Surf Wiki
Save to docs
history

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina

none

Summary

none

The Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a process that started roughly in 1386, when the first Ottoman attacks on the Kingdom of Bosnia took place. In 1451, more than 65 years after its initial attacks, the Ottoman Empire officially established the Bosansko Krajište (Bosnian Frontier), an interim borderland military administrative unit, an Ottoman frontier, in parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1463, the Kingdom fell to the Ottomans, and this territory came under its firm control. Herzegovina gradually fell to the Ottomans by 1482. It took another century for the western parts of today's Bosnia to succumb to Ottoman attacks, ending with the capture of Bihać in 1592.

Origins and etymology

The entire territory that is today known as Bosnia and Herzegovina took the Ottoman Empire several decades to conquer.

Military units of the Ottoman Empire made many raids into feudal principalities in the western Balkans at the end of the 14th century, some of them into territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina, long before the conquest of the Bosnian Kingdom. The first Ottoman raids led by Timurtash-Pasha happened in the eastern parts of Bosnia in 1384.{{cite web |author-link = Mehmed Handžić |access-date = 2010-12-29 |archive-date = 2011-06-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110623080509/http://www.bosnjacki-topraci.com/ISLAM%20NA%20BALKANU.htm |url-status = dead It soon won important victories against the regional feudal lords in the Battle of Marica (1371) and Battle of Kosovo (1389).

In 1392 the Ottomans established the Skopsko Krajište after the capture of Skopje, the capital of the Serbian Empire between 1346-1371; the term krajište (крајиште) had originally served as an administrative unit of the Serbian Empire or Despotate to designate border regions where the emperor or despot had not established solid and firm control due to raids from hostile neighboring provinces. The militarized territories that later named Bosansko Krajište (lit. Bosnian Frontierland) were governed by the same Ottoman administration, based in Skopje.

War with the Bosnian Kingdom

After the death of King Tvrtko I in 1391, the Bosnian Kingdom went into decline. In the 1410s, local noblemen Hrvoje Vukčić of the House of Hrvatinić, Sandalj Hranić of the House of Kosača and Pavle Radenović of the House of Pavlović controlled large swaths of territory once controlled by Tvrtko, and effectively controlled the Kingdom by aligning themselves with competing branches of the House of Kotromanić. In 1413, a conflict escalated between Hrvoje and Sandalj while the latter was helping Stefan Lazarević fight the Ottomans in Serbia; subsequently, Hrvoje allied himself with the Ottomans, who invaded Bosnia in May 1414, which prompted a subsequent invasion by the troops of the Kingdom of Hungary. In a major battle in August 1415 that took place either near Doboj or in the Lašva Valley, the Ottomans won a major victory, upsetting the balance of power in the region.

The first permanent presence of Ottoman armies in Bosnia was established in 1414, after the region near Donji Vakuf (known as Bosnian Skoplje in medieval times) was captured. In period between 1414 and 1418, the Ottoman Empire conquered Foča, Pljevlja, Čajniče and Nevesinje. During the same year Višegrad and Sokol were captured too.

In 1415, Sandalj Hranić, who controlled today's eastern Herzegovina, became an Ottoman vassal.

Isa-Beg Isaković organized in 1455 one of the first Ottoman censuses in the western Balkans.

By the end of this period, in the 1460s, the territory of the Kingdom of Bosnia was significantly reduced, with the Ottoman Empire controlling the entirety of today's eastern Bosnia, as far north as Šamac, and Herceg Stjepan under control of all of today's Herzegovina as far north as Glamoč.

Sanjaks

The Ottoman conquest of the Kingdom of Bosnia ended in 1463 with the death of King Stjepan Tomašević. The Siege of Jajce ensued shortly thereafter in which the Kingdom of Hungary retook the Jajce Fortress. The victory was hailed at Matthias Corvinus's court as a restoration of the Kingdom of Bosnia, then under Hungarian sovereignty. The Hungarians formed the Banate of Jajce after that.

