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Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company

British shipbuilding company (1852–1933)

British shipbuilding company (1852–1933)

FieldValue
namePalmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company
typePublic
imageHMS Queen Mary LOC 10459.jpg
image_captionThe launch of beneath the distinctive gantry cranes of Palmers' yard
fateCollapsed 1933
successorArmstrong Whitworth
foundation1852
locationJarrow, UK
industryShipbuilding

Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company Limited, often referred to simply as "Palmers", was a British shipbuilding company. The company was based in Jarrow, County Durham, in north-eastern England, and had operations in Hebburn and Willington Quay on the River Tyne.

History

Early history and growth

A triple expansion steam engine built in Palmers' engine works, as used in their torpedo boat destroyers

The company was established in 1852 by Charles Mark Palmer as Palmer Brothers & Co. in Jarrow. Later that year it launched the John Bowes, the first iron screw collier. By 1900, the business was known as Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company. At that time, besides building ships, it manufactured and processed its own steel and other metals, and its products included Reed water tube boilers and marine steam engines.

By 1902, Palmers' base at Jarrow occupied about 100 acres (41 hectares) and included 0.75 miles (1.2 kilometres) of the southern bank of the River Tyne, and employed about 10,000 men and boys. In 1910, Sir Charles Palmer's interest in the business was acquired by Lord Furness who, as Chairman, expanded the business by acquiring a lease over a new graving dock at Hebburn from Robert Stephenson and Company. In 1919, Palmers laid down the , which was sunk by a German U-boat in 1941, causing the loss of 84 lives and 200 lt of silver.

Depression and collapse

The Great Depression began in 1929, all but destroying the shipbuilding industry, which did not rebound until the Second World War. In 1931, Palmers posted a loss of £88,867, . The company received a moratorium from its creditors in order to extend repayment. In January 1933, the majority of the company's unsecured creditors met in London and agreed to extend the moratorium a further six months.

Palmers was unable to survive and collapsed by the end of 1933. The company's blast furnaces and steel works—which covered 37 acres—were put up for auction. The Jarrow yard was sold to National Shipbuilders Securities, which closed it down in order to sell it, causing much unemployment and leading to the Jarrow March. After the shipyard closed, following support from the industrialist, Sir John Jarvis, the site was used the engine shop as a steel foundry for another 18 months.

The company retained the yard at Hebburn and was acquired by Armstrong Whitworth, becoming Palmers Hebburn Company. In 1973, Vickers-Armstrongs, successor to Armstrong Whitworth, sold the Palmers Dock at Hebburn to Swan Hunter and developed it as the Hebburn Shipbuilding Dock. This facility was acquired from the receivers of Swan Hunter by Tyne Tees Dockyard in 1994. They sold it to Cammell Laird in 1995. When Cammell Laird entered receivership in 2001, the dock was acquired by A&P Group. The yard remains in use as a ship repair and refurbishment facility.

Ships built by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company

Ships built by Palmers included:

[[Battlecruiser]]s

  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1912)

[[Battleship]]s

HMS Defence, a battleship of 1861, as she looked after 1866
6}} of 1861, as she appeared from 1866
refer to caption
6}} of 1915, as seen in the 1930s
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1861)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1910)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1906)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1892)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1915)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1892)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1901)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1870)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1856)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1870)

[[Cruiser]]s

the cruiser HMS Orlando of 1886
6}} of 1886, as seen in the 1890s
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1885)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1918)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1886)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1897)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1890)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1897)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Canadian Navy (1891)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1891)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1885)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1886)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1928)

[[Destroyer]]s

HMS Diana in 1933
6}} of 1932, as seen in 1933
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1896)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1896)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1903)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1896)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1903)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1932)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1932)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1903)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1903)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1903)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1897)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1897)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1897)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1895)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1900)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1895)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Canadian Navy (1932)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1900)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1899)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1895)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1904)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1899)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1896)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1905)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1900)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1904)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1905)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1896)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1918)

[[Monitor (warship)|Monitors]]

HMS Marshal Ney in 1915
6}} in 1915
  • [[File:Flag of Victoria (Australia).svg|20px]] Victorian Navy (1868)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1915)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1871)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1915)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1915)

