Order of the Sacred Treasure

Classes

Before 2003, the Order could be awarded in any of eight classes. In 2003 the seventh and eighth classes were dissolved, leaving six. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:

"By the grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the throne occupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial,

We confer the Second Class of the Imperial Order of Meiji upon Henry Waters Taft, a citizen of the United States of America and a director of the Japan Society of New York, and invest him with the insignia of the same class of the Order of the Double Rays of the Rising Sun, in expression of the good will which we entertain towards him.

"In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and caused the Grand Seal of State to be affixed at the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, this thirteenth day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Shōwa, corresponding to the 2,589th year from the accession to the throne of Emperor Jimmu."

Insignia

The insignia of the order incorporates symbols for the three imperial treasures: the Yata Mirror, so sacred that not even the Emperor is allowed to look at it; the Yasakani Jewel, which is made of the finest jade; and the Emperor's personal sword.

The star for the Grand Cordon and Second Class is similar to the badge as described above, but effectively with two sets of Maltese crosses, one in gilt and one placed diagonally in silver. It is worn on the left chest by the Grand Cordon, on the right chest (without any other insignia) by the 2nd class.

The badge for the first through sixth classes is a Maltese cross, in gilt (1st–4th classes), gilt and silver (5th class) and silver (6th class), with white enameled rays (representing the sword). The central disc is blue, bearing an eight-pointed silver star (representing the mirror), surrounded by a wreath with red-enameled dots (representing the jewel). The badge is suspended on a ribbon, worn as a sash on the right shoulder by the Grand Cordon, as a necklet by males of the 2nd and 3rd classes, on the left chest (the ribbon folded into a triangle) by the 4th to 6th classes (with a rosette for the 4th class). For females of the 2nd to 6th classes, the ribbon is a bow worn on the left shoulder (with a rosette for the 4th class).

Until 2003, when it was abolished, the badge of the seventh and eighth classes was an eight-pointed silver medal, partially gilded for the 7th class, with representations of just the mirror and the jewel. The badge is suspended on a ribbon, worn by men on the left chest (the ribbon folded into a triangle). For women, the ribbon is a bow worn on the left shoulder.

Until 2003, the ribbon of the order was very pale blue with a gold stripe near the borders; since then the ribbon has been light blue, but retains the gold stripe near the borders. When the ribbon is worn alone, the ribbon for the Fourth Class and above incorporates a blue-and-gold rosette (very pale blue until 2003), with a solid gold bar for the Grand Cordon, a gold and silver bar for the Second Class, a solid silver bar for the Third Class and only the rosette for the Fourth Class. The ribbon for the Fifth and Sixth Classes has a centered blue disc (very pale blue until 2003) with gold rays radiating from its center, eight rays for the Fifth Class and six rays for the Sixth Class. Formerly, the ribbon for the Seventh and Eighth Classes had a centered very pale blue disc with gold rays radiating from its center, four rays for the Seventh Class and three rays for the Eighth Class.

File:Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure.png|Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class) File:The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star.png|The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star (2nd class) File:The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon.png|The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (3rd class) File:The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Rosette.png|The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Rosette (4th class) File:The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Rays.png|The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Rays (5th class) File:The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Silver Rays.png|The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Silver Rays (6th class) File:MET 06 442ab F.jpeg|7th Class (Abolished in 2003) File:MET 06 441ab F.jpeg|8th Class (Abolished in 2003)

After the 2003 reform

In 2003 the lowest two classes of the Order were abolished. Moreover, the badges of the Order will from now on be suspended from three white-enamelled paulownia leaves.

Selected recipients

1st class, Grand Cordon

• Radit Punya TG
• Lt Gen Sir Edward Altham Altham, awarded 1918
• Sir Charles Alexander Anderson, awarded 1921
• James Burrill Angell, awarded 1909
• Isoroku Yamamoto, awarded 1939
• Lt Gen Alamsyah Ratu Perwiranegara, awarded 1988
• Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, awarded 1981
• Emilio Álvarez Montalván, awarded 2002
• Gen Mohammad Jusuf, awarded 1996
• Daniel Boorstin, awarded 1986
• Avery Brundage awarded 1964
• Ali Wardhana, awarded 1988
• George Champion, awarded 1969
• Cho Tong-yun on 21 April 1905
• Sir Hugh Cortazzi, awarded 1995
• Radius Prawiro, awarded 1994
• General Sir John Stephen Cowans, awarded 1918
• Takuma Dan, awarded 1932
• Mohammad Sadli, awarded 1987
• Henry Willard Denison
• Milton Friedman, awarded 1986
• Admiral Albert Gleaves, awarded 1920
• Stephen Gomersall awarded 2015
• Mark Hatfield, awarded 2003
• Chushiro Hayashi, awarded 1994
• Daniel Hays, awarded 2000
• Lt Gen Sir David Henderson, 1918
• James McNaughton Hester, awarded 1981
• Masaru Ibuka (1908–1997) awarded 1978
• Lt Gen Sir Launcelot Edward Kiggell, 1918
• General Sir Cecil Frederick Nevil Macready, 1918
• Baron Matsuoka Yasutake, 1902
• Yosuke Matsuoka, 1935
• Umezawa Michiharu, awarded 1914
• Kōkichi Mikimoto, awarded 1954
• Charles C. Moore, president of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, awarded 1916
• Akio Morita, awarded 1991
• General Sir Archibald James Murray, 1918
• Lt Gen Sir James Wolfe Murray, 1918
• Nakamura Utaemon VI, awarded 1996
• Norio Ohga, awarded 2001
• Henry Francis Oliver (1865–1965), awarded 1917
• Radhabinod Pal, awarded 1966
• Peter Parker, awarded 1991
• Samuel Kamuela Parker (1853–1920), awarded 1892
• Nancy Pelosi awarded 2015
• Sir Julian Ridsdale (1915–2004), awarded 1967 and 1990
• Edmund Leopold de Rothschild, awarded 1973
• Eishiro Saito, awarded 1982
• Saisho Atsushi, awarded 1903
• General Sir Henry Crichton Sclater, 1918
• Princess Soamsawali of Thailand
• Shinji Sogo, 'Father of the Bullet Train', awarded 1965
• Kiyoshi Sumiya, awarded 1998
• Shoichiro Toyoda, awarded 1995
• Hugh Trenchard, awarded 1921
• Prof. Pieter van Vollenhoven
• Maj. Gen. Aung San, awarded August 1943

