Operation Atalanta

Overview

Under EU Council Joint Action 851, which is based on various UN resolutions, Operation ATALANTA:

• Protects vessels of the World Food Programme (WFP), African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and other vulnerable shipping;
• Deters and disrupts piracy and armed robbery at sea;
• Monitors fishing activities off the coast of Somalia;
• Supports other EU missions and international organisations working to strengthen maritime security and capacity in the region.

The Operation's mission evolved over its first ten years. On 8 December 2009, monitoring of fishing activity was formally added to the mandate. Although it took time for the data to lead to direct legal consequences, DG MARE has subsequently used the information EU NAVFOR provides to build sanctions cases against foreign governments. On 17 December 2018 the EU Council granted permission for EU NAVFOR to share data on forms of maritime crime other than piracy with INTERPOL and EUROPOL.

Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/2188 extended the mandate of the EU NAVFOR Somalia Op. ATALANTA for another two years until the end of 2022. With this latest mandate extension, besides operation's core tasks, there were included some non-executive secondary tasks:

• Support other EU missions and instruments in Somalia upon request.
• Contribute to the monitoring of fishing activity off the coast of Somalia.
• Contribute to the monitoring of narcotics drugs trafficking, weapons trafficking, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and charcoal illicit trade off the coast of Somalia.
• Contribute to the EU integrated approach to Somalia and the relevant activities of the international community.
• Support the promotion of the overall regional maritime security architecture, the relevant programmes implemented by the commission and to reinforce the already developed links with the Regional Maritime Information Fusion Centre (RMIFC) in Madagascar and the Regional Operational Coordination Centre. Finally, the new mandate includes the possibility to activate as an executive secondary task, the contribution to the disruption of drug and weapons trafficking inside EU NAVFOR Somalia area of operations.

Located in Brest (FR) and depending on the Headquarters of Operation ATALANTA, is the Maritime Security Centre – Horn of Africa (MSCHOA), an initiative established by the European Union Naval Force, with close co-operation from industry. The MSCHOA centre provides 24-hour manned monitoring of vessels transiting through the Gulf of Aden, whilst the provision of an interactive website enables the centre to communicate the latest anti-piracy guidance to industry and for Shipping Companies and operators to register their movements through the region.

Participation in EU NAVFOR goes beyond EU member states. Norway was the first non-EU country to contribute to the Operation, with a warship in 2009. Thereafter Croatia (pre-Accession), Montenegro, Serbia, Ukraine and the Republic of Korea have provided staff officers either to the Operational Headquarters (OHQ) or to the Force Headquarters (FHQ). Ukraine contributed a warship early in 2014, and New Zealand contributed an MPRA asset (a Lockheed P-3 Orion of No. 5 Squadron RNZAF) later the same year. The Republic of Korea formally joined EU NAVFOR on 27 February 2017.

Around 700 personnel are involved in ATALANTA, with the size of the force typically varying between 1–6 surface combat vessels and 1–3 Maritime Patrol Aircraft. In 2019, the budget was around €5 million for the common costs of the mandate. For 2021 the budget will be €4.4 million for the common costs of the mandate.

The operation takes its name from the mythological Greek heroine Atalanta.

Prelude

The Transitional Federal Government of Somalia wrote to the President of the United Nations Security Council asking for international help to fight piracy and armed robbery against ships off the coast of Somalia. In June 2008, the Council unanimously passed Resolution 1816 authorising nations that have the agreement of the Transitional Federal Government to enter Somali territorial waters to deal with pirates. The measure, which was sponsored by France, the United States and Panama, was to last six months. France initially wanted the resolution to include other regions with pirate problems, such as West Africa, but were opposed by Vietnam, Libya and China, who wanted the sovereignty infringement limited to Somalia.

Highlights

Operation Atalanta formally commenced on 8 December 2008 in accordance with the mandate laid down in UNSC Resolution 1814.

On 1 January 2009, eight Somali suspects were captured by the French aviso Premier-Maître L'Her as they attempted to seize a Panamanian-registered cargo ship () some 50 nautical miles south of Yemen.

On 14 April 2009, the French frigate (F 732), attached to Operation Atalanta, captured 11 suspected pirates, together with their mother ship and two skiffs, in an EU NAVFOR focused operation carried out in the Indian Ocean. The French ship responded to the distress message by the 21,000 tonne Liberia-flagged which came under small arms and RPG attack from two skiffs operating from a pirate mother ship. The warship deployed its helicopter, which quickly arrived on the scene, to deter the hijacking and shadow the mother vessel until the frigate arrived.

