Paniai Lakes languages

Languages

The languages are:

• Paniai Lakes languages
  • Moni
  • Central
    • Wolani (Wodani)
    • Ekari (Ekari, Mee)
    • Auye (incl. Dao)

They are most closely related to the Dani languages, Amung and Dem.

Pronouns

Independent pronouns and possessive prefixes are:

:{| class="wikitable" ! !!singular!!dual!!plural |- !1 |*ani, *na-||*ina||*ini, *ni- |- !2 |*aka, *ka-||*ika||*iki |- !3 |*oka, *e- |}

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from Larson & Larson (1972) and Voorhoeve (1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. homa, huma for “stone”) or not (e.g. bodiya, usa for “fire”).

:{| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Ekari (Paniai Lake dialect) !! Ekari !! Moni (Kemandoga dialect) !! Moni !! Wolani (Upper Mbijandoga dialect) !! Wolani |- ! head | || migo || || muŋagi || || moto |- ! hair | || iyo || || mbagu || || elo |- ! eye | || peka || || seŋgamu || || |- ! nose | juma || || jange || || juma || |- ! tooth | egó || ego || baga || baga || hego || hego |- ! tongue | etá || || dabe || || debegada || |- ! leg | || || || bado || || bado |- ! louse | uka || uka || amu || amu || uka || uka |- ! dog | || dodi || || home || || kawino |- ! pig | || ekina || || wogo || || iŋgina |- ! bird | bedo || bedo || beka || bega || bido || bido |- ! egg | || nipo || || ŋgeda || || |- ! blood | emo || emo || eka || ega || emo || emo |- ! bone | mitoo || mitoo || iwa || iwa || mitoo || mitoo |- ! skin | kadó || kado || ada || ada || ebada || ebada |- ! breast | ama || || ama || || ama || |- ! tree | pija || piya || bo || bo || pija || piya |- ! man | jame || yame || aka || me || me || me |- ! sun | meuka; tani || tani || emondani || emondani || dame || dame |- ! moon | agoo || || tinawi || || agoo || |- ! water | uwo || uwo || du || du || uwo || uwo |- ! fire | bodija || bodiya || usa || usa || bida || bida |- ! stone | mogo || mogo || homa || ŋeda || huma || huma |- ! road, path | itá || || kejako || || hindá || |- ! name | eka || eka || eje || eze || ekada || ekada |- ! eat | nai || nai || nuija || nuya || nona || nona |- ! one | ena; kate || ena; kato || hako || hago || naa || naa |- ! two | wijá || wiya || hija || hiya || wijá || wiya |}

Evolution

Paniai Lakes reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:

Ekari language:

• ama ‘breast’
• benáî ‘arm’
• modo ‘belly’
• ama ‘breast’
• kado ‘skin’
• yame ‘louse’
• mei- ‘come’
• wawa ‘father’
• mana ‘speech, talk’
• tani ‘sun’

Moni language:

• ama ‘breast’
• (duku)mudu ‘heart’
• ada ‘skin’
• pane ‘woman’
• timu ‘night’
• homa ‘stone’
• usa ‘tree’
• me- ‘come’

References

References

1. [https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/west-papuan-highlands/paniai-lakes NewGuineaWorld]
2. Larson, Gordon F. & Larson, M.O. 1972. The Ekagi-Wodani-Moni Language family of West Irian. ''Irian'', 1(3), pp. 80–95.
3. Voorhoeve, C.L. ''Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists''. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. {{doi. 10.15144/PL-B31
4. Greenhill, Simon. (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea".
5. (2018). "The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide". De Gruyter Mouton.