2nd class, Gold and Silver Star

• Hirotugu Akaike, awarded 2006
• Momofuku Ando (1910–2007), awarded in 1982
• Herbert W. Armstrong (1892–1986)
• Hans Hermann Baerwald, awarded 1989
• Thomas Baty (1869–1954), awarded 1936
• James Molesworth Blair awarded 1921
• Mary Griggs Burke (1916–2012), awarded 1987
• Pierre Cardin (1922–2020)
• Verner W Clapp (1901-1972), awarded 1968 "He was decorated with the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star (Kun-Nito Zuihosho) by the government of Japan, which became one of his most cherished honors among many professional awards
• Samuel Mills Damon (1845–1924), awarded 1892
• W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993), awarded 1960
• Tomio Fukuoka (2008)
• James Harold Elmsley (1859–1921)
• Bonner Fellers, awarded 1971
• Ted Fujita (1920–1998)
• Fr. Hermann Heuvers S.J., awarded 1969
• Yoshimasa Hirata (1915–2000), awarded 1987
• William G. Irwin (1843–1914), awarded 1892
• Kaoru Ishikawa (1915–1989)
• Joseph M. Juran (1904–2008) awarded 1981
• Yuet Keung Kan (1913–2012), awarded 1983
• Masaki Kashiwara (born 1947), awarded 2020.
• Shahin Lauritzen, awarded 1999
• Bernard Leach (1887–1979), awarded 1966
• Mike Masaoka 1983
• Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, awarded in 1911
• Nahoko Takada
• Edward S. Morse (1838–1925), awarded in 1922
• Paul Neumann (Attorney General) (1839–1901), awarded 1892
• Richard W. Pound, awarded 1998
• Johannis de Rijke, awarded 1903
• Sakıp Sabancı (1933–2004), awarded 1992
• Jacob Schiff (1847–1920), awarded 1905
• Charles Nichols Spencer (1837–1893), awarded 1892
• Henry W. Taft (1859–1945)
• Ichimatsu Tanaka (1895–1983)
• Akira Toriyama (1898–1994), awarded 1971
• Wilfred Chomatsu Tsukiyama (1897–1966), awarded in 1963.
• Guy Tripp (1865–1927), awarded 1924
• John Alexander Low Waddell (1854–1938), awarded 1922
• John Smith Walker (1826–1893), awarded 1892
• Langdon Warner (1881–1955), awarded 1955
• William Austin Whiting (1855–1908), awarded 1892
• Merriman Colbert Harris (1846–1921), awarded 1916
• Hermann Adam Widemann (1822–1899), awarded 1892
• Eugene P. Wilkinson

