Order of the Aztec Eagle

History

It was created by decree on December 29, 1933, by President Abelardo L. Rodríguez as a reward to the services given to Mexico or humankind by foreigners. It corresponds to similar distinctions given to Mexican citizens such as the Condecoración Miguel Hidalgo or the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor. It is given by the office of the foreign minister on the instructions of a Council established for this purpose headed by the President. Its naming is partially taken from the Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle, which was created by Maximilian I of Mexico on January 1, 1865.

Design

There is some design similarity of the order with the coat of arms of Mexico, particularly the golden eagle holding a rattlesnake, which is associated with the Aztec civilization.

Classes

Since 2011

Since the reform of March 2011, the classes are :

1. [[File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Collar BAR.svg|60px]] Collar ("Collar"), awarded to heads of state;
2. [[File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Banda Especial BAR.svg|60px]] Sash of Special Category ("Banda en Categoría Especial"), awarded to prime ministers and heads of government, hereditary princes(ses), consorts of heads of state, or to people whose category is tantamount to the previous;
3. [[File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Banda BAR.svg|60px]] Sash ("Banda"), awarded to government ministers, secretaries, members of royal families, ambassadors, or individuals whose category is tantamount to the previous;
4. [[File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Placa BAR.svg|60px]] Plaque ("Placa"), awarded to government undersecretaries, plenipotentiary ministers, consuls general, brigadier generals, rear admirals, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
5. [[File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Venera BAR.svg|60px]] Venera (a type of insignia), awarded to ad hoc business representatives, colonels and lieutenant colonels, captains of a ship, equivalent servants of embassies in Mexico, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
6. [[File:MEX Orden del Aguila Azteca 2011 Insignia BAR.svg|60px]] Insignia, awarded to ad interim business representatives and other members of diplomatic missions; captain, navy lieutenant, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous and to those cases the Council considers pertinent.

All grades except the collar may be awarded, at the Council's discretion, to distinguished foreigners.

Before 2011

Prior to the 2011 reform, the classes were, in descending order:

1. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png|60px]] Collar ("Collar"), awarded to heads of state;
2. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png|60px]] Grand Cross ("Cruz"), awarded to prime ministers and heads of government
3. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png|60px]] Sash ("Banda"), awarded to government ministers, secretaries and ambassadors
4. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 2Class BAR.png|60px]] Medal ("Medalla"), awarded to government undersecretaries, plenipotentiary ministers, as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
5. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 3Class BAR.png|60px]] Plaque ("Placa"), awarded to ad hoc business representatives, colonels and lieutenant colonels, captains of a ship, equivalent servants of embassies in Mexico), as well to those whose category is tantamount to the previous;
6. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 4Class BAR.png|60px]] Venera (a type of insignia), awarded to ad interim business representatives and other members of diplomatic missions;
7. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 5Class BAR.png|60px]] Insignia proper, awarded at the Council's discretion; and
8. [[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 5Class BAR.png|60px]] Honorable Mention ("Mención Honorífica").

Notable recipients

Royalty

Presidents

• First Czechoslovak Republic Edvard Beneš – Collar (1935)
• United States Dwight David Eisenhower – Collar (1945)
• Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek – Collar (1945)
• India Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan – Collar (1954)
• Cuba Fulgencio Batista - Collar
• Brazil Juscelino Kubitschek – Collar
• Dominican Republic Rafael Trujillo – Collar
• France Charles de Gaulle – Collar
• Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito – Collar (1963)
• Tanzania Julius Nyerere – Collar (1975)
• Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov
• Cuba Fidel Castro – Collar (1988)
• Estonia Lennart Meri – Collar (1995)
• Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – Collar (2007)
• Chile Michelle Bachelet – Collar (2007)
• South Africa Nelson Mandela – Sash (2010)
• Guatemala Álvaro Colom – Collar (2011)
• El Salvador Mauricio Funes – Collar (2011)
• Colombia Juan Manuel Santos – Collar (2011)
• Uruguay José Mujica – Collar (2014)
• Brazil Dilma Rousseff – Collar (2015)
• Guatemala Otto Pérez Molina – Collar (2015)
• Argentina Mauricio Macri – Collar (2016)
• Italy Sergio Mattarella – Collar (2016)
• Portugal Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa – Collar (2017)
• India Pratibha Patil – Sash Special Category (2018)
• Philippines Manuel Luis Quezon – Collar
• Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel – Collar (2023)

