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Open-mid back unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ʌ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ʌ⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
ipa symbol	ʌ
ipa number	314
decimal	652
xsampa	V
imagefile	IPA Unicode 0x028C.svg
braille	346

The open-mid back unrounded vowel or low-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , graphically a rotated lowercase "v" (called a turned V but created as a small-capital without the crossbar, even though some vendors display it as a real turned v). Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as a "wedge", "caret" or "hat". In transcriptions for English, this symbol is commonly used for the near-open central unrounded vowel and in transcriptions for Danish, it is used for the open back rounded vowel.

Features

Occurrence

Language		Word		IPA		Meaning		Notes
Ajië
Catalan
Danish
Emilian
English
Natal
Cardiff
General South African
General American
Inland Northern American
Multicultural London
Newfoundland
Northern East Anglian
Philadelphia
Scottish
Some Estuary English speakers
Some Standard Southern British speakers
French
German
Haida
Irish
Kaingang
Kashmiri
Kensiu
Korean
Lillooet
Mah Meri
Nepali
Norwegian
Portuguese
Russian
Scottish Gaelic
Tamil
Xavante

Before World War II, the of Received Pronunciation was phonetically close to a back vowel , which has since shifted forward towards (a near-open central unrounded vowel). Daniel Jones reported his speech (southern British) as having an advanced back vowel between his central and back ; however, he also reported that other southern speakers had a lower and even more advanced vowel that approached cardinal . In American English varieties, such as in the West, the Midwest, and the urban South, the typical phonetic realization of the phoneme is an open-mid central . Truly backed variants of that are phonetically can occur in Inland Northern American English, Newfoundland English, Philadelphia English, some of African-American English, and (old-fashioned) white Southern American English in coastal plain and Piedmont areas. However, the letter is still commonly used to indicate this phoneme, even in the more common varieties with central variants or . That may be because of both tradition and some other dialects retaining the older pronunciation.

Notes

References

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References

{{Vowel terminology
"So close and yet so different: Reconstructing the phonological history of three Southern New Caledonian languages {{!}} Lund University".
"Anàlisi dialectològica d'uns parlars del Solsonès".
"Scrîver al bulgnaiṡ cum và".
W. Labov, S. Ash and C. Boberg. (1997). "A national map of the regional dialects of American English". Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania.
"Picardie : phonétique".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

open-mid-vowels back-vowels unrounded-vowels

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