3rd class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon

• William DeWitt Alexander (1833–1913), awarded 1892
• John Batchelor D.D., OBE (1855–1944) Archdeacon of an Anglican Communion in Hokkaido awarded in 1933
• Khalid Jerjes, awarded 2017, Consulting Lawyer of the Embassy of Japan in Iraq
• The Rev. Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016), awarded 2007
• Frank Shozo Baba (1915–2008)
• Gheorghe Bagulescu (1886–1963)
• John Tamatoa Baker (1852–1921), awarded 1892
• Robert Hoapili Baker (c 1845/1847-1900), awarded 1892
• Thomas Baty (1869–1954), awarded 1920
• Henry Franz Bertelmann (1859–1921), awarded 1892
• Captain John P. Brockley USN (born 1942), awarded 1990 Commanding Officer NAF Atsugi
• Delmer Myers Brown (1909–2011), awarded 1997
• George Bull (1929–2001)
• Clark Burdick (1868–1948), awarded 1918
• Joseph Oliver Carter (1835–1909), awarded 1892
• Edoardo Chiossone (1833–98) 1891
• William Henry Cornwell (1843–1903), awarded 1892
• Dettmar Cramer (1925–2015), awarded September 1971
• Charles F. Creighton (1862–1907), awarded 1892
• Captain John Wallace Curtin Sr. USN (born 1944) awarded August 1994 Commanding Officer NAF Atsugi
• William B. Dazey(1915–2002), awarded 1961
• Sir Frank Gill (1866–1950) awarded 1930
• Robert Günther, awarded 1929
• Günther Gumprich
• Eleanor Hadley (1916–2007), awarded 1986
• John Adair Hassinger (1837–1902), awarded 1892
• Frank P Hastings, Major, USS Mohican, awarded 1892
• Captain Arthur Hawkins (USN)
• Col. William F. Hebert (1928–2008), awarded 1970
• Col. Vernon J Henderson (USAF) (1922–2008), awarded 1970
• Samuel Hill, 1922
• John Dominis Holt II (1861–1916), awarded 1892
• Frederick J. Horne, awarded 1919
• Akira Ifukube (1914–2006)
• Pieter Philippus Jansen (1902–1982), awarded 11 September 1964
• Paul P. Kanoa (1832–1895), awarded 1892
• Professor Iwane Kimura (1932–2019), Kyoto University, awarded 2012,
• Miles Wedderburn Lampson (1880–1964), awarded 1932
• Trevor Leggett (1914–2000)
• Masao Maruyama (1914–1996), awarded 1976
• Genzō Murakami, awarded 1981
• Toshiro Mifune, awarded 1993
• Tetsuya Noda, awarded 2015
• Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988), awarded 1988
• Thomas Noguchi, awarded 1999
• Samuel Nowlein (–1905), awarded 1892
• Keiko Ozato, awarded 2012
• Arthur Porter Peterson (1858–1895), awarded 1892
• Franklin Seaver Pratt (1829–1894), awarded 1892
• John Curtis Perry, awarded 1991.
• Captain Timothy Edwin Prendergast USN (born 1949) awarded August 1997 Commander Fleet Air, Western Pacific
• Leonard Pronko, awarded 1986
• John Keone Likikine Richardson (1853–1917), Private Attorney for Queen Liliuokalani, awarded 1892
• James William Robertson (1852–1919), awarded 1892
• Eric Gascoigne Robinson (1882–1965)
• Paul Rusch (1897–1979), awarded 1956
• Eiji Sasaki (1915–2007), awarded 29 April 1998
• Munetsugu Satomi (1904–1996), Graphic Designer, awarded December 1974
• William Schull, awarded 1992.
• Tadahiro Sekimoto (1926–2007)
• Captain Claude B Shaw USN (1918–2012), awarded May 1972 Commanding Officer Fleet Activities Sasebo
• Hiroko Sho, awarded 2006
• William James Smith (1839–1906), awarded 1892
• Sugino Yoshiko, awarded 1978
• Akira Suzuki, awarded 2005
• Col. Fred Grant Swafford (1924–1996), awarded 1972
• Osamu Tezuka (1928–1989), awarded 1989
• Herbert Cyril Thacker (1870–1953)
• Admiral Richmond K. Turner, USN, awarded after WWII
• Takeo Uesugi, awarded 2010
• Masanobu Tsuji (1902–1961), awarded 1942
• Bunei Tsunoda (1913–2008)
• Charles E. Tuttle (1915–1993), awarded 1983
• Elizabeth Gray Vining (1902–1999), awarded 1950
• Gordon Warner (1913–2010), awarded 2001
• The Rt Rev Herbert Welch (1862–1969), awarded 1928
• Charles Burnett Wilson (1850–1926), awarded 1892
• Arthur Young (1907–1979)
• Isamu Sando, MD (1928-2014), awarded 2007.

4th class, Gold Rays with Rosette

• Mildred Ruth Brown, awarded 1988
• Chōshin Chibana, awarded 1968
• Charlotte Burgis DeForest (1879–1973), awarded 1950
• Verne Dallas Dusenbery (1885-1978), awarded 1968
• Ralph D. Dwyer, Jr., awarded 1973
• Keiko Fukuda, awarded 1990
• Masaru Funai, awarded 2001
• The Rev. Jean-Baptist Gaschy (1875–1955), awarded 1954
• John Gillett, awarded 1994
• Beate Sirota Gordon, awarded 1998
• Edbert Ansgar Hewett (1860–1915), awarded 1901
• Noriko Kamakura, awarded 2022
• Herbert Keppler, awarded 2002
• Helmut Laumer, awarded 2002
• Yukiko Maki (1902–1989), awarded 1976
• Thomas Masuda (1906–1986)
• Rofū Miki (1889–1964), awarded 1965
• Hidetaka Nishiyama, 2000, awarded 2000
• Akira Sakima (1918–2007), awarded 2000
• Agnes Mitsue Niyekawa (1924–2012), awarded 1998
• Junnosuke Ofusa (1908–1994), awarded 1982
• Richard Ponsonby-Fane (1878–1937), awarded 1921
• Oskar Ritter und Edler von Xylander
• Thomas Tozaburo Sashihara (1900–1974), awarded 15 December 1970
• Shozo Sato, awarded 2004
• Floyd Schmoe, awarded 1988
• Serizawa Keisuke (1895–1984)
• Ir Sukarno (1901–1970)
• Masao Takahashi, awarded 2002
• Wray Taylor (1853–1910), awarded 1892
• Andrew Tsubaki (1931–2009), awarded 2007
• Ichirō Tominaga (1925–2021), awarded 1998
• The Rev. Walter Weston, awarded 1937
• Ayako Hosomi, awarded 1981