Politicians

• Indonesia Johannes Leimena

• Belgium Edmond Leburton

• USSR Alexandra Kollontai – Sash (1944)

• USA Henry Harley Arnold – Collar (1945)

• Yugoslavia Dr. Jože Brilej – Sash (1950s)

• Japan Takeo Miki – Sash (1967)

• UK Sir Edward Heath (1994)

• Guatemala Bernardo Arévalo (1995)

• Canada Yves Ducharme – Venera (2006)

• USA Mark Shurtleff, Utah Attorney General – Plaque (placa) (2006)

• Belize Lisa Shoman – Sash (2008)

• USA Ted Kennedy – Sash (2008)

• Spain José Manuel García-Margallo (2015)

• France Benoît Hamon{{cite web | access-date = January 26, 2017

• Argentina Eva Perón (1951)

• USA David Dreier (2017)

• USA Jared Kushner – Sash (2018)

• China Qiu Xiaoqi - Sash (2019)

• France Jean-Yves Le Drian – Sash (2021)

• Chile Isabel Allende Bussi – Insignia (2023)

Other

• USA Walt Disney (1943)

• USA Spencer Atkinson (1946)

• USA Norman Borlaug (1970)

• USA Nettie Lee Benson (1979)

• UK Nigel Davies (1980)

• USA Edward Hidalgo (1980)

• UK Diana Kennedy (1981)

• Colombia Gabriel García Márquez (1982)

• Chile Claudio Arrau (1982)

• Spain Plácido Domingo – (1985)

• USA W. Michael Mathes (1985)

• USA Cesar Chavez (1990)

• USA Dr. Donald Winkelmann (1994)

• Soviet Union Yuri Knorozov (1995)

• Mexico Hector P. Garcia (1998)

• India Satish Gujral – Insignia proper

• USA Charles Butt – (2001)

• USA Melinda Gates – Insignia proper (2007)

• USA Anne d'Harnoncourt – Insignia proper (2007)

• Guatemala Rigoberta Menchú – Insignia proper (2010)

• Peru Mario Vargas Llosa (2011)

• India Amartya Sen (2011)

• Ireland Bono – Insignia proper (2012)

• Japan Takashi Yamanouchi (2013)

• USA Ralph Roeder

• UK Lady Susan Hussey (2015)

• USA Dolores Huerta (2015)

• USA Richard W. Fisher – Badge (2015)

• UK Stuart Gulliver (2017)

• USA Roderic Ai Camp (2017)

• USA Rick Bayless – Insignia (2017)

• USA Roberta S. Jacobson (2018)

• France Catherine Bréchignac (2018)

• USA Stephen A. Schwarzman – Plaque (2018)

• USA Henry Kravis – Plaque (2018)

• Italy – Plaque (2021)

