Pandanus amaryllifolius

Occurrence and habitat

Pandanus amaryllifolius is a true cultigen, and is believed to have been domesticated in ancient times. It is sterile and can only reproduce vegetatively through suckers or cuttings. It was first described from specimens from the Maluku Islands, and the rare presence of male flowers in these specimens may indicate that it is the origin of the species. However, as no other wild specimens have been found, this is still conjecture. The plant is grown widely throughout Southeast Asia and South Asia.

Botanical features

The characteristic aroma of pandan is caused by the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, found in the lower epidermal papillae; the compound gives white bread, jasmine rice, basmati rice and bread flowers Vallaris glabra their typical smell.{{cite journal | name-list-style=amp Though the plant is unknown in the wild, it is widely cultivated. It is an upright, green plant with fan-shaped sprays of long, narrow, blade-like leaves and woody aerial roots. The plant is sterile, with flowers only growing very rarely, and is propagated by cuttings.

Use

Culinary

The taste of pandan has been described as floral, sweet, grassy, as well as like vanilla. It often has a subtle flavor or scent.

In Singapore, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines, it is commonly called pandan or pandan wangi (fragrant pandan). The green juice acquired from its leaf is used extensively in Malaysian cuisine, Indonesian cuisine, and Philippine cuisine as green food colouring and flavouring agents that give a pleasant aroma to traditional cakes such as kue and kakanin; including klepon, kue putu, dadar gulung, lapis legit, pandan cake, buko pandan salad, and buko pandan cake. The tied knot of bruised pandan leaf is also added into fragrant coconut rice to enhance the aroma.

In Sri Lanka, it is called rampe ( ; ) and it is grown almost in every household. Most of the Sri Lankan dishes use these leaves for aroma along with curry leaves. In India it is called * annapurna* leaves; In Odisha, annapurna leaves are used to lend aroma to rice and pithas, in Bangladesh, it is called pulao pata (পোলাও পাতা); and in the Maldives, it is called ran’baa along with the other variety of pandan there (Pandanus fascicularis), and is used to enhance the flavor of pulao, biryani, and sweet coconut rice pudding, or payesh if basmati rice is not used. It acts as a cheap substitute for basmati fragrance, as one can use normal, nonfragrant rice and with pandan the dish tastes and smells like basmati is used. మొగిలి) in Telugu, ramba in Tamil, biriyanikaitha in Malayalam, pandan wangi in Malaysian and Indonesian, hsun hmway () in Burmese, pandan in Visayan languages and Tagalog, ใบเตย bai tooey in Thai, rampe ('රම්පෙ') in Sinhala, ស្លឹកតើយ sleuk toi in Khmer, daun pandan in Nonya cooking,{{cite web| url = http://nonya-cooking.webs-sg.com/daun_pandan.html

The leaves are used either fresh or dried, and are commercially available in frozen form in Asian grocery stores of nations where the plant does not grow. They have a nutty, botanical fragrance that is used as a flavor enhancer in many Asian cuisines, especially in rice dishes, desserts, and cakes.{{cite web |url= https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/social-and-lifestyle/1590466/reading-the-leaves |title= Reading the leaves |author= Chuon Bona |date= December 9, 2018 |publisher= Bangkok Post |access-date= January 14, 2026 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114101708/https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/social-and-lifestyle/1590466/reading-the-leaves |archive-date=January 14, 2026 }}

The leaves are sometimes steeped in coconut milk, which is then added to the dish. They may be tied in a bunch and cooked with the food. They may be woven into a basket which is used as a pot for cooking rice. Pandan chicken (), is a dish of chicken parts wrapped in pandan leaves and fried. The leaves are also used as a flavoring for desserts such as pandan cake and sweet beverages. Pandan is often used as a flavoring in the Thai dessert khanom thuai. Filipino cuisine uses pandan as a flavoring in some coconut milk-based dishes as well as desserts like buko pandan. It is also used widely in rice-based pastries such as suman and numerous sweet drinks and desserts.{{cite web| last = IJsselstein| title= Lyn's Recipes Corner

Pandan leaves and their extract have also been used as a food preservative due to their antibacterial and antifungal properties (particularly against mold).

In October 2017, celebrity chef Nigella Lawson predicted that pandan would displace popular matcha and avocado toast. While the plant’s visibility on social networks, especially in the United Kingdom, increased in 2017, there was also pushback against reports that described Lawson as "discovering" a "new" ingredient, as pandan has been widely used in Asia for a long time.

Bottled pandan extract is available in shops, and often contains green food coloring.

Fragrance and traditional medicine

The leaves are used in the perfume industry and traditional medicine. P. amaryllifolius essence may substitute for vanilla essence.

Studies have established repellent activity of P. amaryllifolius against American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana L.).

Air freshener

The leaves possess a pleasant aroma and can be used as natural air fresheners. In Thailand, cab drivers sometimes use pandan for this purpose.

References

References

1. (12 January 2013). "''Pandanus amaryllifolius'' – The only Pandanus with fragrant leaves".
2. (2009). "''Pandanus amaryllifolius'' Roxb. cultivated as a spice in coastal regions of India". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.
3. Stone, BC. (1978). "Studies in Malesian Pandanaceae XVII. On the taxonomy of 'Pandan Wangi' — a Pandanus cultivar with scented leaves.". Econ Bot.
4. (2009). "Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. cultivated as a spice in coastal regions of India". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution.
5. Barbano, Paul. (2020-01-29). "To mimic its tropical home, give Pandan Grass lots of warmth and humidity".
6. (2020-07-09). "Home Guides: How to Plant Pandan".
7. Chong, May. (2017-10-22). "Here's what you need to know about pandan leaves - 'the next big food trend'".
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12. (April 2009). "Pandan leaves extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) as a food preservative". Indonesian Journal of Medicine and Health.
13. Steafel, Eleanor. (2017-10-17). "Pandan leaf, blue algae and the other ingredients coming soon to a dinner party near you". The Telegraph.
14. Commetric. (2018-02-02). "Mapping the Top Food & Drink Trends of 2018: Pandan".
15. (2017-11-14). "Has Nigella 'Columbused' pandan?".
16. Keller J (2001) Pandanaceae. In: Hanelt P, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (eds) Mansfeld’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, pp 2816–2824
17. Wyk BEV (2005) Food plants of the world: identification, culinary uses and nutritional value. Times Editions–Marshall Cavendish, Singapore, p 275
18. (1995). "Repellency of essential oils against the domiciliary cockroach, Periplaneta americana L.". Insect Sci Appl.
19. "This tropical plant gives foods a nutty flavor — and surprising color". The Washington Post.
20. "All You Need to Know About Pandan". Michelin.