5th class, Gold and Silver Rays

• Janak Jeevantha Bandaranayake, awarded in 2020
• Alfred M Burke, awarded 2012
• On Chuil, member of the suite of the Korean Crown Prince, awarded 1908
• Hester Ferreira, awarded 1997
• Mabel Francis (1880–1975), awarded 1962
• Kumaji Furuya (1899–1977), awarded 1968
• George Edward Luckman Gauntlett (1868–1956)
• Capt. W.W. Greene, awarded before March 1908
• Seikan Higa, awarded 1968
• Friedrich Hirzebruch, awarded 1996
• Fujitaro Kubota (1879–1973), awarded 1973
• Thomas Masuda (1906–1986)
• John Mittwer (1907–1996), awarded 1977
• Chiura Obata (1885–1975), awarded 1965
• Azalia Emma Peet (1887–1973), awarded 1953
• Yi Pomik, member of the suite of the Korean Crown Prince, awarded 1908
• Miki Saito, Japanese Consul General to Hawaii, awarded bef Nov 1905
• Yoshio Senda, Hon. LL.D. (1922–2009), awarded 2008
• Chiune Sugihara (1900–1986), awarded 1944
• Yoshio Tamiya (1905–1988), awarded 1976
• Tetsuo Toyama, awarded 1968
• Tomio Fukuoka, awarded 2008
• Jungo Takita (1896–1957), awarded in Nasu on Aug. 14th 1957
• Yap Bee Hoon, awarded 2024
• Brian Francis Swords, awarded 2024

6th class, Silver Rays

• Riichi Shibano, Certified on May 15, 1970
• Capt. Philip Going, approx 1905
• Eijiro Iwamura, 1975
• Chinyei Kinjo, 1968
• Chozaburo Kusumoto, 1906
• Mary Cornwall Legh (1857–1941), awarded 1939
• Capt. Mitsuo Matsumoto (Japanese: 松元三男), (1919-2004), officer of the Japanese Imperial Army, awarded 1944
• Hannah Riddell, (1855–1932) awarded 1924
• Ted Tsukiyama (1920–2019) awarded 2001
• His Majesty Ariki Tuheitia of New Zealand, awarded 2015
• Ko Wichun, member of the suite of the Korean Crown Prince, awarded 1908

7th class: abolished

While established with the original induction of the first six classes, the 7th Class has never been issued or given an official designation or design. Officially the medal and its designation were abolished in 2003; there are no known recipients or issuances of this medal in its original design, since 1887.

8th class: abolished

While established with the original induction of the first six classes, the 8th Class has never been issued or designated a design, like the 7th Class before it. Officially the medal and its designation were abolished in 2003; there are no known recipients or issuances of this medal in its original design since 1887.

General Class

• Jackson Bailey, awarded 1988
• Carmen Blacker (1924–2009)
• Faubion Bowers
• Ernesto Burzagli (1873–1944), awarded 1906
• Winfield Scott Chaplin (1847–1918), awarded 1882
• George Ramsay Cook, awarded 1994
• David Culver
• Dorothy DeLay
• Mamadou Diarra, awarded 1988 (Order with sunburst)
• Robert Lawrence Eichelberger
• Yoshikawa Eiji, awarded 1962
• Anton GeesinkL'Harmattan web site ; accessed 2 July 2014
• John Whitney Hall
• Heinrich Hertz
• Marcel Junod, awarded 1961
• Takahira Kogoro (1854–1926)
• Kume Kunitake, awarded 1889
• Tokubei Kuroda (1886–1987), awarded 1939
• Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, awarded 2003
• Toshirō Mifune, awarded 1993 (Order with gold ribbon)
• Lawrence Olson, awarded 1987
• Fusakichi Omori, awarded 1928
• Jean-Jacques Origas, awarded 1998
• John Roderick, awarded 1985
• Renato Ruggiero
• Jack Seward, awarded 1986
• Edmund Charles Wyldbore Smith (1877–1938)
• Kenjiro Takayanagi, awarded 1989
• Tomoyuki Tanaka, awarded 1981
• Eiji Tsuburaya, awarded 1970
• Yosh Uchida, awarded 1986.
• Morihei Ueshiba (1883–1969)
• J.R. Wasson (1855–1913), awarded 1874

Gallery

File:Order of the Sacred Treasure, Third Class, (Japan decoration) - medal closeup.JPG|Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 3) File:Orders of the Sacred Treasure class5.JPG|Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 5) File:Orders of the Sacred Treasure class6-010.JPG|Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 6) File:Order of the Sacred Treasure Ribbon.png|Ribbon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure – old type

References

Sources

• Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America.
• Rossiter, Johnson, ed. (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans, Vol. II. Boston: The Biographical Society....Click link for digitized, full text copy of this book
• Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991,

