Padina pavonica

Description

Padina pavonica is a distinctive small brown alga growing to a diameter of up to 10 cm. Young fronds are thin, leafy and flat, with entire margins. Older fronds are thicker, concave, fan-shaped or funnel-shaped, with lobed margins. The outer (under) surface has concentric rows of small, fine hairs and is banded with zones of olive green, pale and dark brown, while the inner (upper) surface is covered with a thin layer of slime. Both sides are thinly calcified and the margins tend to curl inwards. The blades are attached by a holdfast which may be matted.

Distribution and habitat

This seaweed has a wide distribution in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The British Isles is its most northerly limit in the Atlantic Ocean, and it occurs on the south coast of Ireland, in Pembrokeshire and on the south coast of England. It grows in pools in the littoral zone and in the shallow infralittoral zone. It typically grows where there are sandy, clayey or silty sediments in pools beneath receding mudstone and sandstone cliffs.

Ecology

The life cycle of this seaweed includes sexual reproduction and spore-producing asexual reproduction. In Britain the fronds die back in winter and the rhizoids resprout in the early summer, producing new fronds. After about twenty days these are mature, 20 mm long or more, and produce tetraspores in concentric rings a millimetre or so wide. By the time the frond reaches a length of 50 mm it will have produced six to twelve generations of tetraspores. In Britain, plants seem to reproduce entirely asexually but in other parts of the seaweed's range, plants can be either male or female and produce gametophytes which release gametes into the sea.

Human Uses

Extracts of this seaweed have been found to have anticarcinogenic and cytotoxic activity. For example, an organic extract shows toxicity to the oral epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB with a minimal infective dose of 6.5 μg/ml.

References

References

1. Guiry, Michael D.. (2015). "''Padina pavonica'' (Linnaeus) Thivy, 1960".
2. "MCZ Peacock's Tail". [[Joint Nature Conservation Committee]].
3. "Peacocks tail (''Padina pavonica'')". Marine Life Information Network.
4. (2019). "''Elbamycellarosea'' gen. et sp. nov. (''Juncigenaceae'', Torpedosporales) isolated from the Mediterranean Sea". MycoKeys.
5. (2018). "Biology and Ecology of Pharmaceutical Marine Plants". CRC Press.
6. (2012). "Aromatic Hydrocarbons—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition". Scholarly Editions.