Isa-beg became the first sanjakbey of the Bosnian Sanjak in 1464.

After taking the Kingdom of Bosnia in 1463, Mahmud Pasha also invaded Herzegovina and besieged Blagaj after which Herceg Stjepan conceded a truce that required ceding all of his lands north of Blagaj to the Ottomans.

The Ottoman territory in Bosnia continued to be expanded into newly-established sanjaks: the Sanjak of Herzegovina was formed in the 1470, subordinated to the beglerbey of Rumelia like the Bosnian sanjak. In 1480, the Sanjak of Zvornik was formed but subordinated to the Beglerbey of Budim.

Even though the Bosnian Kingdom fell, there were several fortresses that resisted much longer – the last fortress in Herzegovina fell in 1481.{{cite book | access-date = 2012-05-06 | orig-date = 1993

In 1481, after the death of Mehmed II, Matthias Corvinus invaded Bosnia again and reached Vrhbosna (Sarajevo), but all of those gains were undone within a year.

In the 1530s, the Kingdom of Hungary had remained in control of the forts on the south bank of the Sava and Jajce. Jajce Fortress was finally taken by the Ottomans in 1527.

The House of Berislavić controlled the region of Usora in the north until it in turn succumbed in the 1530s.

Parts of southwestern Bosnia were sectioned into the Sanjak of Klis, which was formed in 1537 subordinated to the Eyalet of Rumelia.

Aftermath

The Eyalet of Bosnia was established in 1580.

In 1592 with the fall of Bihać it reached the westernmost frontiers of what is modern Bosnia, and the modern western border of Bosnia was established. After that the territory of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina remained largely undisturbed under Ottoman rule until 1689 and the Great Turkish War.

References

References

  1. [[#Ibrahimagić. Ibrahimagić, 1998, p. 77]] ''More than 50 years passed between the first Ottoman attack and the establishment of "Bosansko krajište" as an interim form of military and territorial organisation of Ottoman rule in Bosnia (1451)(22). [...] 22. Šabanović, Bosanski pašaluk, str. 35.''
  2. Evliya Çelebi. (1967). "Putopis - Kulturno nasljeđe". Svjetlost.
  3. John Van Antwerp Fine. (1994). "The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest". University of Michigan Press.
  4. Safvet-beg Bašagić. (1900). "Kratka uputa u prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine, od g. 1463-1850". Vlastita naklada.
  5. {{Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
  6. "Isa-beg".
  7. Safvet-beg Bašagić. (1900). "Kratka uputa u prošlost Bosne i Hercegovine, od g. 1463-1850". Vlastita naklada.
  8. John Van Antwerp Fine. (1994). "The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest". University of Michigan Press.
  9. Pavo Živković. (May 2007). "Usora i Soli u prva dva stoljeća turske prevlasti". Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek.
  10. [[#Ibrahimagić. Ibrahimagić, 1998, p. 77]] ''And 117 years passed from the fall of Bosnia in 1463, when the first sanjak was established as the first independent form of military, administrative and political form of organisation of Ottoman rule in Bosnia, until the establishment of the Bosnian beglerbegluk or ayalet [province] as a separate province of the Ottoman Empire in 1580.''
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

ottoman-period-in-the-history-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina islam-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina invasions-by-the-ottoman-empire-in-europe military-history-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina 14th-century-conflicts 15th-century-conflicts 16th-century-conflicts 14th-century-in-bosnia 15th-century-in-bosnia 16th-century-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina 14th-century-in-the-ottoman-empire 15th-century-in-the-ottoman-empire 16th-century-in-the-ottoman-empire wars-involving-medieval-bosnian-state wars-involving-the-ottoman-empire 1380s-in-the-ottoman-empire medieval-herzegovina wars-involving-bosnia-and-herzegovina-during-ottoman-period battles-of-mehmed-ii
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report