References

1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210226103835/https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/yushikisha/290619shiryo6.pdf 栄典制度の概要. p.6] [[Cabinet Office (Japan)]]
2. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150529145720/http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/140715/plt1407150012-n1.html 元統幕議長への瑞宝大綬章は首相指示] [[Sankei Shinbun]]. 15 July 2015
3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220602075033/https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/seidokaikaku/juyokijun.pdf 勲章の授与基準.] [[Cabinet Office (Japan)]]
4. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210226103835/https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/yushikisha/290619shiryo6.pdf 栄典制度の概要. p.5] [[Cabinet Office (Japan)]]
5. link. (5 October 2012 ''New York Times'', 28 June 1929.)
6. "Orders of the Sacred Treasure".
7. {{London Gazette. (8 November 1918)
8. Smith, Shirley W.. (1954). "James Burrill Angell: An American Influence". University of Michigan Press.
9. Administrator. (1988-12-03). "Penghargaan".
10. [http://www.pmo.gov.my Abdullah Ahmad Badawi profile] {{webarchive. link. (4 February 2016 ; accessed 2 July 2014)
11. (3 November 2002). "4,632 people win awards for contributing to Japan". The Japan Times.
12. Indonesia, Tokoh. (9 September 2004). "M Jusuf {{!}} TOKOH INDONESIA {{!}} TokohIndonesia.com {{!}} Tokoh.id".
13. King, Wayne. (2 May 1986). "Briefing: Boorstin and the Emperor". The New York Times.
14. "Avery Brundage Collection".
15. (17 June 1966). "The Gateway's Oriental Treasure".
16. Administrator. (1988-12-10). "Penghargaan".
17. New York Times, April 17, 1973.
18. "한국사데이터베이스".
19. Japan Society of London. "Sir Hugh Cortazzi profile at". AIM25.
20. Media, Kompas Cyber. (2021-11-30). "Radius Prawiro: Pendidikan, Karier, Kebijakan, dan Wafat Halaman all".
21. (14 March 1932). "Takuma Dan profile".
22. Administrator. (1987-12-26). "Bintang jasa dari kaisar hirohito".
23. "Henry Willard Denison, Portraits of State and National Legislators and Others on the First Floor of The State House, New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources". nh.gov.
24. The Admiral: The Memoirs of Albert Gleaves, Admiral, USN
25. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BAAS...43..014N "Obituary: Chushiro Hayashi (1920–2010)"], adsabs.harvard.edu, December 2011.
26. Krebs, Alvin. (15 January 1981). "Notes on People: Hester Honored". The New York Times.
27. "Masaru Ibuka".
28. Kirkup, James. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-masaru-ibuka-1290247.html Masaru Ibuka obituary] {{webarchive. link. (15 August 2017 , independent.co.uk, ''The Independent'' (London, UK), 22 December 1997; accessed 2 July 2014.)
29. (1 July 1902). "叙任及辞令". 官報.
30. (June 1946). "法廷証第116号: [松岡洋右關スル人事局履歴書]". National Diet Library.
31. [[Umezawa Michiharu]]
32. ''Honolulu Star-Bulletin'', April 7, 1916, page 4
33. (3 October 1999). "Akio Morita: Biography". Sony Corporation of America.
34. link. (8 March 2009 , ''The New York Times'', 4 April 2001.)
35. [http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201104/11-0423E/index.html "Passing of Norio Ohga, Senior Advisor and former President and Chairman, Sony Corporation"] {{webarchive. link. (4 August 2011 , sony.net, 23 April 2011; retrieved 8 August 2011.)
36. {{London Gazette. (30 October 1917)
37. (16 August 2021). "Remembering Radhabinod Pal's Dissenting Opinion at the Tokyo Trial".
38. link. (14 March 2012 , Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research (CILT), 27 March 2002; retrieved 19 June 2011.)
39. ''Daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser'', June 24, 1892, page 4
40. "2015 Spring Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals".
41. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article460400.ece Sir Julian Ridsdale profile]{{dead link. (September 2024)
42. "訃報（経団連名誉会長、当社社友名誉会長 斎藤英四郎殿）[News of death: President Emeritus of Keidanren, Honorary Chairman of our company, Saito Eishiro]".
43. (21 January 2015). "KIYOSHI SUMIYA". Philippines Japan Society Medal of Merit Awardees.
44. [http://www.toyota.com/about/our_business/operations/manufacturing/alabama/stoyoda.html Shoichiro Toyoda profile] {{webarchive. link. (4 June 2009 , toyota.com; accessed 2 July 2014.)
45. {{London Gazette. (4 January 1921)
46. "ဗိုလ်ချုပ်အောင်ဆန်း (၁၉၁၅-၁၉၄၇ ခုနှစ်)".
47. Tong, Howell. (3 April 2012 }}", Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website ([[Institute of Statistical Mathematics]]).
    {{citation). "Obituary: Professor Hirotugu Akaike, 1927-2009". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A.
48. Oblas, Peter. (2004-03-01). "Naturalist Law and Japan's Legitimization of Empire in Manchuria: Thomas Baty and Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Diplomacy & Statecraft.
49. {{London Gazette. (19 August 1921)
50. "MASTERPIECES OF JAPANESE ART FROM THE MARY GRIGGS BURKE COLLECTION – The Metropolitan Museum of Art".
51. "Pierre Cardin Bio".
52. link. (12 November 2011 , editions-harmattan.fr; accessed 6 July 2014.)