On 26 May 2009, the EU Naval Task Force vessel HSwMS Malmö responded to a distress call from the European cargo vessel and apprehended seven suspected pirates.

From 5 to 7 March 2010, forces from France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden were in action; the French frigate secured its "biggest seizure" to-date in a vital shipping lane off the coast of Somalia, with 35 pirates arrested and four mother ships seized in three days.

In May 2010, there were a number of incidents in the area. The Russian destroyer freed the 106,474-ton , which was about 350 miles east of Socotra, transporting crude oil from Sudan to China. Two days later, however, Russia's Defense Ministry said it had proved impossible to establish the pirates' citizenship or to establish legal grounds for prosecuting, therefore the pirates were returned to their boat and set free. In another incident, a Swedish aircraft attached to the EU Naval Force, the French warship La Fayette and the Dutch warship collaborated in the spotting and capturing of a pirate action group composed of a whaler and two skiffs, about 400 miles northwest of the Seychelles. Reports on these incidents, citing other news reports, concluded that pirates were holding almost 20 vessels and about 300 crew members.

In September 2011, marines from the Spanish landing platform dock rescued the French citizen Evelyn Colombo. She had been kidnapped from the French yacht Tribal Kat, and her husband Christian killed while trying to protect her.

In November 2012, Marines from the Spanish corvette liberated 21 Pakistani sailors from the trawler Al Talal, who had been kidnapped, detaining 9 pirates.

On 15 May 2012, EU naval forces conducted their first raid on pirate bases on the Somali mainland as part of the operation, saying they "destroyed several boats". The forces were transported by helicopter to the pirate bases near the port of Harardhere. The attack was carried out overnight, and, according to the European forces, no local residents were hurt during the mission.

On 24 October 2014, the first non-European third state asset integrated into EU NAVFOR when New Zealand provided a P-3 Orion of 5 Squadron RNZAF.

On 27 October 2016, following an appeal from the President of Puntland direct to the Operational Headquarters, diverted to the Puntland coast in the first EU NAVFOR show of force against violent extremist organisations when the coastal town of Qandala was overrun by ISIS sympathisers.

In November 2017, a six crew member motor whaler acting as mother ship, and a skiff attacked a 52,000 tonne container ship and a fishing vessel in the Southern Somali Basin. The suspected pirates were apprehended by the Italian Marines from the after their vessels were located using Virginio Fasan SH-90 helicopter, following initial searches by the Spanish Maritime patrol aircraft Cisne.

On 27 October 2018, EU NAVFOR destroyed a whaler that took part on a boarding attempt against the on 16 October to prevent it being used for pirate acts.

In April 2019, several piracy incidents took place involving different shipping vessels and a Yemeni dhow where captured off the coast of Somalia. On 21 April, EU NAVFOR dispatched its Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPRAs) and conducted a search in the area, resulting in identifying the mothership dhow. On 23 April, in collaboration with its MPRAs, EU NAVFOR's flagship, the , successfully intercepted and boarded the captured dhow vessel. EU NAVFOR apprehended five suspected pirates, and the 23 hostages aboard the hijacked were released unharmed.

In March 2024, a vessel was deployed to track the hijacked MV Abdullah off the coats of Somalia.

Between 26 May and 1 June 2025, Antonio Marceglia and Reina Sofia visited Mumbai Port while operating under EUNAVFOR Atalanta. The port visit was followed by a military exercise with the Indian Navy.

Deployed units

Vessels

The following vessels were part of EU NAVFOR's fleet in Operation Atalanta. Operation Atalanta has the task force designator Task Force 465.

Aircraft

As of May 2021 the following aircraft were deployed with the European Union Naval Force – Operation Atalanta.

Vessels and aircraft in former rotation periods

The following vessels have, among others, been committed to the Operation .