List by class

;Collars

• Akihito
• Bhumibol Adulyadej
• Michelle Bachelet
• Beatrix of the Netherlands
• Josip Broz Tito
• Carl XVI Gustaf
• Fidel Castro
• Edvard Beneš
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Elizabeth II
• Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
• Mauricio Funes
• Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
• Haile Selassie
• Henryk Jabłoński
• Juan Carlos I of Spain
• Juscelino Kubitschek
• Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
• Mauricio Macri
• Margrethe II of Denmark
• Mohammed VI of Morocco
• Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
• Salman of Saudi Arabia
• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan ;Grand Crosses
• Henry H. Arnold
• Princess Benedikte of Denmark
• Jože Brilej
• Maria Cavaco Silva
• Armand De Decker
• Guillermo Fernández de Soto
• Jean Gol
• Peter Hope (diplomat)
• Thanat Khoman
• Princess Lalla Hasna of Morocco
• Edmond Leburton
• Mahathir Mohamad
• Princess Margriet of the Netherlands
• Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
• Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco
• Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb
• Olav V of Norway
• Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou
• Ra'ad bin Zeid
• Suharto
• Pratibha Patil ;Bands
• Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
• Charles, Prince of Wales
• Infanta Cristina of Spain
• Carlos Echeverri Cortés
• Felipe VI of Spain
• Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark
• Princess Irene of the Netherlands
• Ted Kennedy
• Alexandra Kollontai
• Queen Letizia of Spain
• Nelson Mandela
• Queen Máxima of the Netherlands
• Takeo Miki
• Hirofumi Nakasone
• Sadako Ogata
• Pietro Parolin
• Prince Sahle Selassie
• Lisa Shoman
• Queen Sofía of Spain ;Placards
• Bill Gates
• Charles E. Wilhelm
• Alan Yarrow ;Insignia
• David Brading
• Melinda Gates
• Satish Gujral
• Anne d'Harnoncourt
• Alan Knight (historian) ;Other or Unknown Classes
• Claudio Arrau
• Jack Austin (politician)
• Rick Bayless
• Nettie Lee Benson
• Elizabeth Hill Boone
• David Brading
• Jože Brilej
• Charles Butt
• David Carrasco
• Maria Cavaco Silva
• Alfredo Chiaradía
• Francesco Cossiga
• Nigel Davies (historian)
• Michel Descombey
• Plácido Domingo
• Yves Ducharme
• Elżbieta Dzikowska
• Luis Echeverría
• Trevor Eyton
• Jean-Louis Georgelin
• Nadine Gordimer
• John Greenslade
• António Guterres
• Jan Hendrix
• Edward Hidalgo
• Carla Anderson Hills
• Alfred Wilkinson Johnson
• Michael Kaiser
• Friedrich Katz
• Diana Kennedy
• Jean-Pierre Kingsley
• Nobusuke Kishi
• Yuri Knorozov
• Thomas Krens
• Ernest Krogh-Hansen
• George Kubler
• Jared Kushner
• Luis Leal (writer)
• Fred Martinez
• W. Michael Mathes
• Helmut Maucher
• José Carlos Millás
• Million Dollar Theater
• Paula Marcela Moreno Zapata
• Julius Nyerere
• Óscar Osorio
• Benoît Puga
• Mariano Rajoy
• Ann Richards
• Nelson Rockefeller
• Rodman Rockefeller
• Albert Sabin
• Eisaku Satō
• Walter Schwimmer
• Edward Seaga
• David Shaltiel
• Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.
• Innis P. Swift
• Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton
• J. Eric S. Thompson
• Mario Vargas Llosa
• Baldemar Velasquez
• William Wasson
• David J. Weber
• Eliot Weinberger
• Derry Weis
• Raul Yzaguirre
• Amartya Sen
• Tom Tollemache

Gallery

File:Order of the Aztec Eagle - Grand Cordon (Mexico) - Memorial JK - Brasilia - DSC00377.JPG|Grand Cordon (collar) of the Order of the Aztec Eagle File:Encomienda Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca.jpg|Insignia of the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle File:Banda y venera Orden Aguila Azteca AEAcoll.jpg|Sash and sash badge of the Order of the Aztec Eagle File:Placa Orden Aguila Azteca AEAcoll.jpg|Breast Star (placa) of the Order of the Aztec Eagle

Additional sources

• Mexican Chamber of Deputies
• Olvera Ayes, David A. "La Orden Mexicana del Aguila Azteca – Apuntes para su Historia". Cuadernos del Cronista. México, 2011

References

References

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