53. "Kobe Institute of Computing | History".
54. Cited in the Congressional Record, 5 November 1973, Volume 119, No. 168.
55. [http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/98/981120.fujita.shtml Profile of Ted Fujita] {{webarchive. link. (14 July 2007 , uchicago.edu; accessed 2 July 2014.)
56. Beam, George. (2001). "Quality Public Management". Rowman & Littlefield.
57. (4 March 2008). "Management guru coined 80-20 rule". L A Times.
58. (6 March 2008). "Joseph Juran: American pioneer of quality control who wrote the definitive manual and helped create Japan's postwar economic miracle". The Times.
59. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yuU1AAAAIAAJ&q=1983+order+of+the+sacred+treasure+Yuet+Keung+Kan Yuet Keung Kan profile], ''Bulletin of the Chinese University of Hong Kong'' (p. 5)
60. "Masaki Kashiwara: A brief biography". Abelprisen.
61. Lord, Frances. "Bernard Leach archive". Crafts Study Centre.
62. (2019). "Mike M. Masaoka papers, 1931–1991".
63. "L'Ordre du Trésor Sacré (The Order of the Sacred Treasure)". L'Harmattan.
64. Chubu Regional Construction Bureau, Ministry of Construction, Kiso River Lower Reaches Works Office. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:lduWrXtFzGgJ:www.japanriver.or.jp/EnglishDocument/DB/file/006%2520Chubu%252011.pdf+Johannis+de+Rijke+Foundation&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiPWFDMmgGjpQ2T2tC-bvsZeCVgfJDGrZfDhRbMSeSDoPCtY9k7Y-TZCNw8LMlsX-R8O8EmaeFJqalER2fomyvWJnWePjGL5P0PMNp_PyL2QbKl14MavGNb80OBfXTKnF4DeoxZ&sig=AHIEtbS7MRYvpRjr-yXaYP43rbRpoMdAIw Johannis de Rijke profile], ''The Father of the Riparian Work on the Kiso-Sansen: Johannis de Rijke'', page 6
65. link. (12 November 2011 ; accessed 6 July 2014.)
66. Adler, Cyrus (1921). [https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z_jY30B2jIC&q=order+of+the+sacred+treasure&pg=PA12 Profile of Jacob Henry Schiff], books.google.com; accessed 2 July 2014.
67. National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (NRI), [http://www.tobunken.go.jp/japanese/bukko/1983.html 田中一松] {{webarchive. link. (16 July 2011 , 1983.)
68. "Nihon no shashinka", ''Biographic Dictionary of Japanese Photography'' (Tokyo: Nichigai Associates, 2005); {{ISBN. 4-8169-1948-1, p. 291 {{in lang. ja
69. 20世紀西洋人名事典. "ウィルフレッド・C. ツキヤマとは".
70. Davis, Henry Blaine Jr.. (1998). "Generals in Khaki". Pentland Press.
71. ''The Maui News'', January 6, 1922, page 2
72. ''The Christian Advocate'', May 12, 1921, page 610
73. "VADM Eugene P. "Dennis" Wilkinson (retired)". U.S. Navy Submarine Force Museum.
74. [[Crockford's Clerical Directory]] 1929/30 p75: [[Oxford]], [[Oxford University Press. OUP]], 1929]
75. [http://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000251886.pdf 2017 Spring Conferment of Decoration on Foreign Nationals, Page 23] {{webarchive. link. (7 September 2017 ; accessed 6 September 2017.)
76. Recipient with citation
77. [http://www.csuchico.edu/~gwilliams/tsa/nl/kunsho_(medal_of_honor).html Delmer Brown profile] {{webarchive. link. (22 January 2011 , csuchico.edu; accessed 2 July 2014.)
78. ''The Hawaiian Gazette'', March 19, 1918, page 1
79. "Edoardo Chiossone". Musei di Genova.
80. (29 September 2015). "Dettmar Cramer: Coach who helped West Germany to World Cup glory and established football in Japan". The Independent.
81. {{London Gazette. (1 August 1930)
82. [http://www.bosse-verlag.de/koeln.htm "Kun Santo Zuiho Sho"] {{webarchive. link. (1 March 2012 , Niemöller, Pätzold & Chung (1995) 'Lux Oriente', KBMf 188, p. IV)
83. [http://www.ritterkreuztraeger-1939-45.de/Kriegsmarine/G/Gumprich-Guenther.htm Profile of Günther Gumprich] {{webarchive. link. (11 December 2010 , ritterkreuztraeger-1939-45.de; accessed 6 July 2014.)
84. (2003). "Memoir of a Trustbuster: A Lifelong Adventure with Japan". [[University of Hawaiʻi Press]].
85. ''The Daily Bulletin'' (Hawaii), August 11, 1892, page 2
86. John E. Tuhy, ''Sam Hill: The Prince of Castle Nowhere'' (1983), Portland, Oregon, USA: Timber Press, {{ISBN. 0-917304-77-2, p. 178
87. (25 March 1919). "Japan Decorates Our Naval Attache". The New York Times.
88. "Recipients of the 2012 Autumn Decoration Announced (November 3, 2012)".
89. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,846994,00.html "Pax Britannica (3rd Class)"] {{webarchive. link. (15 July 2010 , ''Time'', 16 May 1932.)
90. Dunne, A., & Bowen, R. (2003): Trevor Pryce Leggett profile, ''Britain & Japan: biographical portraits'' (Vol. 4, pp. 323–33). London: Routledge; {{ISBN. 978-1-9033-5014-0
91. [http://www.mifuneproductions.co.jp/english/biography/ebiography.html Toshiro Mifune profile] {{webarchive. link. (1 October 2011 , mifuneproductions.co.jp; accessed 2 July 2014.)
92. [https://noda-tetsuya.com/] Tetsuya Noda The Works 1964 – 2016 {{ISBN. 978-4-87242-430-0
93. Brenson, Michael. (31 December 1988). "Isamu Noguchi, the Sculptor, Dies at 84". The New York Times.
94. [http://www.jfk.duq.edu/bioNoguchi.html Duquesne/Wecht Institute of Forensic Science and Law profile of Thomas Noguchi] {{webarchive. link. (6 March 2009 , jfk.duq.edul accessed 2 July 2014.)
