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Palmyrene Aramaic

Western Aramaic dialect spoken in the city of Palmyra in the early centuries AD

Summary

Western Aramaic dialect spoken in the city of Palmyra in the early centuries AD

Field	Value
name	Palmyrene Aramaic
altname	Palmyrean
image	Inscription Palmyra Louvre AO2205.jpg
region	Syrian Desert
extinct	1st millennium
familycolor	Afro-Asiatic
fam2	Semitic
fam3	West Semitic
fam4	Central Semitic
fam5	Northwest Semitic
fam6	Aramaic
fam7	Eastern Aramaic
ancestor	Proto-Afroasiatic
ancestor2	Proto-Semitic
ancestor3	Old Aramaic
ancestor4	Middle Aramaic
isoexception	dialect
linglist	qhy-pal
glotto	palm1242
script	Palmyrene alphabet
imagecaption	Limestone funerary slab

Palmyrene Aramaic was a Middle Aramaic dialect, exhibiting both Eastern and Western Aramaic grammatical features, and is therefore often regarded as a dialect continuum between the two branches. It was primarily documented in Palmyra itself, but also found in the western parts of the Roman Empire, extending as far as Britannia. Dated inscriptions range from 44 BCE to 274 CE, with over 4,000 known inscriptions, mostly comprising honorific, dedicatory, and funerary texts. The dialect still retains echoes of earlier Imperial Aramaic. The lexicon bears influences from both Koine Greek and, to some extent, Arabic.

The dual had disappeared from it.

The written Palmyrene language was composed in a rounded script that later exhibited resemblances to the Syriac Estrangela script.

References

Notes

References

"Palmyrean". [[Linguist List.
"Tempus, Aspekt und Modalität im Reichsaramäischen". Harrassowitz.
"Aramaic Inscriptions and Documents of the Roman Period". OUP Oxford.
(2010). "Die aramäischen Achikar-Sprüche aus Elephantine und die alttestamentliche Weisheitsliteratur". Walter de Gruyter.
"Hellenistic and Roman Greece as a Sociolinguistic Area". John Benjamins Publishing Company.
(12 December 2018). "The Syriac World". Routledge.
Charles Fontinoy. (1969). "Le duel dans les langues sémitiques". Librairie Droz.
Sebastian P. Brock: ''Greek and Latin Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions: A Comparison with Syriac,'' in: Eleonora Cussini (Hrsg.): ''A Journey to Palmyra. Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers'' (= ''Culture and History of the Ancient Near East'' 22). Brill, Leiden 2005, 11–25; Holger Gzella: ''Die Palmyrener in der griechisch-römischen Welt. Kulturelle Begegnung im Spiegel des Sprachkontaktes,'' in: ''Klio'' 87 (2005), 445–458; Ders.: ''Das Aramäisch in den römischen Ostprovinzen. Sprachsituationen in Arabien, Syrien und Mesopotamien zur Kaiserzeit,'' in: Bibliotheca Orientalis 63 (2006), 15–39.
Mohammed Maraqten: ''The Arabic Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions,'' in: ''ARAM'' 7 (1995), 89–108.
"A Corpus of Syriac Incantation Bowls". Brill.

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aramaic-languages eastern-aramaic-languages languages-of-syria extinct-languages-of-asia palmyra

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