[[River gunboat]]s

river gunboat HMS Spey of 1876
6}} of 1876
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1877)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1877)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1877)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1876)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1876)
  • [[File:Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg|20px]] Austro-Hungarian Navy (1889)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1876)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1877)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1876)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1876)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1876)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1877)
  • [[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|White Ensign]] Royal Navy (1877)

Merchant and leisure

SS John Bowes of 1852
collier
SS Meriones of 1922
Meriones}} of 1922

[[Cable ship]]s

  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Atlantic Telegraph Company (1923)

[[Cargo ship]]s

  • Anne Thomas [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1882)
  • Anthony Radcliffe [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1893)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Alfred Holt and Company (1922)
  • Clarrisa Radcliffe [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1889)
  • Douglas Hill [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1890)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British-India Steam Navigation Company (1919)
  • Gwenllian Thomas [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1882)
  • Iolo Morganwg [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1882)
  • John Bowes [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Charles Palmer (1852)
  • Kate Thomas [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1884)
  • Lady Palmer [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1889)
  • Mary Thomas [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Evan Thomas Radcliffe (1889)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] (1900)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] China Mutual Steam Navigation Company (1922)
  • SS Reigate [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Surrey Steamship Co Ltd, London (1901) (renamed Anversoise 1911)
  • Slavic Prince (Prince Line Ltd, Newcastle) (1918)

[[Oil tanker]]s

  • British Ardour [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1928)
  • British Aviator [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1924)
  • British Captain [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1923)
  • British Chemist [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1925)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1929)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1922)
  • British Freedom [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1928)
  • British General [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1922)
  • British Honour [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1928)
  • British Industry [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1927)
  • British Inventor [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1926)
  • British Justice [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1928)
  • British Light [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1917)
  • British Loyalty [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1928)
  • British Mariner [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1922)
  • British Officer [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1922)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1922)
  • British Science [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1931)
  • [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1922)
  • British Splendour [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1931)
  • British Strength [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1931)
  • British Yeoman [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] British Tanker Company (1923)

[[Passenger ship]]s

  • (1860)
  • (1896)
  • (1868)

[[Steam yacht]]s

  • Xantha [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey (1867)

[[Tug]]s

  • PT Northumberland [[File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|20px|Red Ensign]] G. Wascoe, Shields, 1852 Yard number 1

Cargo vessels

  • S.S. Socotra, 1897

Notes

Explanatory footnotes

Citations

General and cited references

References

  1. (22 May 2007). "Building for the world". [[The Journal (Newcastle upon Tyne newspaper).
  2. (11 November 1912). "Christopher Furness, Obituary". [[The Times]].
  3. (26 September 2011). "Shipwreck of SS Gairsoppa reveals £150m silver haul". BBC News.
  4. (21 May 2012). "SS Gairsoppa recovery". Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment.
  5. (14 January 1933). "Palmers' Moratorium". Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette.
  6. (10 July 1934). "Steel Works to be Sold at Auction". [[The Times]].
  7. [http://www.wiki-north-east.co.uk/topics/charles-palmer Charles Palmer] {{webarchive. link. (8 February 2009)
  8. "Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company". Grace's Guide.
  9. (October 2005). "Report on the Access to Shipbuilding Collections in North East England (ARK) Project". Tyne & Wear Archives.
  10. (2010). "Swan Hunter History: Naval ships". swanhunter.com.
  11. (n.d.). "Shipbuilder: Palmers Hebburn Co Ltd, Hebburn (1934 – 1973)". Tyne Built Ships.
  12. (1995). "UK north east yards extend dock capacity". Motor Ship.
  13. (2 March 2011). "New owner for A&P Tyne shipyard". [[The Journal (Newcastle upon Tyne newspaper).
  14. "Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Co - Graces Guide".
  15. "Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Co - Graces Guide".
  16. [http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/N-Ships/nevada1868.html SS ''Nevada'']
  17. "Palmer Tyne shipbuilder Jarrow Willington Quay".
  18. "Tyne tug Northumberland 1852".
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