3. (2007). "Matthew : A Commentary Vol. 1". W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.
4. (1979). "The Gospel of Matthew : a homiletical commentary". Kregel Publications.
5. Jürgen Becker, trans. James E. Crouch, ''Jesus of Nazareth'', Walter de Gruyter, 1998, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pIFLSEAKne4C&dq=mark+3:27&pg=RA1-PA184 p. 184]
6. Duane Frederick Watson, ''The Intertexture of Apocalyptic Discourse in the New Testament'', Brill Academic Publishers, 2003, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dIwYtuvc4KYC&dq=%22mark+3:27%22&pg=RA2-PA26 p. 26]
7. William Telford, ''The Theology of the Gospel of Mark'', Cambridge University Press, 1999, {{ISBN
8. [[Craig S. Keener]], ''A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999, {{ISBN
9. [[R. T. France]], ''The Gospel of Matthew'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, {{ISBN
10. Richard Valantasis, ''The Gospel of Thomas'', Routledge (UK), 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLnYm7oKUmkC&dq=thomas+35+strong+man&pg=RA2-PA110 p. 111]
11. Comer, John Mark. "Practicing the Way".