Palma, Mozambique

Economy and languages

Various languages, including Makwe, Makonde, Mwani, Swahili, and Portuguese, are spoken in the town. The town was historically known for its fishing, basketry, and mat-weaving industries.

The local economy was transformed by the discovery of gas in the nearby Indian Ocean in 2010, which led to a rapidly growing liquefied natural gas sector. Palma is close to facilities for natural gas extraction off the coast of Mozambique, a major offshore gas project by TotalEnergies.

2021 attack

Main article: Battle of Palma

Beginning in October 2017, armed Islamist extremists linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) launched a jihadist insurgency in the Cabo Delgado region. The militants launched attacks and committed mass beheadings, and in August 2020 seized the port town of Mocimboa da Praia. The group sometimes called themselves al-Shabaab, although they do not have known links with the Somali al-Shabaab, a different jihadist group.

They attacked Palma on 24 March 2021; more than 35,000 people were displaced, many fleeing to the provincial capital, Pemba. Dozens of civilians were murdered, with beheaded bodies left in the street. The militants battled with the Mozambican military, police, and the Dyck Advisory Group (a private military company hired by the police). Lionel Dyck, the head of the Dyck group, said that the attackers wore dark uniforms, were organized, and well-equipped with AK-47 rifles, RPD and PKM machine guns, and heavy mortars.

Prior to the attack, the population was around 75,000. On 29 March, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed that its Islamic State's Central Africa Province was responsible for the attack and said they had killed 55 people, including Mozambican army soldiers; these claims could not be immediately independently verified.

The attack on Palma raised fears of a possible humanitarian crisis.

On 5 April, military forces of Mozambique recaptured Palma.

References

References

1. [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/28/dozens-of-defenceless-civilians-killed-mozambique-attack Dozens of 'defenceless' civilians killed in Mozambique attack], Al Jazeera (28 March 2021).
2. ''Lonely Planet Southern Africa'' ([[Lonely Planet]]: 7th ed. 2017), p. 227.
3. Padil Salimo, "[https://forskning.ruc.dk/en/publications/the-politics-of-lng-local-state-power-and-contested-demands-for-l The politics of LNG: local state power and contested demands for land acquisitions in Palma, Mozambique]" in ''Extractive Industries and Changing State Dynamics in Africa: Beyond the Resource Curse'' (Routledge Studies in African Development series; eds. Jon Schubert, Ulf Engel & Elísio Macamo: Routledge, 2018).
4. (24 March 2021). "Armed groups attack Mozambique town closest to gas projects: sources". Reuters.
5. Max Bearak, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/03/31/mozambique-palma-attack-insurgency/ As militants overrun Mozambique oil town, fears rise of 'humanitarian catastrophe'], ''Washington Post'' (31 March 2021).
6. Eric Morier-Genoud, [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531055.2020.1789271 The jihadi insurgency in Mozambique: origins, nature and beginning], ''Journal of Eastern African Studies'', Vol. 14, issue 3, pp. 396-412 (July 2020).
7. David M. Matsinhe & Estacio Valoi, [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-1ff4b6d1e9 The genesis of insurgency in northern Mozambique], ''ISS Southern Africa Report'', Vol. 2019, No. 27.
8. (28 March 2021). "As Militants Seize Mozambique Gas Hub, a Dash for Safety Turns Deadly". New York Times.
9. (27 March 2021). "As Islamist Siege in Mozambique Drags On, Natural Gas Project Scrambles to Evacuate". [[The Wall Street Journal]].
10. Andrew Meldrum, [https://apnews.com/article/mozambique-palma-rebels-beheaded-bodies-e0b0a68eec8f322ebbcaf13384f890fd Rebels leave beheaded bodies in streets of Mozambique town], Associated Press (29 March 2021).
11. Many foreign and domestic natural gas workers evacuated the town by boat, helicopter, and convey, but others could not be evacuated. Most communications with the town were cut off on 29 March.Emma Rumney & Omar Fahmy, [https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN2BL1YY Islamic State claims deadly attack on northern Mozambique town], Reuters (29 March 2021).
12. Alex Crawford. (5 April 2021). "Mozambique: Bodies in the street and hospital vandalised - Sky News first to see devastation left by extremists". Sky News.