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Open-mid front rounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨œ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Vowel sound represented by ⟨œ⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
ipa symbol	œ
ipa number	311
decimal	339
x-sampa	9
imagefile	IPA Unicode 0x0153.svg
braille	ow

|x-sampa=9

The open-mid front rounded vowel, or low-mid front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is . The symbol œ is a lowercase ligature of the letters o and e. The letter , a small capital version of the ligature, is used for a different vowel sound: the open front rounded vowel.

Open-mid front compressed vowel

The open-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as , which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated IPA diacritic for compression. However, the compression of the lips can be shown by the letter as (simultaneous and labial compression) or ( modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic may also be used with a rounded vowel letter as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.

Features

Occurrence

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Asturian	Some Western dialects	fuöra		'outside'
Azeri	North Azerbaijani	bənövşəyi		'purple'
Bavarian	Traunmüller	1982}}, cited in	Seil		'rope'
Northern	I helfad		'I'd help'	Allophone of before .
Breton	All speakers	leur		'floor'
Bas-Léon				Long; contrasts with the short open-mid and the long close-mid . Other speakers have only one mid front rounded vowel .
Buwal		'fine'	Allophone of when adjacent to a labialized consonant.
Catalan	Capcinès	lluna		'Moon'
Chinese	Cantonese	長 / yue		'long'
Lombard	Lombard	fiœ		'boy','man'
Danish	Standard	gøre		'to do'
Dutch	Standard	manoeuvre		'manoeuvre'
Some speakers	parfum		'perfume'	Nasalized; occurs only in a few loanwords and it is used mainly in southern accents. Often nativized as . See Dutch phonology
The Hague dialect	uit		'out'	Corresponds to in standard Dutch. See Dutch phonology
English	General New Zealand	bird		'bird'
Scouse	Possible realization of the merged – vowel .
Southern Welsh	Also described as mid and close-mid .
General South African	''g'''o'''''		'go'	Some speakers. Can be a diphthong of the type ~ instead. Other South African varieties do not monophthongize. See South African English phonology
French	jeune		'young'	See French phonology
Galician	semana		ˈweek'	Labialization of pre-tonic , which is usually realized as
German	Standard	Hölle		'hell'
Western Swiss accents	schön		'beautiful'	Close-mid in other accents. See Standard German phonology
Limburgish	Many dialects	mäö		'sleeve'
Low German		söss / zös		'six'
Espírito Santo East Pomeranian		'hell'
Saterland Frisian	bölkje		'to rear'
Turkish	Istanbul	köz		'fire'
West Frisian	Hindeloopers
Súdwesthoeksk	skoalle		'school'

Open-mid front protruded vowel

Catford notes that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One Scandinavian language, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, , will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is or (an open-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but it could be misread as a diphthong.

Acoustically, the sound is "between" the more typical compressed open-mid front vowel and the unrounded open-mid front vowel .

Features

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Norwegian	nøtt		'nut'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as mid central . See Norwegian phonology
Swedish	Central Standard	öra		'ear'
Stockholm, Linköping, and Lund	höna		'hen'	reported the phonemes and placed the short variant at mid height, as in . According to , the long vowel has been lowered to open-mid in Linköping and Lund, and near-open in Stockholm, with the recommendation of transcribing the phoneme as instead of . An earlier study from the same authors found that the vowel moves slightly lower and more central during its pronunciation in Stockholm and Linköping, while it moves slightly higher in Lund. reports both short and long variants as allophones of the phonemes , lowered before and any retroflex segment; long are marked as 'lower-mid' and short are marked as 'mid-high', each pairing being differentiated primarily by formant acoustics rather than height, and all as central rather than front. See Swedish phonology

Notes

References

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References

{{Vowel terminology
García, Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena. (2015-09-01). "Na frontera del asturllionés y el gallegoportugués: descripción y exame horiométricu de la fala de Fernidiellu (Forniella, Llión). Parte primera: fonética". Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana.
{{Harvcoltxt. Traunmüller. 1982, cited in {{Harvcoltxt. Ladefoged. Maddieson. 1996
"Aplicació al català dels principis de transcripció de l'associació fonètica internacional".
Freixeiro Mato, X. Ramón.. (2006). "Gramática da lingua galega". Edicions A Nosa Terra.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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