Paharganj

History

Mughal era

In the years after its establishment in 1638, Shahjahanabad, the capital of the Mughal Empire under Shah Jahan, was no longer contained within the walled city, it soon spilled into surrounding areas, stretching into miles at each end, where half of its population stayed. By 1739, the suburbs covered 1800 acres and included areas like Mughalpura, Sabzimandi, Paharganj, and Jaisingh Pura. One of the largest and most important suburban mohalla of the Walled City of Delhi, and located just outside the Ajmeri Gate of the Walled city, Paharganj was one of five main markets of Delhi, and the only one outside the walled city. Also, it was the principal grain market of the city in the 18th century, where grain was ferried, across Yamuna River, from wholesale markets and warehouses in Patparganj and Shahdara. Between Paharganj and Akbarabadi gate of the walled city was Shahganj, another wholesale market, while on the other side towards Jantar Mantar was Raja Bazar. In fact, Paharganj was also referred as Shahganj or King's ganj or market place during Mughal era, it gets its present name 'Paharganj', literally meaning Hilly neighbourhood, owing to its proximity to the Raisina Hill, where the Rashtrapati Bhavan stand today. Till 1857, neighbourhoods like Paharganj, Kishenganj, and Pahari Dhiraj, were separate pockets which in the following years grew and merged, for example Pahari Dhiraj merged into Sadar Bazaar.

In the 1690s, Ghaziuddin Khan, a general of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, a leading Deccan commander and the father of Asaf Jah I, the founder of the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Hyderabad, through religious endowment founded a madarsa, Madrasa Ghaziuddin Khan after him. It eventually paved way for the present Zakir Hussain College, which in 1986, shifted to a new building outside Turkman Gate, the old structure in the Madrasa Ghaziuddin complex, still houses a hostel for the college and Ghaziuddin's mausoleum. Also Anglo Arabic Senior Secondary School operates at the same place.

British era

When the Lutyens' Delhi was being built in the 1920s, the area also saw major development, and the old 'Imperial theatre', built in 1930, stands as a legacy to that era. Its neighboring area of Jaisinghpura, Indeed, the "Delhi Town Planning Committee on the planning of new Imperial capital" with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted its report on 13 June 1912, it proposed a plan to include Paharganj and Sadar Bazaar into the developing new imperial city, as they were only areas of Old Delhi, spilling into the planned New Delhi area. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy, when the cost of compensation while acquiring the properties, was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north–south axis, linking Viceroy's House with Paharganj, as the end of the axis.

Gradually, Chai-Tuti-Chowk or Six Tuti Chowk, named after six water taps originally place here for the public, developed as an important market location, and a shopping area of Paharganj, within shops of cloth merchants coming up around it.

The famous Shri Nand Lal Sharma dhaba was set up here in 1928, over time, his son built a three-storey hotel on spot, and now his grandson manages the Metropolis, known for its rooftop restaurant, which still has many Russian dishes on its menu. "Shiela Cinema" at Paharganj was Delhi's first 70mm screen, second being "Odeon" in Connaught Place. "Imperial" and "Khanna" were other talkies in the area. Gradually, the entire area was catering to the tourism industry, though the grain bazaars of Mughal era were long gone, in early 20th century, Paharganj still had principal markets in Delhi for building materials, cement, timber and steel, but by 1947 they had mostly shifted to other locations in the city, while Paharganj had become primarily a densely populated residential and commercial area, replete with cheap hotels and restaurants for domestic and foreign tourists.

Paharganj witnessed upheavals during the prolonged Indian independence struggle, like during the Quit India Movement of August 1942, the British barracks near Paharganj were attacked and the soldiers' were thrown out, who then sought refuge in an Indian's bungalow, later the Paharganj Post office and five terminal tax posts were also raided by the mob and burnt down.

Hindu Jat and Muslim riots of 1924

During the British Raj, Muslims had built a slaughterhouse closer to the Jhandewalan temple. In May 1924 on the day of Bakri Eid the Muslims of Pahari Dhiraj of Paharganj slaughtered the cow – which is revered by the Hindus as sacred Kamadhenu – in the slaughterhouse closer to the Jhandewala temple. This angered the Hindu Jats of Sadar Bazaar, which led to the riots among the Jats and Muslims from 11 to 18 July, resulting in loss of life and property. Muhammad Ali Jinnah repeatedly requested Mahatma Gandhi and Indian National Congress (INC) to stop the rioting Jats, but Gandhi and INC were unable to control the situation. Riots were eventually stopped by the police.

