Ortona

History

The origins of Ortona are uncertain. Presumably, it was first inhabited by the Frentani, an Italic population. In 2005, during works near the Castle, a Bronze Age settlement was discovered, and the Roman town largely coincided with this first settlement. Some sections of paved roads and urban walls, as well as some archaeological findings are the only remains of this period. Ortona remained a part of the Eastern Roman Empire (later Byzantine Empire) for several centuries, before it was annexed by the Kingdom of the Lombards. In 803, the Franks incorporated Ortona into the county of Chieti. From that date on, the town remained tied to Chieti and its territory.

In 1258, the relics of the Apostle Thomas were brought to Ortona by the sailor Leone Acciaiuoli. In 1302 the Croatian lord George Šubić raided Ortona and extracted tribute from its denizens. In the first half of the 15th century, its walls were built, and during this period Ortona fought with the nearby town of Lanciano in a fierce war that ended in 1427. On June 30, 1447, ships from Venice destroyed the port of Ortona; consequently the King of Sicily at that time commissioned the construction of a Castle to dominate the renovated port. In 1582, the town was acquired by Margaret of Parma, daughter of Emperor Charles V and Duchess of Parma. In 1584 Margaret decided to build a great mansion (known as Palazzo Farnese), which was never completed due to her death.

After the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, Ortona became one of the first sea resorts on the Adriatic Sea. On 9 September 1943, the royal family of the House of Savoy left German-occupied Italy from the port of Ortona. The defensive Gustav Line was established by the Germans at Ortona (extending towards Cassino on the opposite side of Italy). Ortona offered the Allies a supply port on the Adriatic and was fiercely defended by the Germans. The struggle between the German paratroopers and the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade attracted the attention of the international press, leading the Battle of Ortona to be known as "Little Stalingrad."

Transport

Ortona is served from Port of Ortona, an important port of Adriatic Sea.

Main sights

• Cathedral of San Tommaso (relics of saint Thomas the Apostle)
• Cathedral Museum
• Church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli
• Church of Santa Caterina d'Alessandria
• Lighthouse
• Medieval Aragona Castle
• Museum of Ortona battle
• Moro River Canadian War Cemetery
• Trabucchi (fishing machines) on sea

Ortona is home of several beaches that appeal to tourists and one historical museum based on the battle of Ortona. The Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park is not far either.

Twin towns and sister cities

Ortona is twinned with:

• ITA Cassino, Italy, since 1991
• RUS Volgograd, Russia, since 2013
• CRO Metković, Croatia, since 2016

People

• The composer Francesco Paolo Tosti was born in Ortona.
• The pornstar Rocco Siffredi was born in Ortona.

Climate

|Jan record high C = 23.3 |Feb record high C = 23.8 |Mar record high C = 27.8 |Apr record high C = 25.2 |May record high C = 33.3 |Jun record high C = 34.5 |Jul record high C = 39.2 |Aug record high C = 39.2 |Sep record high C = 34.0 |Oct record high C = 30.5 |Nov record high C = 29.0 |Dec record high C = 23.7 |Jan record low C = -5.5 |Feb record low C = -1.5 |Mar record low C = -3.0 |Apr record low C = 2.8 |May record low C = 7.5 |Jun record low C = 8.5 |Jul record low C = 14.4 |Aug record low C = 11.3 |Sep record low C = 10.0 |Oct record low C = 4.0 |Nov record low C = 0.4 |Dec record low C = -2.0 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240630102234/https://www.regione.abruzzo.it/system/files/agricoltura/agrometereologia/VALORI_MEDI_CLIMATICI_NELLA_REGIONE_ABRUZZO.pdf | archive-date = 30 June 2024 | access-date = 30 June 2024}}

References

Sources

References

1. "Abruzzo Region".
2. "Warfare History Network » The Battle of Ortona: Italy's Stalingrad".
3. "Ortona, Italy is a coastal town with an impressive Argonese castle".
4. Giusto, Pino. "Le tappe della traslazione dall'India ad Ortona".
5. "Archived copy".
6. "Francesco Paolo Tosti {{!}}".
7. "Rocco Siffredi".