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Open-mid front unrounded vowel
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɛ⟩ in IPA
Summary
Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɛ⟩ in IPA
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ipa symbol | ɛ |
| ipa number | 303 |
| decimal | 603 |
| x-sampa | E |
| imagefile | IPA Unicode 0x025B.svg |
| braille | ar |
|x-sampa=E
The open-mid front unrounded vowel, or low-mid front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is the Latin epsilon, a Latinized variant of the Greek lowercase epsilon, .
Features
|File:IPA Ɛ Sagittal Section.svg |Sagittal section of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound . Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound. |File:Spectrogram of open-mid front unrounded vowel (IPA ɛ).png |Spectrogram of
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akan (Twi) | ɛyɛ | 'it is good/fine' | See Akan phonology | ||
| Arabic | Quranic | اَتٰىهُمْ/atāhum | 'he came to them' | ||
| Armenian | Eastern | էջ/ēj | 'page' | ||
| Bavarian | Amstetten dialect | Typically transcribed in IPA with . | |||
| Bengali | ব্যাঙ/bêṅ | 'frog' | Also pronounced as . See Bengali phonology | ||
| Breton | gwenn | [ˈɡwɛnː] | 'white' | ||
| Bulgarian | пет/pet | 'five' | See Bulgarian phonology | ||
| Catalan | set | 'seven' | See Catalan phonology | ||
| Chinese | Mandarin | 天 / tiān | 'sky' | ||
| Chuvash | ҫепĕҫ | [ˈɕɛp̬ɘɕ] | 'gentle, tender' | ||
| Czech | led | 'ice' | In Bohemian Czech, this vowel varies between open-mid front , open-mid near-front and mid near-front . See Czech phonology | ||
| Danish | Standard | frisk | 'fresh' | ||
| Dutch | Standard | bed | 'bed' | ||
| The Hague | jij | 'you' | Corresponds to in standard Dutch. | ||
| English | General American | *bed* | 'bed' | ||
| Northern England | May be somewhat lowered. | ||||
| Received Pronunciation | Older RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel . See English phonology | ||||
| Younger General Australian speakers | Realization of /e/ due to an ongoing short-front vowel chain shift. See Australian English phonology | ||||
| Scottish | |||||
| Cockney | *fat* | 'fat' | |||
| Singaporean | |||||
| New Zealand | See New Zealand English phonology | ||||
| Broad Australian | Realization of /æ/. General Australian speakers realize this vowel as or . See Australian English phonology | ||||
| Some Broad | |||||
| South African speakers | Other speakers realize this vowel as or . See South African English phonology | ||||
| Belfast | *days* | 'days' | Pronounced in closed syllables; corresponds to in RP. | ||
| Zulu | *mate* | 'mate' | Speakers exhibit the met–mate merger. | ||
| Faroese | frekt | 'greedy' | See Faroese phonology | ||
| French | bête | 'beast' | See French phonology | ||
| Galician | ferro | 'iron' | See Galician phonology | ||
| Georgian | გედი/gedi | 'swan' | |||
| German | Standard | Bett | 'bed' | ||
| Franconian accent | oder | 'or' | Used instead of . See Standard German phonology | ||
| Coastal Northern accents | |||||
| Swabian accent | fett | 'fat' | Contrasts with the close-mid . See Standard German phonology | ||
| Western Swiss accents | See | 'lake' | Close-mid in other accents; contrasts with the near-open . See Standard German phonology | ||
| Hindustani | Hindi–Urdu | ख़ैरियत–خیریت / hi | 'well-being' | ||
| Hungarian | lesz | [ˈlɛsː] | 'will be' | Allophone of [æ]. | |
| Italian | bene | 'good' | See Italian phonology | ||
| Kaingang | ''mbr'''e''''' | 'with' | |||
| Korean | 매미 / maemi | 'cicada' | Merged with /e/ for many speakers. See Korean phonology | ||
| Kurdish | Kurmanji (Northern) | hevde | 'seventeen' | ||
| Sorani (Central) | ههڤده/hevde | ||||
| Pehlewî (Southern) | |||||
| Limburgish | crème | 'cream' | The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect. | ||
| Lithuanian | mesti | 'throw' | See Lithuanian phonology | ||
| Lower Sorbian | serp | 'sickle' | |||
| Luxembourgish | Stär | 'star' | Allophone of before . See Luxembourgish phonology | ||
| Macedonian | Standard | мед/med | 'honey' | ||
| Malay | Standard | *paling* | 'most' | ||
| Negeri Sembilan | *cepat* | 'quick' | See Negeri Sembilan Malay | ||
| *karpet* | 'carpet' | ||||
| Kelatan-Pattani | ''ay'''am''''' | 'chicken' | See Kelatan-Pattani | ||
| Terengganu | *biasa* | 'normal' | See Terengganu Malay | ||
| Perak | ''mat'''a''''' | 'eye' | See Perak Malay | ||
| *kero* | 'crab' | ||||
| colspan"2" | Norman | Jersey | affaûrder | 'to afford' | |
| Norwegian | Sognamål | pest | 'plague' | ||
| Occitan | grèga | 'Greek' | See Occitan phonology | ||
| Polish | ten | 'this one' (nom. m.) | See Polish phonology | ||
| Portuguese | Most dialects | pé | 'foot' | ||
| Some speakers | tempo | 'time' | Timbre differences for nasalized vowels are mainly kept in European Portuguese. See Portuguese phonology | ||
| Romanian | Transylvanian dialects | vede | '(he) sees' | ||
| Russian | это/eto | 'this' | See Russian phonology | ||
| Shiwiar | Allophone of . | ||||
| Slovene | met | 'throw' (n.) | See Slovene phonology | ||
| Spanish | Eastern Andalusian | las madres | 'the mothers' | ||
| Murcian | |||||
| Swahili | shule | [ʃulɛ] | 'school' | ||
| Swedish | Central Standard | ät | 'eat' (imp.) | ||
| Tagalog | peke | 'fake' | See Tagalog phonology | ||
| Telugu | చేప | [tʃɛːa] | 'Fish' | ||
| మేక | [mɛːka] | 'Goat' | |||
| Thai | แตร / ''tr'''ae''''' | 'horn (instrument)' | |||
| Turkish | ülke | 'country' | Allophone of described variously as "word-final" and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase". See Turkish phonology | ||
| Ukrainian | день/den' | 'day' | See Ukrainian phonology | ||
| Upper Sorbian | čelo | 'calf' | |||
| Welsh | nesaf | [nɛsav] | 'next' | See Welsh phonology | |
| West Frisian | beppe | 'grandma' | See West Frisian phonology | ||
| Yoruba | *ẹsẹ̀* | 'leg' |
Notes
References
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References
- {{Vowel terminology
- {{Harvcoltxt. Traunmüller. 1982, cited in {{Harvcoltxt. Ladefoged. Maddieson. 1996
- Mikael Madeg, Traité de prononciation du breton du Nord-Ouest à l’usage des bretonnants, Emgleo Breiz, Brest, 2010
- "Received Pronunciation". British Library.
- "Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland".
- "Rodrik Wade, MA Thesis, Ch 4: Structural characteristics of Zulu English".
- {{Harvcoltxt. Friedman. 2001
- {{Harvcoltxt. Lunt. 1952
- [http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf Variação inter- e intra-dialetal no português brasileiro: um problema para a teoria fonológica – Seung-Hwa LEE & Marco A. de Oliveira] {{webarchive. link. (2014-12-15)
- [http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP]
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