Post-independence

Subsequently, during the Partition of India in 1947 it again saw extensive rioting, thereafter the area saw a vast influx of Hindu refugees from Pakistan, when several shops and small establishments were allotted to them, since then the area has seen vast development, and seen it the burgeoning marketplace that it is today.

With the arrival of the Hippie movement in the 70s at India's shores, the area became a regular part of the Hippie trail, for hippies, backpackers, and college students looking for budget accommodations near Connaught Place, New Delhi and New Delhi Railway Station. Gradually the hotels and guest houses spread until neighboring Ram Nagar and an area along Deshbandhu Gupta Road. Apart from that Paharganj also has a Chabad House as it is frequented by the large number of Jewish and Israeli tourists, and bakeries like 'German Bakery', named 'Ajay Cafe' 19 years ago.

The area is known for its concentration of affordable hotels, lodges, restaurants, dhabas and a wide variety of shops catering to both domestic travellers and foreign tourists, especially backpackers and low-budget travellers, it has become particularly popular as a haunt for international cuisine. Over the years, Paharganj has become the biggest hotel hub for low-budget foreign tourists in Delhi,

In 2005, during 29 October 2005 Delhi serial bombings, the first blast took place in the main bazaar of Paharganj, during busy shopping period, two days before festival of Diwali.

Ahead of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, a massive Rs. 800 million ($17 million) facelift program for Paharganj was implemented by Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) in 2009, it included 56 roads and lanes in Paharganj, where over 500 hotels and lodges were expecting to host visitors for the games. Some shops were demolished in areas like Main Bazar, Ram Nagar market and Amrit Kaur market, markets were given uniform design, all road was relaid, sidewalks and pavements were also added, to decongest the area by September 2010.

Historic monuments

Paharganj is also home to the historic Qadam Sharif dargah, dedicated to the footprint of Muhammaf, originally built by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, a 14th-century Sultan of Delhi. Qazi Wali Masjid, known for its intricate engravings, and arched doorways. The grave of poet laureate of Mughal court, Zauq, who lived nearby Nabi Karim and died in 1854, lies in the bylanes of Paharganj. It was restored in early 2000s, after the Supreme Court orders, but his house was never identified.

Administration and politics

Today Sadar-Paharganj constitutes one of the 12 administrative zones of Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD).

Paharganj was a Delhi Metropolitan Council segment, within the Chandni Chowk, Lok Sabha constituency, 1966–93. Thereafter it remained the Delhi State Assembly constituency, under Chandni Chowk, Lok Sabha constituency, from 1993 to 2008, Subsequently, following the delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies, in 2008, it became of the New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency.

Tourism

Paharganj has known for its affordable hotels, lodges, and a wide variety of shops especially among backpackers starting from the 1970s. Now newer part of the city, particularly South Delhi is gaining gradual popularity among backpackers.

In popular culture

The tourist culture of Paharganj has been a theme for many films, including Kate Winslet starrer, Holy Smoke! (1999), parts of which were shot when she stayed at a Paharganj hotel, in September 1998. In 2008, parts of the Hindi film, Dev.D (2009) directed by Anurag Kashyap were shot in Paharganj area, depicting the seedy side of hotel industry, from prostitution to drug peddling.

References

Sources

• {{cite book |title=Delhi, development and change|chapter=The Loveable Street Paharganj|author= I. Mohan

