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OPERA experiment

Italian neutrino detector (2011–2012)

Summary

Italian neutrino detector (2011–2012)

The Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus (OPERA) was an instrument used in a scientific experiment for detecting tau neutrinos from muon neutrino oscillations. The experiment is a collaboration between CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Gran Sasso, Italy and uses the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) neutrino beam.

The process started with protons from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN being fired in pulses at a carbon target to produce pions and kaons. These particles decay to produce muons and neutrinos. |access-date = 2013-08-31 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140201230116/http://www.jimal-khalili.com/blog/faster-than-the-speed-of-light.html#more-1055 |archive-date = 1 February 2014

The beam from CERN was stopped on 3 December 2012, ending data taking, but the analysis of the collected data has continued.

Detector

OPERA, in Hall C of the Gran Sasso underground labs, was built in 2003–2008. The taus resulting from the interaction of tau neutrinos are observed in "bricks" of photographic films (nuclear emulsion) interleaved with lead sheets. Each brick weighs 8.3 kg; the two OPERA supermodules contain 150,000 bricks arranged into parallel walls interleaved with plastic scintillator counters. Each supermodule is followed by a magnetic spectrometer for momentum and charge identification of penetrating particles. During data collection, a neutrino interaction and its corresponding brick are tagged in real time by the scintillators and spectrometers. These bricks are extracted from the walls asynchronously with respect to the beam for film development, scanning and for the topological and kinematic search of tau decays.{{cite web |access-date=2011-09-25 |archive-date=11 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211183031/http://operaweb.lngs.infn.it/spip.php?rubrique39 |url-status=dead

Tau neutrinos

First neutrino events seen by the core of the OPERA experiment

In total, five tau neutrinos were detected. On 31 May 2010, OPERA researchers observed the first tau neutrino candidate event in a muon neutrino beam. |access-date=2012-06-08 |access-date=2013-03-27 |access-date=2017-02-08

Time-of-flight measurements

Main article: Faster-than-light neutrino anomaly, Measurements of neutrino speed

In September 2011, OPERA researchers observed muon neutrinos apparently traveling faster than the speed of light. |access-date=2013-03-12 |url-access=subscription |access-date = 2012-06-08 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222165941/http://press-archived.web.cern.ch/press-archived/PressReleases/Releases2011/PR19.11E.html |archive-date = 22 February 2014

References

(21 May 2018). "[OPERA]: News and Updates".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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