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Open-mid central unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɜ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɜ⟩ in IPA

FieldValue
ipa symbolɜ
ipa number326
decimal604
x-sampa3
imagefileIPA Unicode 0x025C.svg
braille256
braille2ar

|x-sampa=3

The open-mid central unrounded vowel, or low-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (formerly ). The IPA symbol is not the digit or the Cyrillic small letter Ze (з). The symbol is instead a reversed Latinized variant of the lowercase epsilon, ɛ. The value was specified only in 1993; until then, was an alternative symbol for the mid central unrounded vowel .

The letter may be used with a raising diacritic , to denote the mid central unrounded vowel. It may also be used with a lowering diacritic , to denote the near-open central unrounded vowel.

Conversely, , the symbol for the mid central vowel may be used with a lowering diacritic to denote the open-mid central unrounded vowel, although that is more specifically written with an additional unrounding diacritic to explicitly denote the lack of rounding (the canonical value of IPA is undefined for rounding).

Features

Occurrence

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
AfrikaansStandardlig'light'
Cotabato Manobo'child'Allophone of before glottal consonants; may be transcribed in IPA with .
Dutchgrappig'funny'Possible realization of . See Dutch phonology
EmilianBolognesemétter'to put'
EnglishAmerican*bird*'bird'
Ohio*bud*'bud'One realization of the vowel transcribed in IPA with in American English, typical of Midland or Southern American English. It is not a standard pronunciation throughout the whole country.
Most Texas speakers
Northern WalesSome speakers. Corresponds to in other Welsh dialects.
ScottishSomewhat retracted; may be more back instead.
GermanChemnitz dialectpasse'[I] pass'
Many speakersherrlich'fantastic'Common alternative to the diphthong . See Standard German phonology
HausaPossible allophone of , which can be as close as and as open as .
Jebero'indigenous person'Allophone of in closed syllables.
Kaingang'mark'Varies between central and back .
Kalagan Kaagan'tall'Allophone of ; may be transcribed in IPA with .
Kallahan
LadinGherdëinaUrtijëiUrtijëi
NeapolitanCentral Basilicatan varieties (Appennine Area)pesäreor'to weigh'
Paicîrë'they' (prefix)May be transcribed in IPA with .
RomanianStandardmăr'apple'
Transylvanian varieties of Romanianașa'such'Corresponds to in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
SamaSibutu'roof'Allophone of ; may be transcribed in IPA with .
Sindhi'funeral'Typically transcribed in IPA with .
Temnepʌs'brew'Typically transcribed in IPA with .
YiddishStandardענלעך'similar'

Notes

References

  • {{citation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150511230821/http://www-01.sil.org/asia/philippines/sipl/SIPL_3-2_063-104.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2015-05-11
  • {{citation |orig-year=First published 1981
  • {{citation |orig-year=First published 1962
  • {{citation |author2-link=Ian Maddieson |editor-last=Maddieson |editor-first=Ian |editor-link=Ian Maddieson |chapter-url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/84j8713p |publication-place=Los Angeles
  • {{citation |editor-last=Kortmann |editor-first=Bernd |editor2-last=Schneider |editor2-first=Edgar W.
  • {{citation
  • {{citation |doi-access=free
  • {{citation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150511230340/http://www-01.sil.org/asia/philippines/sipl/SIPL_7-1_001-123.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2015-05-11
  • {{citation |doi-access=free
  • {{Citation |doi-access=free
  • {{citation |author-link=Peter Ladefoged |publication-place=Fort Worth
  • {{citation
  • {{citation
  • {{citation
  • {{citation |doi-access=free
  • {{citation
  • {{citation |orig-year=First published 2013
  • {{citation
  • {{citation |editor-last1=Coupland |editor-first1=Nikolas |editor-last2=Thomas |editor-first2=Alan Richard
  • {{citation
  • {{citation |editor-last=Kortmann |editor-first=Bernd |editor2-last=Schneider |editor2-first=Edgar W.
  • {{citation |doi-access=free
  • {{citation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150511225522/http://www-01.sil.org/asia/philippines/sipl/SIPL_2-1_191-203.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2015-05-11
  • {{citation |author-link=John C. Wells
  • {{citation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415220843/http://www.litnet.co.za/integrasie-van-artikulatoriese-en-akoestiese-eienskappe-van-vokale-n-beskrywingsraamwerk/ |archive-date=15 April 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=16 April 2017
  • {{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415194042/http://www.taalportaal.org/taalportaal/topic/pid/topic-14610909940908011 |archive-date=15 April 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=16 April 2017

References

  1. {{Vowel terminology
  2. Volpe, Luigi. (2011). "La lingua dei masciaioli : dizionario del dialetto di Accettura, cittadina lucana in provincia di Matera / Luigi Volpe; presentazione [di] Patrizia Del Puente". EditricErmes.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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