• Belgium Louise-Marie (F931), Belgium
• Belgium Leopold I (F930), Belgium
• Germany Brandenburg (F215), (Germany)
• Germany Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (F218), Germany
• Germany Schleswig-Holstein (F216), (Germany)
• Germany Bayern (F217), Germany
• Germany Rheinland-Pfalz (F209), (Germany)
• Germany Köln (F211), (Germany)
• Germany Niedersachsen (F208), (Germany)
• Germany Lübeck (F214), (Germany)
• Germany Hamburg (F220)
• Germany Rhön (A1443), (Germany)
• Germany Spessart (A1442), (Germany)
• Germany Berlin (A1411), Germany
• Netherlands , Netherlands
• Netherlands , Netherlands
• Netherlands , Netherlands
• Netherlands , Netherlands
• Netherlands , Netherlands
• Netherlands , Netherlands
• Netherlands Replenishment oiler , Netherlands
• Netherlands Replenishment oiler , Netherlands
• Netherlands Rotterdam class amphibious transport dock , Netherlands
• Netherlands , Netherlands
• Italy Bergamini-class frigate Carabiniere (F 593), Italy
• Italy Bergamini-class frigate Carlo Margottini (F 592)
• Italy Maestrale (F 570), Italy
• Italy Grecale (F 571), Italy
• Italy Libeccio (F 572), Italy
• Italy Scirocco (F 573), Italy
• Italy Euro (F 575), Italy
• Italy Espero (F 576), Italy
• Italy Zeffiro (F 577), Italy
• Italy Comandante Borsini (P 491), Italy
• Italy Comandante Bettica (P 492), Italy
• Italy San Giorgio (L 9892), Italy
• Italy San Giusto (L 9894), Italy
• Italy Andrea Doria (D 553), Italy
• Italy AGF/AOR Etna (A 5326), Italy
• France helicopter cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (R97), France
• France Tonnerre (L9014), France
• France Jean de Vienne (D643), France
• France Georges Leygues (D640), France
• France Aconit (F713), France
• France Guépratte (F714), France
• France La Fayette (F710), France
• France Surcouf (F711), France
• France De Grasse (D612)
• France , France
• France (F732), France
• France Jean Bart (D615), France
• France Enseigne de vaisseau Jacoubet (F794), France
• France Marne (A630), France
• France Siroco (L9012), France
• New Zealand Lockheed P-3 Orion P-3K2 Orion, New Zealand
• Portugal NRP Vasco da Gama (F330)
• Portugal NRP Álvares Cabral (F331)
• Portugal Lockheed P-3 Orion P-3C Papa, Portugal
• Spain Santa Maria (F81), Spain
• Spain Victoria (F82), Spain
• Spain Numancia (F83), Spain
• Spain Navarra (F85), Spain
• Spain Canarias (F86), Spain
• Spain Reina Sofía (F84), Spain
• Spain Blas de Lezo (F103), Spain
• Spain Mendez Nuñez (F104), Spain
• Spain Infanta Elena (P76), Spain
• Spain Infanta Cristina (P77), Spain
• Spain Cazadora (P78), Spain
• Spain Vencedora (P79), Spain
• Spain Galicia (L51), Spain
• Spain Castilla (L52), Spain
• Spain Replenishment oiler , Spain
• Spain Meteoro-class offshore patrol boat Meteoro (P41)
• Spain Meteoro-class offshore patrol boat Relámpago (P43), Spain
• Spain Meteoro-class offshore patrol boat Tornado (P44), Spain
• Spain Lockheed P-3 Orion P-3M Orion, Spain
• United Kingdom Type 23 frigate , United Kingdom - (Non EU member contribution)
• United Kingdom Type 23 frigate , United Kingdom - (Non EU member contribution)
• United Kingdom RFA Lyme Bay (L3007), United Kingdom - (Non EU member contribution)
• Greece HS Salamis (F455) Greece
• Greece HS Psara (F454) Greece
• Greece HS Elli (F450), Greece
• Greece HS Adrias (F459), Greece
• Sweden HSwMS Stockholm (K11), Sweden
• Sweden HSwMS Malmö (K12), Sweden
• Sweden Akademik Shuleykin-class auxiliary vessel HSwMS Trossö (A264), Sweden
• Sweden Off-shore Patrol Vessel HMS Carlskrona (P04), Sweden
• Norway HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen (F310), Norway – (Non EU member contribution)
• Finland Pohjanmaa class minelayer FNS Pohjanmaa, Finland
• Romania Regele Ferdinand (221), Romania
• Ukraine Hetman Sahaydachniy (U130), Ukraine – (Non EU member contribution)
• Colombia Offshore patrol vessel ARC 7 de Agosto (PZE-47) – (non-EU member collaboration), Colombia

References

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