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P53 p63 p73 family

Family of tumor suppressor genes

Family of tumor suppressor genes

The p53 p63 p73 family is a family of tumor suppressor genes.

This gene family encodes the proteins:

  • p53 (encoded by the human TP53 gene)
  • p63 (encoded by the human TP63 gene)
  • p73 (encoded by the human TP73 gene)

They are sometimes considered part of a "p53 family." When overexpressed, these proteins are known to be involved in tumor pathogenesis.

Evolution

p53, p63, and p73 have similar features in their gene structures and functions but have also diverged evolutionarily. The p53 family evolved from an ancestor gene in unicellular life. The ancestor gene functioned in germ line DNA protection early invertebrates. In invertebrates, the ancestor gene resembled p63/p73 as it contained the sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. p53 diverged from p63/p73 with a gene duplication in the cartilaginous fish. p63 and p73 differentiated from each other in bony fish. In vertebrates, p53 began the role of protecting the somatic cells and acting as a tumor suppressor.

References

References

  1. (May 2000). "The p53/p63/p73 family of transcription factors: overlapping and distinct functions". Journal of Cell Science.
  2. (2007). "The biology of human longevity: inflammation, nutrition, and aging in the evolution of lifespans". Academic Press.
  3. (August 2008). "Differential expression of two new members of the p53 family, p63 and p73, in extramammary Paget's disease". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology.
  4. (December 2007). "Early diversification and complex evolutionary history of the p53 tumor suppressor gene family". Development Genes and Evolution.
  5. (September 2007). "The p53 tumor suppressor-like protein nvp63 mediates selective germ cell death in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis". PLOS ONE.
  6. (July 2010). "Phylogeny and function of the invertebrate p53 superfamily". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology.
  7. (June 2010). "The origins and evolution of the p53 family of genes". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology.
  8. (August 2020). "p53: 800 million years of evolution and 40 years of discovery". Nature Reviews. Cancer.
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