Palatal hook

Scope

The palatal hook was introduced in 1921 and officially adopted in 1928. The last published IPA chart to support it was that of 1979. The following single non-palatal consonants appear on that chart. Those attested with palatal hook are bolded and set with the hook; the hooked letters are either in Unicode or are scheduled to appear in Unicode 18 in 2026. The columns for palatal letters are omitted; they are generally redundant with the hook, though 'palatalized palatals' are described in the literature. C with hook, ꞔ, is not a palatal letter but a script variant of ᶃ.

:{| class="wikitable" |- align="center" !colspan=2| ᶆ !colspan=2| ᶇ !colspan=2| 𝼔 |- align="center" ! ᶈ || ᶀ ! ƫ || ᶁ | ʈ || ɖ ||colspan=2| ! ᶄ || ᶃ/ꞔ || q̡ (𝼴) || ɢ̡ (𝼰) |- align="center" ! ɸ̡ (𝼳) || β̡ (𝼻) || ᶂ || ᶌ || θ̡ (𝼼) || ð̡ (𝼯) || ᶊ || ᶎ | ʂ || ʐ ! ᶋ/ʆ* || 𝼘/ʓ* ! ᶍ || ɣ̡ (𝼱) || χ̡ (𝼽) || ʁ̡ (𝼶) | ʍ || ! ħ̡ (𝼲) || ʕ̡ (𝼺) || ꞕ | ɦ |- align="center" !colspan=2| ʋ̡ (𝼹) !colspan=2| 𝼕 !colspan=2| w̡ (𝾂) |- align="center" ! 𝼓 | ɮ (𝽧)* ||colspan=16| |- align="center" !colspan=2| ᶅ |- align="center" !colspan=2| ᶉ !rowspan=2 colspan=2| ʀ̡ (𝼵) |- align="center" !colspan=2| 𝼖 ||colspan=2| ɽ̡ (𝼷) |- align="center" | || ɓ ||colspan=4| || ! ɗ̡ (𝼭) |- align="center" |- align="center" |}

*ʃ, ʒ and ɮ occur with a palatal curl, which was the preferred forms for these letters in the IPA of their era.

Other non-palatal consonants listed below the chart:

:ᵵ, ɫ̡ (etc.): should be typeset with the hook letter and an overstruck tilde diacritic or vice versa :ɼ [used for Czech, does not occur palatalized] :ɺ :ɧ [used for Swedish, does not occur palatalized] :ʦ̡ (𝼸) 𝼗 𝼒 [ʣ̡ (𝼮) is implied but not listed on the chart; palatal curl 𝼬, 𝼫 will be available with Unicode 18]

Computer encoding

Unicode includes a combining character for the palatal hook, but it is not canonically equivalent to the precomposed characters, which should be used instead.

References

References

1. (1999). "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet". Cambridge University Press.
2. [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24050-palatal-hook.pdf L2/24-050: Unicode request for letters with palatal hook]
3. "Unicode request for lezh with curl".
4. (2011-05-24). "N4070: Second revised proposal to add characters used in Lithuanian dialectology to the UCS". ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.