95. (April 2020). "Dr Ozato Conferral". Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Washington Office.
96. link. Kinokuniya
97. Hemphill, Elizabeth. (1969). "The Road to KEEP". John Weatherhill Inc..
98. [http://www.nec.co.jp/press/en/0711/1201.html "Tadahiro Sekimoto, Former Chairman of NEC, Passed Away on November 11, 2007"] {{webarchive. link. (16 November 2007 , NEC Corporation, nec.co.jp, 12 November 2007.)
99. [http://www.oist.jp/hiroko-sho Profile of Hiroko Sho] {{webarchive. link. (25 November 2013 , oist.jp; accessed 2 July 2014.)
100. ''The Hawaiian Star'', March 23, 1896, page 1
101. 20世紀日本人名事典,367日誕生日大事典. "杉野 芳子(スギノ ヨシコ)とは".
102. [https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2010/suzuki-bio.html Profile of Akira Suzuki] {{webarchive. link. (10 June 2017 , nobelprize.org; accessed 2 July 2014.)
103. [https://archive.org/details/prominentpeopleo00stjouoft ''Prominent People of the Maritime Provinces''], p. 193
104. link. (27 November 2010 , rafu.com; accessed 2 July 2014.)
105. Tsuji, Masanobu (1997) ''Japan's Greatest Victory, Britain's Worst Defeat'', p. 108
106. [https://peripluspublishinggroup.com/tuttle/aboutus.php Profile] {{webarchive. link. (15 July 2011 , Tuttle Publishing Internet homepage, peripluspublishinggroup.com; accessed 2 July 2014.)
107. (11 December 1999). "Obituary: Elizabeth Vining". The Economist.
108. Allen, David. (29 January 2007). "Veteran writes book on proper chopstick use". [[Stars and Stripes (newspaper).
109. Letter from the Consulate General of Japan, 3 October 1988. C. Elizabeth Boyd '33 Archives, Wilson College, [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]], United States.
110. The Oregonian 10/19/1978 No. 8216 Patent of Decoration.
111. [http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/orleans/obits/1/d-20.txt "Obituary: Ralph D. Dwyer, Jr. (1924–1999)"], files.usgwarchives.net, April 2005.
112. Sullivan, K. (2003): [http://www.judoinfo.com/fukuda.htm A lifetime of Judo: 90 year old Keiko Fukuda, the martial art's highest-ranked woman, still goes to the mat for her Bay Area students] {{webarchive. link. (9 June 2004 , judoinfo.com, reproduced from the ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 17 October 2003; retrieved 25 April 2010.)
113. (August 2018)
114. (1956). "Forward". St. Joseph College.
115. Mostel, Raphael. (1 January 2013). "Beate Sirota Gordon Dies at 89". Forward.
116. ''The Hawaiian Star'', November 26, 1901, page 7
117. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. (29 April 2022). "令和４年春の叙勲受章者について". MHLW.
118. [http://www.ny.us.emb-japan.go.jp/en/c/vol_10-4/title_03.html Herbert Keppler profile] {{webarchive. link. (5 January 2013 , ny.us.emb-japan.go.jp; accessed 2 July 2014.)
119. [https://www.wellesley.edu/alumnae/awards/achievementawards/allrecipients/yukiko-domoto-maki-24 "Yukiko Domoto Maki ('24)"]. Wellesley College Alumnae Achievement Awards 1979. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
120. link
121. [http://www.itkf.org/nishiyama.html Nishiyama bio] {{webarchive. link. (12 May 2011 , ITKF.org; accessed 2 July 2014.)
122. [https://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/04/22/news/story09.html Legislator made mark in Kalihi, Okinawa], Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 22 April 2007
123. [http://archives.starbulletin.com/1999/01/01/news/story12.html Agnes Mitsue Niyekawa profile] {{webarchive. link. (14 May 2012 , 1 January 1999; accessed 2 July 2014.)
124. [https://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=F10813FA3E5C0C708DDDAC0894DA484D81 Bird, David and Robert McG. Thomas Jr. "Notes on People: Japanese Writer for Times Decorated by Hirohito"], ''The New York Times'', 13 May 1982.
125. Britton, Dorothy. (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=vzcP4L8dwFoC&dq=lionel+cholmondeley&pg=PA203 Richard Ponsonby-Fane profile], "A Modern William Adams"], ''Britain and Japan: Biographical Portraits''], books.google.com, page 203; accessed 6 July 2014.
126. [http://home.att.net/~ordersandmedals/MMJO/Oskar_Xylander.htm ''Oskar Ritter und Edler von Xylander'']{{dead link. (April 2018)
127. [https://www.amazon.com/Tozaburo-Thomas-Sashihara/dp/B00072HOBE/, From Tozaburo to Thomas], page 130.
128. link. (9 February 2012 , University of Illinois at Urbana website; 10 November 2006; accessed 2 July 2014.)
129. Woo, Elaine. (29 April 2001). "Floyd Schmoe; Activist for Peace for Nearly a Century".
130. [http://www.seribi.jp/sub11.html Serizawa Keisuke profile] {{webarchive. link. (22 July 2011 , seribi.jp; accessed 2 July 2014.)
131. Takahashi, Masao. (2005). "Mastering Judo". Human Kinetics.
132. ''The Hawaiian Gazette'', July 19, 1910, page 2
133. [http://www.chicago.us.emb-japan.go.jp/JIC/News/AndrewTsubakiDecoration@KansasShinnenkai.pdf Dr. Andrew Tsubaki profile] {{webarchive. link. (14 July 2014 , Consulate General of Japan website; accessed 2 July 2014.)
134. (22 May 2021). "Manga Creator Ichirō Tominaga Passes Away at 96".
135. "Japan confers prestigious decoration on Mr. Janak Jeevantha Bandaranayake".
136. "2012 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals".