References

1. {{usurped. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080225165824/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/06/26/stories/2006062601960200.htm Manali in Paharganj!] ''[[The Hindu]]'', 26 June 2006.
2. [http://www.delhilive.com/page/paharganj-traveler%E2%80%99s-delight-200801112082 Paharganj: A Traveler’s Delight] {{webarchive. link. (13 January 2008 ''www.delhilive.com'', 11 January 2008.)
3. (23 May 2012). "Paharganj: Trap or haven for tourists?".
4. (23 March 2004). "Paharganj: A den of vice?".
5. Service, Tribune News. "Four minor sex workers rescued from Paharganj hotel in raid".
6. (14 September 2011). "Scare after blast: Cartridges found near Paharganj hotel". [[The Times of India]].
7. (28 August 2015). "Backpacker haven Paharganj losing out to safer, hip hostels in south Delhi".
8. ''Drug danger and social behaviour: new challenges'', by Bhim Sain. Sharada Prakashan, 1988. {{ISBN. 81-85320-00-4. p. ''138''.
9. [[#Bl. Blake, p. 57]]
10. Just outside the Ajmeri Gate was the [[custom house]] of the emperor, for collecting taxes.[[#Bl. Blake, p. 117]]
11. [[#Bl. Blake, p. 58]]
12. Great Britain, Parliament. House of Commons. (1859). "House of Commons papers, Volume 18". HMSO.
13. Narayani Gupta. (1981). "Delhi between two empires, 1803–1930: society, government and urban growth". Oxford University Press.
14. [[#Fa. Fanshawe, p. 64]]
15. (1 September 2011). "A tale of two cities". Hindustan Times.
16. [[#Mo. Mohan, p. 109]]
17. P. C. Kapoor. (1960). "Civic affairs, Volume 8, Issues 1–6". Citizen Press.
18. M. Anees Chishti. (2001). "Committees and commissions in pre-independence India 1836–1947, Vol. 4". Mittal Publications.
19. (21 July 2011). "A fine balance of luxury and care". [[Hindustan Times]].
20. (2011). "100 years of Dilli Khana". [[Business Line]].
21. (14 September 2011). "The famous four". Hindustan Times.
22. [[#Mo. Mohan, p. 107]]
23. Viswambhar Nath. (2007). "Urbanization, urban development, and metropolitan cities in India". Concept Publishing Company.
24. A. Moin Zaidi. (1973). "The way out to freedom: an inquiry into the Quit India Movement conducted by participants". Orientalia (India).
25. Pran Nath Chopra. (1986). "Quit India Movement: British secret documents, Vol. 1". Interprint.
26. Biresh Chaudhuri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vS4qDwAAQBAJ&dq=Jhandewalan+Temple&pg=PA78 Nationalist Movement In Delhi 1911–1932], Page 78.
27. Mushirul Hasan. (1997). "Legacy of a divided nation: India's Muslims since independence". C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
28. This legacy which continues even today, with its streams of budget hotels, cafes and restaurants, specializing in [[global cuisines]], and hordes of [[cybercafe]]s.[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990430/ige30126.html Paharganj turns Delhi's Cyberia, businessmen find fortune on Net] ''[[The Indian Express]]'', 30 April 1999.
29. (17 February 2010). "City's own German Bakery and Chabad House given security cover". [[The Times of India]].
30. street]] and working children, established in 1988. The trust has run the [[Salaam Baalak City Walk - New Delhi]], a guided tour through Paharganj and New Delhi Railway Station area. The guides are former street children from the trust. The walk aims to sensitize about street life, street children and Indian society problems. During the walk, the guides share their personal story of survival with the participants and show them the contact points and shelter homes SBT provides.[http://www.sawf.org/newedit/edit05222006/index.asp Indian Street Kids Offer Glimpse Into Their Lives With Guided Tours] {{webarchive. link. (18 January 2012 ''South Asian Women's Forum'', 22 May 2006.)
31. [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2007/04/06/stories/2007040600050100.htm Runaway guides] {{Webarchive. link. (16 June 2010 ''[[The Hindu]]'', ''Businessline'', 6 April 2007.)
32. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070603084605/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070312/asp/nation/story_7505005.asp Discover a Delhi underbelly you never knew, through the eyes of child guides] ''[[The Telegraph (Kolkata). The Telegraph]]'', 12 March 2007.
33. (9 September 2011). "CCTVs: Capital's blind eyes". Hindustan Times.
34. (23 October 2009). "Paharganj in for a spruce-up". [[The Hindu]].
35. (22 September 2010). "New-look Paharganj ready for Games visitors".
36. (19 September 2011). "Aurangzeb and the thieves". [[The Hindu]].
37. James L. Wescoat. (1996). "Mughal gardens: sources, places, representations, and prospects". Dumbarton Oaks.
38. "Qazi Wali Masjid in Paharganj", ''[[The Hindu]]'', 1 May 2003.
39. (15 March 2009). "In the lanes of Zauq and Ghalib". [[The Indian Express]].
40. [http://www.mcdonline.gov.in/mcd/zones.html Zones] {{webarchive. link. (9 January 2009 [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]].)
41. "List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies, General Election to the Lok Sabha, 2004". Government of Delhi website.
42. "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008". The Election Commission of India.
43. (23 September 1998 }}{{dead link). "Titanic Rose fails to bloom in Paharganj". The Indian Express.
44. [http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200812100932.htm 'Dev D' is not like Sudhir Mishra's 'Aur Devdas'] [[The Hindu]], Wednesday, 10 December 2008.