137. ''The Pacific Commercial Advertiser'', January 7, 1908, page 5
138. [http://www.ikebanahq.org/history_book_PDF/historybook_2.pdf Friendship through Flowers, History of the Second Twenty-five Years 1981 – 2006, p80] {{webarchive. link. (7 January 2016 , accessed 28 December 2015)
139. Niklaus, Robert L., John S. Sawin, & Samuel J. Stoesz. ''All for Jesus: God at Work in The Christian and Missionary Alliance Over One Hundred Years''. Camp Hill, PA: Christian Publications, 1986, p. 201.
140. Chinen, Karleen C.. (2012). "Hawaii's AJA pioneers : one hundred profiles commemorating the centennial of the Hawaii Hochi". Hawaii Hochi Ltd..
141. [http://www.libnet.pref.okayama.jp/makane/pr/makane04.htm George Gauntlett profile] {{webarchive. link. (25 August 2007 , Local Information Department, Okayama Prefectural Library website; accessed 6 July 2014.)
142. ''The Hawaiian Star'', March 27, 1908, page 2
143. (1993). "Japanese American history : an A-to-Z reference from 1868 to the present". Facts on File.
144. [http://www.kubotagarden.org/about-us/history Kubota Garden Foundation] {{webarchive. link. (26 June 2014 , kubotagarden.org; accessed 2 July 2014.)
145. Wilma, David. (2001-03-08). "Kubota Garden (Seattle)". [[HistoryLink.
146. link. (10 November 2010 , fandrfinearts.com; accessed 2 July 2014.)
147. (September 16, 2021). "Chiura Obata Memorial Highway Dedicated Near Entrance to Yosemite". [[Rafu Shimpo]].
148. [http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss47_bioghist.html Azalia Peet profile] {{webarchive. link. (10 August 2014 , fivecolleges.edu; accessed 10 August 2014.)
149. ''The Hawaiian Star'', November 3, 1905, page 5
150. "Judo Alberta".
151. [http://www.tamiya.com/english/tamiya/tamiya_03.htm Yoshio Tamiya profile] {{webarchive. link. (29 September 2011 , tamiya.com; accessed 2 July 2014.)
152. (2024-04-29). "2024 Spring Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals".
153. (2024-04-29). "Two Bruneians receive Japanese decorations".
154. Rafu Shimpo, November 09, 2024.
155. "CONGRATULATING RIICHI SHIBANO FOR HIS RECOGNITION AND AWARD BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT". COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF MAUI.
156. ''The Hawaiian Star'', October 11, 1905, page 7
157. "8 May 1975, 36 - Honolulu Star-Bulletin at Newspapers.com".
158. Chinen, Karleen C.. (2012). "Hawaii's AJA pioneers : one hundred profiles commemorating the centennial of the Hawaii Hochi". Hawaii Hochi Ltd..
159. "Portrait of the Week". The Japan Society, London, UK.
160. (1932). "Obituary". Federation of Christian Missions in Japan.
161. Balendonck, Marybel. (Winter 2001). "Bonsai Hero". National Bonsai Foundation Bulletin.
162. "Embassy of Japan in Myanmar".
163. Pace, Eric. (22 November 1999). "Faubion Bowers, 82, Defender of Kabuki in Occupied Japan". The New York Times.
164. [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Osakamainiki.jpg "Cruiser 'Livia' in Kobe to Greet Italians"], ''Osaka Mainichi'', 29 July 1922.
165. link. (4 March 2016 , ''The New York Times'', 30 August 1891.)
166. link. (7 March 2009 , ''The New York Times'', 4 November 1998.)
167. "Editions L'Harmattan - Vente livres, ebooks".
168. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,776066,00.html "Uncle Bob"] {{webarchive. link. (8 May 2010 , ''Time'', 10 September 1945.)
169. Yoshikawa, Eiji. (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=FWNor84X_vQC&dq=yoshikawa+eiji+and+order+of+the+sacred+treasure&pg=RA3-PA971 ''Musashi''] (transl. Charles S. Terry), p. 971.
170. link. (21 January 2008 , ''The New York Times'', 27 October 1997; accessed 2 July 2014.)
171. link. (23 October 2017 , ''The New York Times'', 17 October 1905.)
172. Brownlee, John. (1997). ''Japanese historians and the national myths, 1600–1945: the age of the gods and Emperor Jinmu'', p. 96
173. link. (3 April 2012 , Order with gold rays and cross; UNICEF: [http://www.unicef.org/people/people_tetsuko_kuroyanagi.html Goodwill Ambassador Kuroyanagi profile] {{webarchive). link. (10 May 2012 ; accessed 6 July 2014.)
174. fr] {{webarchive. link. (12 November 2011 ; accessed 6 July 2014.)
175. link. (10 March 2009 ''New York Times'', 2 April 1992.)
176. Davison, Charles. (1924). "Fusakichi Omori and his work on Earthquakes". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
177. Briscoe, David. (13 March 2008). "John Roderick; AP Correspondent Captured a Changing China". [[The Washington Post]].
178. link. (12 November 2011 , editions-harmattan.fr; accessed 6 July 2014.)
179. [http://southjnews.com/japan-expert-linguist-writer-jack-seward-passes-away-at-p212-1.htm "Japan Expert, Linguist & Writer Jack Seward Passes away at 86"]{{dead link. (April 2018)
180. {{London Gazette. (22 October 1920)
181. link. (24 October 2017 , ''The New York Times'', 25 July 1990.)
182. Tanaka, Tomoyuki. (1983). "The Complete History of Toho Special Effects Movies". Toho Publishing Business Office.
183. Morrison, Donald. "Japan's Master of Monsters".
184. link. (10 February 2017 , ''The New York Times'', 22 August 1894.)